Odonatoptera: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Taxonomic superorder of winged insects}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = [[Late Carboniferous]] - Recent |
| fossil_range = {{fossil_range|318|0|[[Late Carboniferous]] - Recent}} |
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| image = |
| image = Meganeurites_gracilipes_restoration.webp |
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| image_caption = Reconstruction of [[Carboniferous]] griffinfly, ''Meganeurites''. |
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| image_caption = The giant griffinfly ''[[Meganeura monyi]]'' lived some 300 million years ago. It was as large as a [[crow]]. |
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| taxon = Odonatoptera |
| taxon = Odonatoptera |
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| authority = Martynov, 1932 |
| authority = Martynov, 1932 |
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| subdivision_ranks = |
| subdivision_ranks = Orders |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = See [[#Systematics and taxonomy|text]] |
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See [[#Systematics and taxonomy|text]] |
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| synonyms = |
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Odonatoidea <small>Lameere, 1936</small> |
Odonatoidea <small>Lameere, 1936</small> |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Odonatoptera''' are a [[superorder]] (sometimes treated as an [[order (biology)|order]]) of ancient [[winged insect]]s, placed in the [[ |
The '''Odonatoptera''' are a [[superorder]] (sometimes treated as an [[order (biology)|order]]) of ancient [[winged insect]]s, placed in the probably [[paraphyletic]] group [[Palaeoptera]]. The [[dragonflies]] and [[damselflies]] are the only living members of this group, which was far more diverse in the late [[Paleozoic]] and contained gigantic species, including the griffinflies (colloquially called "giant dragonflies", although they were not dragonflies in the strict sense) of the order [[Meganisoptera]] (formerly Protodonata). This lineage dates back at least to the [[Bashkirian]], not quite 320 [[million years ago]]. <ref>Trueman & Rowe (2008)</ref> |
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==Systematics and taxonomy== |
==Systematics and taxonomy== |
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There is little consensus about the relationships of the Odonatoptera. What is certain is that they are a [[clade]] of winged insects that stands outside the [[Neoptera]]. But various authors' analyses have yielded any one of three mutually exclusive [[phylogenies]], or some variant thereof: The least problematic (in a [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] sense) view is that the Odonatoptera are the [[sister taxon]] of the [[Ephemeropteroidea]] (the mayfly lineage), and that the [[Palaeodictyopteroidea]] are either their sister taxon or a [[basal (evolution)|basal]] assemblage, all within a [[monophyletic]] Palaeoptera. But few recent analyses have supported this. Rather, it seems more and more likely that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Neoptera, making the "Palaeoptera" paraphyletic. The third view places the mayfly lineage as sister taxon of the neopterans, with the Odonatoptera as most primitive winged insects; it has seen little support in recent decades however.<ref>Maddison (2002), Trueman [2008]</ref> |
There is little consensus about the relationships of the Odonatoptera. What is certain is that they are a [[clade]] of winged insects that stands outside the [[Neoptera]]. But various authors' analyses have yielded any one of three mutually exclusive [[phylogenies]], or some variant thereof: The least problematic (in a [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] sense) view is that the Odonatoptera are the [[sister taxon]] of the [[Ephemeropteroidea]] (the mayfly lineage), and that the [[Palaeodictyopteroidea]] are either their sister taxon or a [[basal (evolution)|basal]] assemblage, all within a [[monophyletic]] Palaeoptera. But few recent analyses have supported this. Rather, it seems more and more likely that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Neoptera, making the "Palaeoptera" paraphyletic. The third view places the mayfly lineage as sister taxon of the neopterans, with the Odonatoptera as most primitive winged insects; it has seen little support in recent decades however.<ref>Maddison (2002), Trueman [2008]</ref> |
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While the internal subdivision of this superorder is subject to much dispute and far from resolved, at least the coarser divisions seem to be fairly stable by now. Six orders are generally recognized, as well as two [[family (biology)|families]] ''[[incertae sedis]]'' and a further "family" that is almost certainly not monophyletic. Ordered from the most ancestral to the most advanced, these are: |
While the internal subdivision of this superorder is subject to much dispute and far from resolved, at least the coarser divisions seem to be fairly stable by now. Six orders are generally recognized, as well as two [[family (biology)|families]] ''[[incertae sedis]]'' and a further "family" that is almost certainly not monophyletic.{{contradictory inline|section=Phylogeny|date=January 2024}} Ordered from the most ancestral to the most advanced, these are:{{inconsistent|date=January 2024|reason=This text originally preceded a list of orders and families in the superorder. However, in 2018 this list was replaced with a phylogeny, partially based on Petrulevičius & Gutierrez, 2016 (which added extra orders and families). As a result the whole "Systematics and taxonomy" is no longer cohesive and contradicts itself, and needs rewriting to suit the phylogeny, or for the phylogeny return to a simple list as before.}} |
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===Phylogeny=== |
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* Order [[Geroptera]] ([[fossil]]) |
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Based on the work of Petrulevičius & Gutierrez 2016.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Julián F. |last1=Petrulevičius | first2=Pedro Raul |last2=Gutierrez |title=New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina |journal=Arquivos Entomolóxicos |year=2016 |issue=16 |pages=341–358 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316037067}}</ref> |
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* Family "[[Erasipteridae]]" (fossil; probably paraphyletic) |
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{{clade |
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* Order [[Protodonata]] (or Meganisoptera) – griffinflies or "giant dragonflies" (fossil) |
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|label1=Odonatoptera |
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|1={{clade |
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|label1=[[Eugeroptera]] |
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|1=†[[Eugeropteridae]] |
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|label2=Palaeodonatoptera |
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|2={{clade |
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* Order [[Odonata]] – [[dragonfly|dragonflies]] and [[damselfly|damselflies]] |
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|label1=[[Kukaloptera]] |
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|1=†[[Kirchneralidae]] |
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|label2=Plesiodonatoptera |
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|2={{clade |
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|label1=[[Argentinoptera]] |
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|1=†[[Argentinalidae]] |
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|label2=Apodonatoptera |
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|2={{clade |
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|label1=[[Geroptera]] |
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|1=†[[Geropteridae]] |
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|label2=Neodonataptera |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=†[[Eomeganisoptera]] (†[[Erasipteridae]]) |
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|2=Euodonatoptera cont'd |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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{{clade |
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|label1=Euodonatoptera |
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|1={{clade |
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|1=†[[Meganisoptera]] (griffinflies) |
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|label2=Odonatoclada |
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|2={{clade |
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|label2=[[Campylopterodea]] |
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|label3=Nodialata |
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|3={{clade |
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|label2=Discoidalia |
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|2={{clade |
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|label2=Stigmoptera |
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|2={{clade |
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|label2=Panodonata |
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|2={{clade |
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|label1=[[Tarsophlebioptera]] |
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|1=†[[Tarsophlebiidae]] |
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|label2=[[Odonata]] |
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|2={{clade |
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|1=[[Zygoptera]] (damselfly) |
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|2=[[Epiprocta]] (dragonfly) |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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In some treatments, the Odonata are expanded to include all these taxa with the exception of the "Erasipteridae", Geroptera and Protodonata; this group is treated as an unranked [[clade]] '''Odonatoclada''' in the scheme used here. Where the Odonata are defined loosely, the term '''Odonatoidea''' is used instead of "Odonatoptera".<ref>See e.g. Trueman & Rowe (2008)</ref> |
In some treatments, the Odonata are expanded to include all these taxa with the exception of the "Erasipteridae", Geroptera and Protodonata; this group is treated as an unranked [[clade]] '''Odonatoclada''' in the scheme used here. Where the Odonata are defined loosely, the term '''Odonatoidea''' is used instead of "Odonatoptera".<ref>See e.g. Trueman & Rowe (2008)</ref> |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q3349326}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3349326}} |
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[[Category:Odonatoptera| ]] |
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[[Category:Insect superorders]] |
[[Category:Insect superorders]] |
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[[Category:Extant Pennsylvanian first appearances]] |
[[Category:Extant Pennsylvanian first appearances]] |
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[[Category:Palaeoptera]] |
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Revision as of 21:27, 16 February 2024
| Odonatoptera Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Reconstruction of Carboniferous griffinfly, Meganeurites. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Division: | Palaeoptera |
| Superorder: | Odonatoptera Martynov, 1932 |
| Orders | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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Campylopterodea Rohdendorf, 1962 | |
The Odonatoptera are a superorder (sometimes treated as an order) of ancient winged insects, placed in the probably paraphyletic group Palaeoptera. The dragonflies and damselflies are the only living members of this group, which was far more diverse in the late Paleozoic and contained gigantic species, including the griffinflies (colloquially called "giant dragonflies", although they were not dragonflies in the strict sense) of the order Meganisoptera (formerly Protodonata). This lineage dates back at least to the Bashkirian, not quite 320 million years ago. [1]
Systematics and taxonomy
There is little consensus about the relationships of the Odonatoptera. What is certain is that they are a clade of winged insects that stands outside the Neoptera. But various authors' analyses have yielded any one of three mutually exclusive phylogenies, or some variant thereof: The least problematic (in a taxonomic sense) view is that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Ephemeropteroidea (the mayfly lineage), and that the Palaeodictyopteroidea are either their sister taxon or a basal assemblage, all within a monophyletic Palaeoptera. But few recent analyses have supported this. Rather, it seems more and more likely that the Odonatoptera are the sister taxon of the Neoptera, making the "Palaeoptera" paraphyletic. The third view places the mayfly lineage as sister taxon of the neopterans, with the Odonatoptera as most primitive winged insects; it has seen little support in recent decades however.[2]
While the internal subdivision of this superorder is subject to much dispute and far from resolved, at least the coarser divisions seem to be fairly stable by now. Six orders are generally recognized, as well as two families incertae sedis and a further "family" that is almost certainly not monophyletic.[contradictory] Ordered from the most ancestral to the most advanced, these are:[inconsistent]
Phylogeny
Based on the work of Petrulevičius & Gutierrez 2016.[3]
| Odonatoptera |
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| Euodonatoptera |
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In some treatments, the Odonata are expanded to include all these taxa with the exception of the "Erasipteridae", Geroptera and Protodonata; this group is treated as an unranked clade Odonatoclada in the scheme used here. Where the Odonata are defined loosely, the term Odonatoidea is used instead of "Odonatoptera".[4]
Footnotes
- ^ Trueman & Rowe (2008)
- ^ Maddison (2002), Trueman [2008]
- ^ Petrulevičius, Julián F.; Gutierrez, Pedro Raul (2016). "New basal Odonatoptera (Insecta) from the lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) of Argentina". Arquivos Entomolóxicos (16): 341–358.
- ^ See e.g. Trueman & Rowe (2008)
References
- Maddison, David R. (2002): Tree of Life Web Project – Pterygota. Winged insects. Version of 2002-JAN-01. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.
- Trueman, John W.H. [2008]: Tree of Life Web Project – Pterygote Higher Relationships. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.
- Trueman, John W.H. & Rowe, Richard J. (2008): Tree of Life Web Project – Odonata. Dragonflies and damselflies. Version of 2008-MAR-20. Retrieved 2008-DEC-15.
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