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Parliament House, Brisbane

Coordinates: 27°28′31″S 153°01′37″E / 27.475356°S 153.02703°E / -27.475356; 153.02703
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Parliament House
Parliament House with Parliamentary Annexe in background
Map
General information
Architectural styleFrench Renaissance Revival
LocationGardens Point, Brisbane
AddressCnr George Street and Alice Street, Brisbane City, Queensland
Construction started1865
Completed1867
Renovated1982
OwnerQueensland Government
Technical details
Structural systemSandstone
Design and construction
Architect(s)Charles Tiffin

Parliament House in Brisbane is the meeting place of the Parliament of Queensland, housing its only chamber, the Legislative Assembly. It is located on the corner of George Street and Alice Street at Gardens Point in the CBD, and is next to the Queensland University of Technology and City Botanic Gardens.[1]

History

Parliament House during construction of balconies c. 1878.
Queen Victoria stained glass window

Planning

Plan of Parliament House, circa 1867

The Parliament of Queensland first met on 22 May 1860 in the former convict barracks on Queen Street.[2] The building was not considered a suitable meeting place for Parliament in the long-term, but the government was preoccupied with the construction of Government House, and plans for a new legislative facility were not made until after its completion.[3] In November 1863 a commission chose the site for the new parliamentary building on the corner of Alice and George Street.[3] The commission soon opened an Australia-wide competition for the new building's design, and offered a 200 guinea prize for the winning submission.[3] In April 1864, a design by Benjamin Backhouse was selected, but was later rejected after it was estimated that it would require £38,000 to construct, exceeding the maximum cost of £20,000 specified in the competition.[3][4] In October 1864, a design by William Henry Ellerker was recommended by the Parliamentary Commissioners.[5] However in November 1865, the commissioners withdrew their recommendation and resigned, following criticism by James Cowlishaw who claimed none of the submissions was satisfactory.[6][7] In December 1864, Ellerker wrote a public complaint about the process,[8] but ultimately plans by Charles Tiffin, the Queensland Colonial Architect, were selected. Amid controversy and allegations of undue influence on the outcome of the competition, Tiffin donated his prize money for the design to the Ipswich Grammar School.

Plan of Parliament House, 1867

Construction

Ground floor plan, 1920

On 14 July 1865 the foundation stone for the building was laid by Sir George Bowen.[4] It was built by Joshua Jeays who used sandstone from his own quarries. Stained glass windows depicting royalty were imported from Birmingham.[4] The first section was completed in 1867.[4] The George Street frontage was completed in 1868 in French Renaissance Revival style, with some Second Empire-style elements. The archways and colonnades facing George Street were built in 1878,[4] and construction on the Alice Street frontage commenced in 1887. The Alice Street wing was completed in 1889.[4]

First floor, 1920

In 1886 Parliament House was connected to the Government Printing Office via an underground cable which provided it with electricity. The building was the first Parliament House in Australia to be electrified.[9]

20th century

In March 1939, the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly George Pollock committed suicide at his office in Parliament House by shooting himself with a shotgun.[10]

Led by George Gray, in August 1939 members of the League for Social Justice marched on Parliament House to protest unemployment, "armed with batons, coils of barbed wire and hammers". They interrupted a meeting of the ALP caucus in the old Legislative Council chambers. Gray and 36 others were charged with unlawful assembly, but were acquitted by a sympathetic jury.[11][12]

In 1969 the Government began to investigate the feasibility and cost of an extension to Parliament House. Three years later the State Works Department and Parliamentary Buildings Committee began planning the building, and designed a brutalist extension called the Parliamentary Annexe. Tenders for the Annexe were called in August 1975, and construction began soon after.[13]

The Annexe was completed in March 1979 at a cost of $20,000,000. The building is linked to Parliament House, forming a square like the one in Tiffin's original 1864 plan. The square has become known as Speaker's Green and is used for ceremonial purposes.[13]

The Annexe was refurbished in 2000.[13]

Design

Parliament House in 2019

The George Street face of Parliament House has a porte-cochère, with a balustraded terrace above. The original zinc roof was replaced in the 1980s with one constructed from Mount Isa copper.

Public use

Art exhibitions and other displays are frequently staged in the spacious ground floor areas of the Annexe.

Free public guided tours of the Parliament are available each week day. Also, a gift shop, selling souvenirs and memorabilia, is located in the main foyer.

Parliament House was also used as one of the filming locations for the 1980s Australian series of Mission: Impossible.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Parliament House (entry 600069)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  2. ^ "First Parliament House". Government of Queensland. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d "New Parliament House". Government of Queensland. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Gregory, Helen; Dianne Mclay (2010). Building Brisbane's History: Structure, Sculptures, Stories and Secrets. Warriewood, New South Wales: Woodslane Press. pp. 18–20. ISBN 9781921606199.
  5. ^ "The New Houses of Parliament". The North Australian. Vol. X, no. 820. Queensland, Australia. 15 October 1864. p. 5. Retrieved 27 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. ^ "Weekly Epitome". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. XIX, no. 2, 119. Queensland, Australia. 14 November 1864. p. 2. Retrieved 27 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ "The Parliament Houses Building Designs". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. XIX, no. 2, 127. Queensland, Australia. 23 November 1864. p. 2. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ "Correspondence". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. XIX, no. 2, 143. Queensland, Australia. 13 December 1864. p. 3. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ^ Dunn, Col (1985). The History of Electricity in Queensland. Bundaberg: Col Dunn. p. 21. ISBN 0-9589229-0-X.
  10. ^ "CANNOT CARRY ON; TOO MUCH PAIN". The Courier-mail. No. 1736. Queensland, Australia. 25 March 1939. p. 1. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ Brown, Elaine (1996). "Gray, George Henry (1903 - 1967)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
  12. ^ Gill, J. C. H. (1979). "Blair, Sir James William (1870–1944)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 7. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  13. ^ a b c "Parliamentary Annexe". Government of Queensland. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
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