List of alloys

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This is an incomplete list of named alloys grouped alphabetically by base metal. Within these headings they are in no particular order. Some of the main alloying elements are optionally listed after the alloy names.

[edit] Alloys of aluminium

Main articles: Aluminium and Aluminium alloy

Al-Li (lithium)
Alnico (aluminum, nickel, cobalt): used for permanent magnets
Duralumin (copper)
Nambe (aluminium plus seven other undisclosed metals)
Silumin (silicon)
AA-8000: used for building wire in the U.S. per the National Electrical Code
Magnalium (5% magnesium)/used in airplane bodies, ladders,etc.
Aluminium also forms complex metallic alloys, like β-Al-Mg, ξ'-Al-Pd-Mn, T-Al₃Mn

[edit] Alloys of bismuth

Main article: Bismuth

Wood's metal (lead, tin, cadmium)
Rose metal (lead, tin)

[edit] Alloys of cobalt

Main article: Cobalt

Megallium
Stellite (chromium, tungsten, carbon)
- Talonite
Ultimet (chromium, nickel, molybdenum, iron, tungsten)
Vitallium

[edit] Alloys of copper

Main articles: Copper and Copper alloys

Arsenical copper
Beryllium copper (beryllium)
Billon (silver)
Brass (zinc)
- Calamine brass (zinc)
- Chinese silver (zinc)
- Dutch metal (zinc)
- Gilding metal (zinc)
- Muntz metal (zinc)
- Pinchbeck (zinc)
- Prince's metal (zinc)
- Tombac (zinc)
Bronze (tin, aluminium or any other element)
- Aluminium bronze (aluminium)
- Arsenical bronze
- Bell metal (tin)
- Florentine bronze (aluminium or tin)
- Guanín
- Gunmetal (tin, zinc)
- Glucydur
- Phosphor bronze (tin and phosphorus)
- Ormolu (Gilt Bronze) (zinc)
- Speculum metal (tin)
Constantan (nickel)
Copper-tungsten (tungsten)
Corinthian bronze (gold, silver)
Cunife (nickel, iron)
Cupronickel (nickel)
Cymbal alloys (Bell metal) (tin)
Devarda's alloy (aluminium, zinc)
Electrum (gold,silver)
Hepatizon (gold, silver)
Heusler alloy (manganese, tin)
Manganin (manganese, nickel)
Molybdochalkos (lead)
Nickel silver (nickel)
Nordic gold (aluminium, zinc, tin)
Shakudo (gold)
Tumbaga (gold)

[edit] Alloys of gallium

Main article: Gallium

Galinstan

[edit] Alloys of gold

Main article: Gold

The purity of alloys of gold is expressed in karats, which tell you the ratio of the minimum amount of gold (by mass) over 24 parts total. 24 karat gold is fine gold (24/24 parts), and the engineering standard is that it be applied to alloys that have been refined to 99.9% or better purity ("3 Nines Fine"). There are, however, places in the world that allow the claim of 24kt. to alloys with as little as 99.0% gold ("2 Nines Fine" or "Point Nine-nine Fine). An alloy which is 14 parts gold to 10 parts alloy is 14 karat gold, 18 parts gold to 6 parts alloy is 18 karat, etc. This is becoming more commonly and accurately expressed as the result of the ratio, ie: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded off), and 18/24 is .750 ("Seven-fifty Fine").

There are hundreds of possible alloys and mixtures possible, but in general the addition of silver will color gold green, and the addition of copper will color it red. A mix of around 50/50 copper and silver gives the range of yellow gold alloys the public is accustomed to seeing in the marketplace.