Paraneoplastic syndrome
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Paraneoplastic syndrome | |
| Classification and external resources | |
| DiseasesDB | 2064 |
|---|---|
| eMedicine | med/1747 |
| MeSH | D010257 |
A paraneoplastic syndrome is a disease or symptom that is the consequence of the presence of cancer in the body, but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells. These phenomena are mediated by humoral factors (by hormones or cytokines) excreted by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor. Paraneoplastic syndromes are typical among middle aged to older patients (as are all cancers) and they most commonly present with cancers of the lung, breast, ovaries or lymphatic system (a lymphoma).[1] Sometimes the symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes show even before the diagnosis of a malignancy.
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[edit] Classification
Paraneoplastic syndromes can be divided into 4 main categories: Endocrine, neurological, mucocutaneous and hematological paraneoplastic syndromes, as well as others that may not fit into any of the above categories:
[edit] Neurological
A particularly devastating form of paraneoplastic syndromes is a group of disorders classified as paraneoplastic neurological disorders (PNDs).[8] These paraneoplastic disorders affect the central or peripheral nervous system and they are degenerative.[9] Symptoms of paraneoplastic neurological disorders may include ataxia (difficulty with walking and balance), dizziness, nystagmus (rapid uncontrolled eye movements), difficulty swallowing, loss of muscle tone, loss of fine motor coordination, slurred speech, memory loss, vision problems, sleep disturbances, dementia, seizures, sensory loss in the limbs.
The most common cancers associated with paraneoplastic neurological disorders are breast, ovarian and lung cancer, but many other cancers can produce paraneoplastic symptoms as well.
Treatment options include:
- Therapies to eliminate the underlying cancer such as chemotherapy, radiation and surgery, and
- Therapies to reduce or slow neurological degeneration. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are critical for the patient to have the best chance of recovery. Since these disorders are relatively rare, few doctors have seen or treated PNDs. Therefore, it is important that PND patients consult with a specialist with experience in diagnosing and treating paraneoplastic neurological disorders.
[edit] Organizations
The International Paraneoplastic Association (IPA) is an organization dedicated to providing support and information to those affected by paraneoplastic neurological disorders.
[edit] References
- ^ NINDS Paraneoplastic Syndromes Information Page National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- ^ MeSH Paraneoplastic+endocrine+syndromes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Table 6-5 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7. 8th edition.
- ^ MeSH Nervous+system+paraneoplastic+syndromes
- ^ Dalmau J, Tüzün E, Wu HY, et al. (January 2007). "Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma". Ann. Neurol. 61 (1): 25–36. doi:. PMID 17262855.
- ^ Cohen PR, Kurzrock R (1997). "Mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes". Semin. Oncol. 24 (3): 334–59. PMID 9208889.
- ^ Staszewski H (1997). "Hematological paraneoplastic syndromes". Semin. Oncol. 24 (3): 329–33. PMID 9208888.
- ^ Rees JH (2004). "Paraneoplastic syndromes: when to suspect, how to confirm, and how to manage". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 75 Suppl 2: ii43–50. doi:. PMID 15146039.
- ^ Darnell RB, Posner JB (2006). "Paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the nervous system". Semin Oncol 33 (3): 270–98. doi:. PMID 16769417.
[edit] External links
- Neuroimmunology, The Medical School, Birmingham University - Paraneoplastic neurological autoantibodies, Birmingham UK
- http://www.antibodypatterns.com/hu.php
- IPA website
- Rockefeller University clinical research laboratory devoted to the paraneoplastic neurologic disorders
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