PhilSports Stadium stampede
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(2018-04-25).jpg) PhilSports Stadium (pictured in 2018) where the stampede occurred. | |
| Date | February 4, 2006 |
|---|---|
| Time | 6:00 A.M. (PST) |
| Location | PhilSports Football and Athletics Stadium, Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines |
| Also known as | ULTRA stampede Wowowee stampede |
| Type | Crowd crush |
| Deaths | 73 |
| Non-fatal injuries | 400 |
The PhilSports Stadium Stampede (also referred to as the ULTRA stampede or the Wowowee stampede) was a crowd crush that occurred at the PhilSports Stadium (also known as the ULTRA) in Pasig, Metro Manila in the Philippines on February 4, 2006. It killed 73 people and injured about 400. About 30,000 people had gathered outside the stadium waiting to participate in the first anniversary episode of the former television variety show Wowowee.
Background
On February 4, 2006, about 30,000 people had gathered outside the PhilSports Stadium to participate in the first anniversary episode of ABS-CBN early afternoon television game show, Wowowee. It was scheduled at 1 pm. The football stadium was supposed to be the viewing area of people who were not able to enter the basketball arena, where the program was to be staged. The size of the crowd was significantly larger than the usual 5,000 who attended previous recordings which were held at ABS-CBN studios.[1]
It was the show's first anniversary event, and there were prizes awaiting to be offered including jeepneys, taxis and a top prize of one million pesos.[2] According to a Philippine Daily Inquirer report, most of the victims were from the poorest parts of the Metro Manila and nearby provinces, generally jobless and attracted by the show's promise of instant wealth.[3]
Crowd crush
Stampede is not only an incorrect term, it is a loaded word as it apportions blame to the victims for behaving in an irrational, self-destructive, unthinking and uncaring manner, it’s pure ignorance, and laziness … It gives the impression that it was a mindless crowd only caring about themselves, and they were prepared to crush people.
In virtually all these situations this is not the case, and it is usually the authorities to blame for poor planning, poor design, poor control, poor policing and mismanagement.
The truth is that people are only directly crushed by others who have no choice in the matter, and the people who can choose don’t know what is going on because they’re too far away from the epicentre.
Edwin Galea, professor of fire safety engineering at the University of Greenwich, England[4]
At about 6:00am., organizers of the show began handing out tickets to people in the crowd, many of whom had been camping outside the stadium for days to acquire them. Overhearing the news, people started trying to get ahead of the queue and became agitated. As people in front of the line were given entrance to the stadium, the crowds became more impatient and started pushing forward and shoving, prompting security guards to panic and shut the entrance gates. Witnesses and several survivors reported that the crush began when the already impatient crowd continued pushing and shoving, causing one of the barriers used to keep people in queue to collapse.[1]
Coincidentally, the gates happened to be on a sloped driveway and when security guards tried to seal the gates further and calm the crowd, the crowd continued pushing and shoving as well as shaking the gates until they were forced open. After the gates eventually gave way, people at the front collapsed from exhaustion while others behind them stumbled. The sloped driveway contributed to the worsening of the crush.
As a result of the tragedy, the network temporarily cancelled the show and indefinitely postponed the anniversary presentation.
Casualties
The crush killed 73 people and injured around 800 people. It was earlier thought that 88 people had died, but this was due to double counting by the rescue workers. The majority of the victims were young middle-aged women, but also included elderly people.[1]
Senator and Philippine National Red Cross Chairman Richard Gordon said that most of the injured were not in serious condition and many have been treated and released.[2] The Philippine National Red Cross led by chairman Richard Gordon, ABS-CBN's affiliated NGOs, and the TV network itself led the efforts in recovering the dead bodies, providing medical care for the injured, and other related assistance. The victims were also fully assisted by government authorities.
ABS-CBN's current chairman Eugenio "Gabby" Lopez III, who was also the company's Chief Executive Officer at the time of the incident, promised to provide aid and financial assistance to the victims and their families. The network also formed 71 Dreams Foundation to assist the relatives of the victims.
Investigation and aftermath
Bomb threats and false alarms
Some survivors and officials stated in reports that the crush was caused and worsened by bomb jokes and other false alarms shouted by one or more rowdy crowd members. A report by BBC and ABC News also theorized the legitimacy of the alleged bomb scares but police and other authorities denied the statements due to insufficient evidence.
Task Force Ultra
Task Force Ultra, an inter-agency investigating body consisting of the National Capital Region Police Office, Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) and the Department of Justice, was created to investigate the cause of the crush. According to its findings, Wowowee offered only very few tickets to a very large crowd, which had been waiting for days to gain entry to the stadium.
In its statement, the surge was triggered by an ABS-CBN staff member announcing to the crowd gathered at the gate that only the first 300 people in line beneath the covered walkway leading to the stadium would be chosen to participate in the Pera o Bayong portion of the show. This portion, which offered from ₱10,000 to ₱50,000 in prizes (US$193 to $969 at a rate of $1=₱51.70), "excited" the crowd and "incited the people who were outside the official queue to push their way into the already jampacked queue, hoping that they could squeeze in among the first 300." To control the deluge of people wanting to get in, the network's staff closed the gate, but the rush of people, coupled with the steep incline and uneven surface of the road caused those in front of the mob to stumble and fall, culminating in the crush that caused the majority of the deaths and injuries.[5]
It was also reported an "obvious lack of coordination" between the organizers and relevant government agencies. It said that while ABS-CBN had sought the assistance of Pasig's mayor and police chief, "neither was invited to any of the organizers' production meetings."
The National Telecommunications Commission, a government agency that supervises all radio and television broadcasting stations and other telecommunications services, said ABS-CBN could lose its license to operate if it is proven that the network was "delinquent" in providing enough measures to protect those who went to the venue. The commission will compose an inquiry as to whether ABS-CBN violated a 1985 circular that requires TV networks "not to commit any act that would be detrimental to public health, public welfare or public safety."[6]
In October 2006, relatives of the victims announced that a class suit will be filed against ABS-CBN and its chief executive officer (CEO). “There is now probable cause (for the case),” said Dante Jimenez, the chairman of the Volunteers Against Crime and Corruption (VACC).[7]
On January 29, 2008, the Supreme Court ruled with finality dismissing ABS-CBN's case of junking the investigation by the Department of Justice. Hence after 2 years of ABS-CBN's blocking of closure to the event, the DOJ can now indict all of those involved in the crush except for Willie Revillame, the show's host.[8]
Reaction
Then-Pope Benedict XVI, expressed sadness over the incident after the news hit Rome and other parts of the world. Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo Sodano said in a telegram to Pasig district Bishop Francisco San Diego that 'the Pope offers his prayers and condolences for all those affected by this terrible accident.'[9]
On the first anniversary of the disaster, rather than celebrating the second anniversary of the show, Wowowee offered the last segment of the show to a candlelight vigil lent and moment of silence in the studio with Revillame giving a short statement and the show ending with Yeng Constantino singing "Hawak Kamay."[citation needed]. Simultaneously, the hosts, producers, and the director of Eat Bulaga!, Wowowee's rival variety show on GMA Network, offered a minute of silence and prayers for the victims of the crush before they started the show. A contestant on the show's former segment, "On The Spot Jackpot", had a relative who died during the incident and shared his/her experiences about what happened before quoting that "life is more important than money". ABS-CBN later thanked their rival network for their prayers and sympathies.[10]
The 2007 and 2010 editions of Guinness World Records cited this incident as "the greatest death toll in a game show".[11]
In popular culture
The incident was dramatized and investigated in the GMA Network-produced docudrama series, Case Unclosed, during its Kara David era, with Rhea Santos substituting her.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Manila stadium stampede kills 78". BBC. 4 February 2006.
- ^ a b "73 dead in stampede at Philippine game show". ABC News (Australia). 4 February 2006. Archived from the original on 20 August 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2006.
- ^ "Game show stampede: 78 dreams crushed". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 5 February 2006.
- ^ Lock, Samantha (1 November 2022). "Crowd crushes: how disasters like Itaewon happen, how can they be prevented, and the 'stampede' myth". The Guardian.
- ^ "Probers cite what triggered stampede". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 8 February 2006.
- ^ "Gov't could cancel ABS-CBN license". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 8 February 2006.
- ^ http://newsinfo.inq7.net/inquirerheadlines/metro/view_article.php?article_id=28322
- ^ SC junks with finality ABS-CBN plea vs DoJ in Pasig stampede Archived 2008-02-01 at the Wayback Machine by Tetch Torres, Inquirer.net, 18:21:00 01/29/2008
- ^ "Don't drag GMA into deadly stampede, Palace tells critics". The Daily Tribune (Philippines). 6 February 2006.
- ^ Bordadora, Norman (5 February 2006). "TV rivalry, politics cast aside in wake of tragedy". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 3 May 2021.
- ^ 'Wowowee' on 2007 Guinness World Records Archived 2013-02-21 at the Wayback Machine
External links