Isotopes of vanadium

Naturally occurring vanadium (V) is composed of one stable isotope ⁵¹V and one radioactive isotope ⁵⁰V with a half-life of 1.5×10¹⁷ years. 24 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized (in the range of mass number between 40 and 65) with the most stable being ⁴⁹V with a half-life of 330 days, and ⁴⁸V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, the majority of them below 10 seconds, the least stable being ⁴²V with a half-life shorter than 55 nanoseconds, with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited states were found (including 2 metastable states for ⁶⁰V), which adds up to 5 meta states.

The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope ⁵¹V is electron capture. The next most common mode is beta decay. The primary decay products before ⁵¹V are element 22 (titanium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 24 (chromium) isotopes.
Standard atomic mass: 50.9415(1) u

Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	decay mode(s)	daughter isotope(s)	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
	excitation energy
40V	23	17	40.01109(54)#		p	39Ti	2-#
41V	23	18	40.99978(22)#		p	40Ti	7/2-#
42V	23	19	41.99123(21)#	<55 ns	p	41Ti	2-#
43V	23	20	42.98065(25)#	80# ms	β+	43Ti	7/2-#
44V	23	21	43.97411(13)	111(7) ms	β+ (>99.9%)	44Ti	(2+)
					α (<.1%)	40Sc
44mV	270(100)# keV			150(3) ms	β+	44Ti	(6+)
45V	23	22	44.965776(18)	547(6) ms	β+	45Ti	7/2-
46V	23	23	45.9602005(11)	422.50(11) ms	β+	46Ti	0+
46mV	801.46(10) keV			1.02(7) ms	IT	46V	3+
47V	23	24	46.9549089(9)	32.6(3) min	β+	47Ti	3/2-
48V	23	25	47.9522537(27)	15.9735(25) d	β+	48Ti	4+
49V	23	26	48.9485161(12)	329(3) d	EC	49Ti	7/2-
50V	23	27	49.9471585(11)	1.4(4)×1017 a	β+ (83%)	50Ti	6+	0.00250(4)	0.002487-0.002502
					β- (17%)	50Cr
51V	23	28	50.9439595(11)	Stable			7/2-	0.99750(4)	0.997498-0.997513
52V	23	29	51.9447755(11)	3.743(5) min	β-	52Cr	3+
53V	23	30	52.944338(3)	1.60(4) min	β-	53Cr	7/2-
54V	23	31	53.946440(16)	49.8(5) s	β-	54Cr	3+
54mV	108(3) keV			900(500) ns			(5+)
55V	23	32	54.94723(11)	6.54(15) s	β-	55Cr	(7/2-)#
56V	23	33	55.95053(22)	216(4) ms	β- (>99.9%)	56Cr	(1+)
					β-, n	55Cr
57V	23	34	56.95256(25)	0.35(1) s	β- (>99.9%)	57Cr	(3/2-)
					β-, n (<.1%)	56Cr
58V	23	35	57.95683(27)	191(8) ms	β- (>99.9%)	58Cr	3+#
					β-, n (<.1%)	57Cr
59V	23	36	58.96021(33)	75(7) ms	β- (>99.9%)	59Cr	7/2-#
					β-, n (<.1%)	58Cr
60V	23	37	59.96503(51)	122(18) ms	β- (>99.9%)	60Cr	3+#
					β-, n (<.1%)	59Cr
60m1V	0(150)# keV			40(15) ms			1+#
60m2V	101(1) keV			>400 ns
61V	23	38	60.96848(43)#	47.0(12) ms	β-	61Cr	7/2-#
62V	23	39	61.97378(54)#	33.5(20) ms	β-	62Cr	3+#
63V	23	40	62.97755(64)#	17(3) ms	β-	63Cr	(7/2-)#
64V	23	41	63.98347(75)#	10# ms [>300 ns]
65V	23	42	64.98792(86)#	10# ms			5/2-#

Notes

• Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
• Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
• Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.

References

• Isotope masses from:
  • G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
  • G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  • N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |nopp= ignored (|no-pp= suggested) (help)

• History of discovery: A. Shore, A. Fritsch, M. Heim, A. Schuh, M. Thoennessen. Discovery of the Vanadium Isotopes. arXiv:0907.1994 (2009).