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Veolia Environnement S.A.
Company typeSociété anonyme
Euronext Paris: VIE
CAC 40 component
ISINFR0000124141
IndustryEnvironmental services
Founded1853; 171 years ago (1853) (Compagnie Générale des Eaux)
1998; 26 years ago (1998) (Vivendi)
2003; 21 years ago (2003) (Veolia Environnement)
HeadquartersAubervilliers, France
Key people
Estelle Brachlianoff (CEO) Antoine Frérot (Chairman)
ServicesWater treatment, waste management, HVAC, street lighting, facility management services
RevenueIncrease €45.35 billion (2023)[1]
Increase €1.33 billion (2023)
Total assets€73.304 billion (end 2022)[2]
Total equity€11.371 billion (end 2022)[2]
Number of employees
218,000 (2023)[3]
Websitewww.veolia.com

Veolia Environnement S.A., branded as Veolia, is a French transnational company with activities in three main service and utility areas traditionally managed by public authorities – water management, waste management and energy services. In 2023, Veolia employed 218,000 employees in 57 countries. Its revenue in that year was recorded at €45.351 billion.[4] It is quoted on Euronext Paris. It is headquartered in Aubervilliers.[5]

Prior to 1998 Veolia was known as Compagnie Générale des Eaux. Between 1998 and 2003 the company was known as Vivendi Environnement, having been spun off from the Vivendi conglomerate, most of the rest of which became Vivendi.

In 2014, following a major restructuring, the company adopted the unaccompanied Veolia name across its businesses.

At the end of 2020, Veolia took over 29.9% of its competitor Suez with the aim of creating a world leader in ecological transformation, a merger whose terms were signed in May 2021.[1]

In July 2022, Estelle Brachlianoff became the CEO of the group, succeeding Antoine Frérot, who stayed on as chairman of its board.[2]

History

[edit]
A City of Westminster Veolia refuse lorry in central London

1853–2003: Compagnie Générale des Eaux & Vivendi

[edit]
Main article: Vivendi

On 14 December 1853, a water company named Compagnie Générale des Eaux (CGE) was created by an Imperial decree of Napoleon III.[6] In 1853, CGE obtained a concession to supply water to the public in Lyon, serving in this capacity for over a hundred years. In 1860, it obtained a 50-year concession with the City of Paris.[7]

For a hundred years, Compagnie Générale des Eaux remained largely focused on the water sector. However, following the appointment of Guy Dejouany as CEO in 1976, CGE extended its activities into other sectors with a series of takeovers.

Beginning in 1980, CGE began diversifying its operations from water into waste management, energy, transport services, and construction and property. It did so by acquiring:[8]

  • Compagnie générale française des transports et entreprises (CGFTE), created from Compagnie Générale Française de Tramways (CGFT) (originally founded in 1875) in 1953. It was absorbed into CGEA Transport (later Connex).[7][9]
  • Compagnie Générale d'Entreprises Automobiles (CGEA), which specialized in industrial vehicles and later divided into two branches: The transport division became Connex in 1999 and the waste management and environmental services became Onyx Environnement in 1989. CGEA was created in 1912.[10]
  • Compagnie Générale de Chauffe (CGC) (and also later the Montenay group in 1986), with these companies later becoming the Energy Services division of CGE, and later renamed "Dalkia" in 1998. CGC was created in 1935.[10]
Veolia World Headquarters in Aubervilliers, 30, rue Madeleine Vionnet in France.

In 1998, CGE changed its name to "Vivendi", and the following year it sold off its property and construction divisions. Vivendi Environnement was formed in 1999 to consolidate its environmental divisions. Its divisions at the formation of Vivendi Environnement were:[8]

Vivendi went on to list on the New York Stock Exchange (as "V"), and in December, announced a major merger with Canal+ and Seagram, the owner of Universal Studios film company, to become Vivendi Universal and now named Vivendi.

In July 2000, Vivendi Environnement was divested through IPOs in Paris and later New York in October 2001). Initially, Vivendi Universal retained a 70% stake in Vivendi Environnement in 2000, but by December 2002, it was reduced to 20.4%.[11] In 2003, Vivendi Environnement was renamed to Veolia Environnement.[12]

2003 – 2020

[edit]

As a result of Vivendi Environnement spinning off from its parent Vivendi Universal in 2002, in 2003, Vivendi Environnement was renamed to Veolia Environnement.[11] In 2005, the name "Veolia" was established as an umbrella brand for all of the Group's divisions (water, environmental services, energy services and transport) and a new logo was created.[11] The names of the divisions at the time of rebranding were:

In November 2009, Antoine Frérot has become the chairman and the CEO of the group after succeeding Henri Proglio who has been appointed CEO of Électricité de France. The change has been part of a huge politico-financial scandal in France[13][14] as Proglio kept executive positions – and subsequent salary – in both companies until public criticism forced him to give up his Veolia revenues.

Its Veolia Water division remains the largest private operator of water services in the world.[citation needed]

Transdev (formerly Veolia Transdev) was formed in 2011 from a merger of Veolia Transport with the old Transdev, a subsidiary of Caisse des Dépôts.[15] Currently, Veolia owns 30% of the company's shares.[16]

Prior to the merger, Veolia Transport was the transport division of Veolia. It was originally part of the CGEA, which was acquired in 1980, and the transport division was then renamed Connex in 1999, then finally renamed to Veolia Transport in 2005.[8][11]

At the time of merger, Veolia Transport recorded revenues of €7.863 billion in 2011 (For 2010 : Europe 83%, included France 37.1%, North America 13.2%, Asia-Pacific 3.7%). It employed 101,798 people. It worked with public authorities under public-private partnerships to manage public transit systems (buses, trains, metros, ferries, etc.).[17] On 6 December 2011 Veolia Environment, seeking to reduce debt and focus on its core businesses of water, waste and energy, announced that it will eventually sell its share in Veolia Transdev, within a two-year time frame, by when its own activities will have been reorganized. After this announcement, the Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, for its part, officially reiterated its commitment to Veolia Transdev and its continued support as a shareholder to the group's development.[18]

In early 2012 it was reported that Cube Infrastructure, a fund controlled by the French bank Natixis (Groupe BPCE), was likely to acquire about half of Veolia's stake in Transdev. The Caisse des Dépôts would take over the other half.[19] This was later changed in October 2012 to Caisse des Dépôts acquiring 10% of the shares from Veolia.[20] This however was not implemented. In December 2016, CDC finally bought 20% shares from Veolia.[16] As a result, Veolia's share on the company reduced to 30%.

In January 2019, the 30% share was sold to the Rethmann Group, the owner of Rhenus.[21]

In 2012, the group launched a major restructuring plan: one Veolia per country for a single international headquarters.[22] The company's activity is refocused on markets with large volumes and greater added value (difficult-to-treat pollution, the circular economy, more industrial groups as customers, etc.). Veolia Environnement officially becomes Veolia.

In Latin America, Proactiva was a 50-50 joint venture formed in 1999 between Veolia Environnement and Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas (FCC), until Veolia bought the other 50% share from FCC in 2013. As a result, Veolia now owns 100% of Proactiva.

In 2014, EDF took over Dalkia's activities in France while Veolia took over 100% of Dalkia's international activities.[23]

In February 2016, Veolia acquired the American Kurion, which specializes in low-level radioactive residue remediation techniques, for 350 million dollars. The acquisition completes the know-how of Asteralis, its subsidiary specializing in the characterization of waste and the assessment of nuclear facilities. This investment is the first medium-sized acquisition of the 2016-2018 plan. A cycle which, in addition to accelerating growth, aims to continue the drastic savings effort.[24]

In May 2016, Veolia announced the creation in Hong Kong of the largest sewage sludge treatment plant in the world.[25] In June 2016, Veolia announced the acquisition for $325 million of the sulfuric acid activities of the company Chemours, resulting from the split of the specialty chemicals activities of DuPont.[26] The following month, Veolia continued its acquisitions and acquired the Szakoly power plant, the fifth largest electricity production facility in Hungary from biomass and contributed to the development of renewable energies in the country.

In North America, Veolia Energy traded under the Trigen Energy name until February 2011.[27] It was the largest operator and developer of efficient district energy (heating, cooling, and cogeneration) systems in North America, located in ten major U.S. cities. It also provides facility operations, energy management, and advisory services. In July 2019, Veolia sold its heating and cooling networks in the United States for $1.25 billion to the French investment fund[28] Antin Infrastructure Partners, which renamed the business Vicinity Energy.[29] In December 2019, Veolia, through its subsidiary Veolia Nuclear Solutions, and the electrician EDF announced the creation of Graphitech, a company responsible for dismantling graphite technology nuclear reactors.

2020 - present

[edit]

On August 30, 2020, Veolia makes an offer to ENGIE to buy back 29.9% of Suez shares for the sum of 2.9 billion euros, and then proposes a public tender offer for Suez for the rest shares.[30] In October 2020, Veolia acquired the 29.9% stake in Engie, for 3.4 billion euros. In April 2021, Veolia and Suez publish a joint press release[31] claiming to have found common ground for Veolia to absorb a large part of Suez's international activities,[32] which should bring Veolia's valuation to 37 billion euros. This operation values Suez at 13 billion euros.[33]

A merger agreement was signed in May 2021 to formalize the merger of the two groups. In December 2021, the takeover bid was validated by the European competition authority,[34] then Veolia announced in early 2022 its intention to acquire 100% of Suez.[35]

In July 2022, Estelle Brachlianoff has become the CEO of the Group after succeeding Antoine Frérot who will remain as Chairman of its Board.

Operations

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Overview

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Veolia is established in 57 countries, with employees across the globe in 2023:[36]

  • Europe (excluding France): 37.5%
  • France: 23%
  • Asia and Oceania: 15%
  • Latin America: 11.5%
  • North America: 6.5%
  • Africa and Middle-East: 6.5%

The group operates in the water, waste and energy sectors. It is present on five continents and has 218,000 employees. In 2023, the Veolia group had 113 million users for its drinking water supply services and 103 million for sanitation. It claims to have produced nearly 42 terawatt hours and recovered 63 million tonnes of waste. Its consolidated turnover is 45.3 billion euros for a net profit of 1,335 million euros.[37] The company is listed on the Paris Stock Exchange under the VIE7 index.

Financial information

[edit]

On 31 December 2023, shares in Veolia Environnement were held as follows: 11.1% Individual shareholders, 7.5% Employees, 5.7% BlackRock, 5.2% Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations CNP, 5.1% Amundi, 3.4% Vanguard, 2.8% Impax, 2.7% Natixis, 2.3% Deutsche Bank, 2.1% Norges, 1.4% Self detention, 50.7% Other institutional shareholders [38]

Veolia issued two profit warnings in 2011 and announced plans to quit half of the 77 countries where it does business. It launched a €5 billion ($6.4 billion) fire sale of assets. The company and its top executives were facing the prospect of a U.S. class-action lawsuit in January 2012 over allegations that they made "misleading" statements between 2007 and 2011 about its financial well-being. The company, which was described as "struggling" by the Financial Times, said that a complaint had been filed against it in New York for violation of U.S. federal securities laws. Veolia's shares were the worst performer on France's CAC 40 index in 2011, falling 60%.[39]

The following is a summary of data (in millions of euros):[40][41][42][43][44][36]

Financial data in millions of euros
Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Consolidated revenue 25,951.1 27,188.7 26,009.9 28,508.1 42,885 45,351
Operating income 1,459.3 1,464.8 919.5 1,317.5 2,333 2,847
Net income 672 759.8 381.8 895.8 1,162 1,335
Free cash-flow 536 868 507 1,340.5 1,032 1,143
Net financial debt 11,564 10,680 13,217 9,532.2 18,138 17,903
Staff 171,495 178,780 178,894 176,488 220,000 218,288

Corporate social responsibility

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The company's sustainable development activities are diverse.[vague] Because it operates in three sectors with a huge potential impact on the environment, both the risks and opportunities presented by sustainable development activities are substantial.[relevant?] The environmental, social and societal performance commitments are integrated into its strategic plan.[buzzword] The company is involved to a greater or lesser extent in the implementation of each of the 17 UN SDGs, with a direct impact[specify] on 13 of them. The company's sustainability efforts are furthered by its Foundation and Institute which emphasize innovation and research.[45][peacock prose][needs independent confirmation]

The Veolia Foundation

[edit]

The Veolia Foundation supports non-profit activities related to sustainable development, professional continuous development and the protection of the environment in France and overseas. The foundation supports projects through financial aid and voluntary services provided by its employees. It also supports emergency relief operations in collaboration with humanitarian organisations.[46]

Following the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Veolia Foundation dispatched 30 tons of emergency supplies (mainly water treatment units) via French Red Cross air transportation. The Foundation also sent Veolia technical experts to provide water to the disaster's victims.[47]

In the Philippines, in November 2013 Typhoon Yolanda ravaged the center of the archipelago and affected 10 million inhabitants, Veolia Foundation intervened alongside the NGO Solidarités International in the region of Tacloban, the first coastal town in the path of the typhoon, to bring aid to the devastated population.[citation needed]

In 2016, Hurricane Matthew hits Haiti, the Veolia Foundation intervenes to restore drinking water with the NGO Acted.[48]

Institut Veolia

[edit]

The Institut Veolia was created in 2001 to provide insights[peacock prose] into major global challenges such as climate change, urbanisation and various economic, social and cultural issues related to the environment.[according to whom?] The institute is built around a committee that brings together seven experts and an international network of researchers and experts. Its activities include organising conferences and publishing articles and reports.[49]

Research and development

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As of 31 December 2009, the Group's research and development investments reached €89.8 million (€92.1 million in 2008, €84.6 million in 2007).[citation needed]

The Research and Innovation division includes 850 experts and supports around 200 scientific partnerships with private and public organisations. The division focuses on four main issues:[50]

  • Manage and preserve natural resources
  • Control impacts on natural environments
  • Care for health and living environments
  • Develop alternative sources of energy

Programmes

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Veolia's R&I division has determined nine main development programmes through which a number of research projects are managed:[51]

  • Waste collection, sorting, and beneficial re-use
  • Sustainable city and building management
  • Energy efficiency
  • Environmental and health standards
  • New activities
  • Bioresources
  • Drinking water
  • Wastewater

Operating events

[edit]

West Carrollton plant explosion

[edit]

On 4 May 2009, a Veolia Environmental Service's plant in West Carrollton, Ohio, United States, exploded. The blast leveled two buildings on the property which were a laboratory and a building that had several 200,000 gallon chemical tanks. This particular plant handles fuel blending among other services. Two workers at the plant were injured in the blast.[52] The explosion caused $50 million in damage to the plant itself. More than a dozen homes up to a mile radius from the blast were also damaged due to the explosion.

Fatal accident in Gatlinburg

[edit]

Two workers died after a catastrophic mechanical failure in April 2011 at a waste water treatment plant in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, United States, owned by the local municipality and operated by Veolia Water. At least 1.5 million gallons of a mix of storm and sewage water were spilled into a nearby river after a sewage-holding wall collapsed.[53]

Controversies

[edit]

Veolia v Lithuania

[edit]
See also: Corruption in Lithuania

In 2017, French company Veolia sued Lithuania in Stockholm arbitration court demanding about 100 million euros in damages.[54] Veolia alleges that Lithuanian government is involved in illegal conduct and that it expropriated Veolia's investments. This is Veolia's second arbitration lawsuit against Lithuania after it sued Lithuania in Washington arbitration court in 2016.[55]

Relations with Israel

[edit]

In February 2011 the Tower Hamlets London Borough Council of the London borough of Tower Hamlets, voted to review its position with Veolia and place no further contracts with it, after claiming that Veolia's work for the Israeli government assisted the "continued oppression of the Palestinian people".[56]

The Justice and Peace Commission, part of the Catholic Church in England, urged London municipalities to stop doing business with Veolia because of its involvement with illegal settlements.[57] Veolia denied wrongdoing.[58]

Palestinian human-rights organization Al-Haq instructed lawyers in the Netherlands to submit a formal objection against the decision of Stadsregio Arnhem Nijmegen, a municipality, to award a public transport concession to Hermes, the Dutch subsidiary of Veolia Transdev. The objection was based on Veolia's involvement in what Al-Haq claims are Israel's violations of international law.[59]

In a 2012 interview with the Israeli press, Veolia's Denis Gasquet, senior executive vice president, admitted that Veolia had been under pressure from pro-Palestinian groups in Europe, particularly over the Jerusalem Light Rail. Parties within Veolia had argued that the group was losing tenders as a result, but Gasquest said he did not know of any tenders lost due to Veolia's activities in Israel. He confirmed Veolia's intention to stay in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories, while exiting the transport business.[60]

On 1 April 2015, the company announced on its website "Veolia closes the sale of its activities in Israel."[61] This was taken by supporters of the BDS (Boycott Divestment and Sanctions) movement to signify a success for their campaigning efforts: "The sale follows a worldwide campaign against the company’s role in illegal Israeli settlements that cost the firm billions of dollars of lost contracts."[62]

Unpaid internships

[edit]

Veolia offered[when?] unpaid internship positions under the Irish government's JobBridge initiative. This scheme was opposed by left-wing political groups, who claim it amounts to free labour and can cause a claimant who refuses many such offers to fall foul of a provision in the Irish Social Welfare that allows benefits to be withdrawn from unemployed who were fired.[citation needed][needs update]

Flint water crisis

[edit]
Main article: Flint water crisis

On 22 June 2016, Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette began its first civil action in the Flint water crisis by filing suit against Veolia North America and Lockwood, Andrews & Newnam (LAN) who were hired to consult Flint water plant officials after the switch to the Flint River in April 2015. The lawsuit, at that time, had accused Veolia and LAN of professional negligence and public nuisance. Veolia was also, at that time, accused of fraud. Veolia called the accusations "baseless, entirely unfounded and appears to be intended to distract from the troubling and disturbing realities that have emerged as a result of this tragedy". And added: "In fact, when Veolia raised potential lead and copper issues, city officials and representatives told us to exclude it from our scope of work because the city and the EPA were just beginning to conduct lead and copper testing."[63][64]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Annual Results 2023" (PDF). Veolia Environnement. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Veolia Environnement S.A. financial information". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  3. ^ "Integrated report 2023" (PDF). Veolia Environnement. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  4. ^ "Annual Results 2023". 29 February 2024.
  5. ^ "Legal Notice Archived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine." Veolia Environnement. Retrieved on 9 February 2011. "It is published by Veolia Environnement, a corporation with capital of €2,495,631,835; Paris Corporate & Trade Register No. 403 210 032, headquartered at 36/38 avenue Kléber, 75016 Paris, France[...]"
  6. ^ Mann, Charles C. (2018). The Wizard and the Prophet: Two Remarkable Scientists and their Dueling Visions to Shape Tomorrow's World. New York: Vintage, a Division of Penguin Random House. ISBN 9780345802842.
  7. ^ a b "The history of Veolia: 1853-1900". Veolia. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  8. ^ a b c "The history of Veolia : 1950 - 2000". Veolia. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  9. ^ "COMPAGNIE GÉNÉRALE FRANÇAISE DE TRAMWAYS - CGFT" (in French). Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
  10. ^ a b "The history of Veolia : 1900 - 1950". Veolia. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  11. ^ a b c d "The history of Veolia : 2000 - 2010". Veolia. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  12. ^ "Vivendi Environment changes name to Veolia". Power Engineering. 12 May 2003. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  13. ^ « Le double salaire d'Henri Proglio embarrasse l'UMP », Le Monde, 20 janvier 2010, sur le site lemonde.fr, consulté le 23 janvier 2010.
  14. ^ « Henri Proglio renonce à son double salaire», Le Figaro, 22 janvier 2010.
  15. ^ "Veolia Transdev" (Press release). Veolia. 3 March 2011. Archived from the original on 18 March 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  16. ^ a b "Transdev: Shareholder agreement finalized between the Caisse des Dépôts and Veolia". Transdev. 22 December 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  17. ^ Veolia Reference Document 2009, p. 50
  18. ^ "La Caisse des Dépôts confirme son engagement auprès de Veolia Transdev" (PDF) (Press release). Caisse des Dépôts. 6 December 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  19. ^ "Le fonds Cube est favori pour acheter la participation de Veolia dans Transdev". La Tribune (in French). 29 February 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  20. ^ "Evolution project for the shareholding of Veolia Transdev". Caisse des Dépôts. Archived from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  21. ^ Veolia out of transport as Rethmann acquires Transdev stake Archived 15 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine Railway Gazette International 11 January 2019
  22. ^ "Après les économies, cap sur la stratégie chez Veolia". Reuters. 24 January 2013.
  23. ^ "Dalkia: EDF et Veolia divorcent mais continuent de rivaliser". Le Figaro (in French). 26 July 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  24. ^ "Veolia buys nuclear waste clean-up firm Kurion for $350 mln". Reuters. 3 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  25. ^ "Managing wastewater networks: from collection to treatment". Veolia. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  26. ^ "Veolia buys Chemours' sulphur recycling unit for $325 million". Reuters. 14 June 2016.
  27. ^ BusinessWire, Trigen’s Name Change to Veolia Energy ..., News: 17 February 2011, downloaded 20 March 2011.
  28. ^ "Veolia cède ses réseaux de chaleur aux Etats-Unis pour 1,25 milliard de dollars". Le Figaro (in French). 31 July 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  29. ^ "Vicinity Launches as Largest District Energy Provider in America". Vicinity. 30 December 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2022. "Veolia North America Sold Its District Energy Assets in the United States". Veolia North America. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  30. ^ "Veolia Offers $3.5 Billion for Suez Stake and Eyes Takeover". www.bloomberg.com. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  31. ^ "Veolia and Suez announce that they have reached an agreement allowing the merger of the two groups". Veolia. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  32. ^ "Veolia, Suez End Bitter Takeover Battle in $15 Billion Deal". www.bloomberg.com. 12 April 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  33. ^ "Suez et Veolia parviennent à un accord de principe en vue de leur rapprochement". Le Monde.fr (in French). 12 April 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  34. ^ L'Usine Nouvelle, L'Usine Nouvelle (14 December 2021). "L'autorité européenne de la concurrence valide l'OPA de Veolia sur Suez" (in French). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  35. ^ "Veolia détient 86,22% du capital de Suez, demande une réouverture d'OPA pour arriver à 100%". Le Figaro (in French). 7 January 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  36. ^ a b "Universal Registration Document (URD) 2023" (PDF). 29 February 2024.
  37. ^ "Capital structure on December 31st 2021". Veolia. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  38. ^ "Capital Structure". Veolia Environnement. 31 December 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  39. ^ James Boxell (6 January 2012). "Veolia faces prospect of US class-action suit". Financial Times. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  40. ^ "Annual Financial Report 2018" (PDF). Veolia Environnement. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  41. ^ "Annual Financial Report 2019" (PDF). Veolia Environnement. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  42. ^ "Annual Financial Results 2020" (PDF). Veolia Environnement. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  43. ^ "Annual Financial Report 2021" (PDF). 15 June 2022.
  44. ^ "Annual Financial report" (PDF). 27 April 2022.
  45. ^ "Veolia Environnement website: Sustainable Development". Archived from the original on 8 December 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  46. ^ "Veolia Environnement 'Fondation' website". Fondation.veolia.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  47. ^ "Business in the Community website, 'How Business in the Community's Members have responded'". Bitc.org.uk. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  48. ^ "Hurricane Matthew: the Veolia Foundation provides relief in Haiti". 1 December 2016.
  49. ^ Institut Veolia Environnement Activity Report 2009, 'Analysis, Anticipation & Dialogue', p. 4-7
  50. ^ Research and Innovation 2010, p. 7-11
  51. ^ Research and Innovation 2010, p. 16-18
  52. ^ West Carrollton Plant Explosion Archived 24 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine, download date 4 May 2009
  53. ^ "Bodies of workers found at Gatlinburg treatment plant". CNN. 5 April 2011. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  54. ^ ""Veolia" pateikė ieškinį Vilniui Stokholmo arbitraže". 18 October 2017. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  55. ^ ""Veolia" pateikė ieškinį Lietuvai: suma 100 mln. Eur - Verslo žinios". 18 October 2017. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  56. ^ Simon Rocker (10 February 2011). "Tower Hamlets council backs Israel boycott". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  57. ^ "J&P Commission urges London boroughs to stop dealing with Veolia". Independent Catholic News. United Kingdom. 7 September 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  58. ^ "Holy Land: Veolia responds to J&P critics". Independent Catholic News. United Kingdom. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  59. ^ "Hermes schendt mensenrechten Israël". Omroep Gelderland (in Dutch). 13 October 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2012.
  60. ^ Avi Bar-Eli and Itai Trilnick (15 February 2012). "Not afraid to make money in Israel". The Marker – Haaretz. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  61. ^ "Veolia closes the sale of its activities in Israel". Veolia. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  62. ^ "BDS Victory: Veolia sells Israel businesses targeted by Palestinian-led boycott campaign". Mondoweiss. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  63. ^ Michigan AG Sues Private Water Giant Veolia over Flint Water Crisis. Democracy Now! 23 June 2016.
  64. ^ Flint water firm said it was told to 'exclude' lead and copper issues The Flint Journal via MLive.com, 23 June 2016
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