User:Mandyal Sahil
उंज़्रूख़ एक कृत्रिम भाषा है।
पुरुष | एकवचन | बहुवचन |
---|---|---|
उत्तम पुरुष | यौ | शन |
मध्यम पुरुष | नि | किख़ |
प्रथम पुरुष समीप | व वा वु | वो |
प्रथम पुरुष दूर | फ फा फु | फो |
Phonology[edit]
Consonants[edit]
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive / Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | ts | ʈ | tʃ | k | |
aspriated | pʰ | tʰ | tsʰ | ʈʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | ||
voiced | b | d | dz | ɖ | dʒ | ɡ | ||
breathy | bʱ | dʱ | dzʱ | ɖʱ | dʒʱ | gʱ | ||
Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | ɦ | ||||
voiced | z | |||||||
Nasal | m mʱ | n nʱ | ɳ | (ŋ) | ||||
Lateral | l lʱ | ɭ | ||||||
Trill/Tap | r | ɽ ɽʱ | ||||||
Approximant | j | w |
- [ŋ] is heard when a nasal occurs before velar stops.
- [f] can be heard as an allophone of pʰ.
- Aspirated versions of m, n,ɳ, l,ɭ, r, w can be considered as separate phonemes.
Vowels[edit]
The vowels of Mandeali language are shown below.
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i iː | u uː | |
Mid | (e) eː | ə əː | (o) oː |
Open-mid | ɛː | ɔː | |
Open | aː |
Vowels[edit]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | iː | uː | |
Near-close | ɪ | ʊ | |
Close-mid | eː | ə əː | oː |
Open-mid | ɛː | ɔː | |
Open | aː |
- There are nasalized variations of the following vowels /ĩ ũ ẽ õ ɛ̃ ɔ̃ ã/.[1]
- Vowel sounds are often nasalized when occurring before a word-medial or word-final /n/, except when /n/ occurs before a word-final vowel.
- /ʊ/ can have a marginal upgliding allophone [ʊᵛ] when occurring before a /a/ vowel sound.
- A word-final /aː/ is realized as a back sound [ɑː] and may also drift toward a centralized [äː] sound.[2]
Grammar[edit]
Pronouns[edit]
The Pronouns of Mandeali for different person and number are -
1st Person Singular : हाऊँ /ɦaːũ/
1st Person Plural : आस्से /asːe/
2nd Person Singular : तू /tu/
2nd Person Plural : तुस्से /t̪usːe/
3rd Person Proximate Singular : ए, ये /eː, jeː/
3rd Person Proximate Plural : यों /jõː/
3rd Person Distal Singular : से /seː/
3rd Person Distal Plural : स्यों /sjõː/
Noun Cases[edit]
- Mandeali - Hindi - English - Case
- घर /gʱəːr/ (noun)
1. घर - घर - home - Nominative
2. घरो/ घरा जो - घर को - to home - Accusative
3. घरे - घर ने - Ergative
4. घरा के/ घरा कन्ने/ घरा साउगी - घर के साथ - with house - Comitative
5. घरा ले/ घरा ला - घर से - through home - Instrumental
6. घरा कट्ठे - घर के लिए - for home - Dative
7. घरा ले/ घरा ला - घर से - from home - Ablative
8. घरा रा/रे/री - घर का/की/के - of home - Genetive
- Locatives
9. घरा/ घरा मंझ - घर में - Innesive
10. घरा गास, परयाल्हे, पर - घर पर - Addesive
- Others
11. घरा (sing)/ घरो (plural)- ओ घर - Vocative
12. घरा साँहीं - घर जैसा - Similative
13. घरा तिक्कर/ तिक - घर तक - Terminative
Numerals[edit]
Numeral | Mandeali |
---|---|
1 | एक्क ekk |
2 | दुई duī |
3 | त्राए trāē |
4 | चार chār |
5 | पांज pānj |
6 | छेह chheh |
7 | सात्त sātt |
8 | आठ āṭh |
9 | नौ nau |
10 | दस das |
11 | ग्यारा gyārā |
12 | बारा bārā |
13 | तेहरा tehrā |
14 | चउदा chaudā |
15 | पंद्रा pandrā |
16 | सोळा soḷā |
17 | सतारा satārā |
18 | ठारा ṭhārā |
19 | उन्नी unni |
20 | बीह bīh |