Sydir Kovpak
| Sydir Kovpak | |
|---|---|
 Grave of Sуdіr Kovpak in the Baikove Cemetery in Kiev |
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| Born | June 7, 1887 Poltava, Ukraine, Russian Empire |
| Died | December 11, 1967 (aged 80) Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Allegiance |  Russian Empire Soviet Union |
| Years of service | 1914–1925 1941–1945 |
| Rank | Major-General |
| Commands held | Putyvl partisans and allied partisan units 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards |  Cross of St. George (2) Order of Lenin (4) Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 1st Class Order of Suvorov 2nd Class Order of the Red Banner |
| Other work | various top positions in government of Soviet Ukraine |
Sydir Artemovych Kovpak (Ukrainian: Сидір Артемович Ковпак; Russian: Си́дор Арте́мьевич Ковпа́к, Sidor Artеmуevich Kovpak), June 7, 1887 – December 11, 1967) was a prominent Soviet partisan leader in Ukraine.
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[edit] Biography
Kovpak was born to a poor peasant family in Ukrainian village near Poltava (then of the Russian Empire). For his military service in the World War I he was awarded two Crosses of St. George personally by the Emperor Nicholas II of Russia (an award for special military heroism). After the Russian Revolution he joined the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and fought for the Red Army partisan units against the German forces, as well as against Denikin's White Army in a legendary Vasily Chapayev's cavalry division. In the interwar period he was a head of the local government in the town of Putyvl, Sumy Oblast (province).
[edit] World War II
At the time of the German invasion of Soviet Ukraine partisan units led by Sydir Kovpak waged guerrilla warfare against Axis forces originally in partisan strongholds in Sumy and Bryansk regions with medical camp at Torforazrabotki in Chernihiv oblast, but later its operation spread deep into German occupied territory including Kiev, Zhytomyr, Rivne, Homyel, Volyn and other regions. These partisan units also fought against the nationalist Ukrainian Insurgent Army. In 1944 partisans under Kovpak leadership raided enemy forces throughout western Ukraine and Belarus and even reached Romanian border regions during the famous Carpathian raid inflicting heavy casualties on the Germans.
Kovpak mastered guerrilla tactics and became a living legend in the Soviet Union. In the summer of 1943 Germans managed to hunt down and kill Kovpak's second in command Semyon Rudnev who was replaced by a new right-hand man Petro Vershigora who would later became a writer and dedicate his books to Kovpak's legendary underground resistance.
Sydir Kovpak was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union title twice and in 1943 was promoted to the rank of Major General. According to the memoirs of his lieutenant Vershigora, his promotion and General's stars were airdropped to his partisan unit's position deep behind Nazi lines. After the end of the Great Patriotic War Sydir Kovpak held key positions in the leadership of Soviet Ukraine.
[edit] Movie
Kovpak was portrayed (by Konstantin Stepankov) in Soviet film trilogy Duma o Kovpake (Дума о Ковпаке, Poem of Kovpak):
- Duma o Kovpake: Nabat (Дума о Ковпаке: Набат, Poem of Kovpak: Alarm), 1973 – how initially small partisan unit of twelve people grew into large force under Kovpak and Rudnev. [1]
- Duma o Kovpake: Buran (Дума о Ковпаке: Буран, Poem of Kovpak: Storm), 1975 – about actions in enemy rear in 1941–1942. [2]
- Duma o Kovpake: Karpaty, Karpaty... (Дума о Ковпаке: Карпаты, Карпаты..., Poem of Kovpak: Carpathians, Carpathians...), 1976 – about the 1943 raid into the Carpathians. [3]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- (Russian)/(Ukrainian) "How Sydir Kovpak was a guerilla before the war", Zerkalo Nedeli, (the Mirror Weekly), Kiev, August 11–17, 2001. in Russian, in Ukrainian.
- (Russian) People with clear conscience — Memoires of Pyotr Petrovich Vershigora
[edit] External links
Sydir Kovpak at the "Герои страны" ("Heroes of the Country") website (Russian)
