Masmuda: Difference between revisions
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{{for|the town and commune|Masmouda, Morocco}} |
{{for|the town and commune|Masmouda, Morocco}} |
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{{History of Morocco}} |
{{History of Morocco}} |
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The '''Masmuda''' ({{lang-ar|'''المصمودة'''}}) is a [[Berbers|Berber]] tribal [[confederation]] of [[Morocco]] and one of the largest in the [[Maghreb]], along with the [[Zenata|Zanata]] and the [[Sanhaja]].<ref name=locmorocco>{{cite book|last=Nelson|first=Harold D.|title=Morocco, a country study|year=1985|publisher=The American University|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=14|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001298165}}</ref> They were composed of several sub-tribes: [[Berghouata]]s, [[Ghomara people|Ghomaras]] (Ghomarids), [[Hintata]]s ([[Hafsids]]), [[Tin Mal]]el, Hergha, Genfisa, Seksiwa, Gedmiwa, Hezerdja, Urika, Guerouanes, Bni M'tir, Hezmira, Regraga, Haha les Banou Maghus, Gilawa and others. Today, the Masmuda confederacy largely corresponds to the speakers of the [[Shilha language|Shilha]] (Tachelhit) [[Berber languages|Berber]] variety, whereas other clans, such as [[Regraga]] have adopted [[Moroccan Arabic|Arabic]]. |
The '''Masmuda''' ({{lang-ar|'''المصمودة'''}}, [[Berber languages|Berber]]: ⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⴷⵏ) is a [[Berbers|Berber]] tribal [[confederation]] of [[Morocco]] and one of the largest in the [[Maghreb]], along with the [[Zenata|Zanata]] and the [[Sanhaja]].<ref name=locmorocco>{{cite book|last=Nelson|first=Harold D.|title=Morocco, a country study|year=1985|publisher=The American University|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=14|url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001298165}}</ref> They were composed of several sub-tribes: [[Berghouata]]s, [[Ghomara people|Ghomaras]] (Ghomarids), [[Hintata]]s ([[Hafsids]]), [[Tin Mal]]el, Hergha, Genfisa, Seksiwa, Gedmiwa, Hezerdja, Urika, Guerouanes, Bni M'tir, Hezmira, Regraga, Haha les Banou Maghus, Gilawa and others. Today, the Masmuda confederacy largely corresponds to the speakers of the [[Shilha language|Shilha]] (Tachelhit) [[Berber languages|Berber]] variety, whereas other clans, such as [[Regraga]] have adopted [[Moroccan Arabic|Arabic]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Revision as of 02:44, 11 April 2022
| History of Morocco |
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The Masmuda (Arabic: المصمودة, Berber: ⵉⵎⵙⵎⵓⴷⵏ) is a Berber tribal confederation of Morocco and one of the largest in the Maghreb, along with the Zanata and the Sanhaja.[1] They were composed of several sub-tribes: Berghouatas, Ghomaras (Ghomarids), Hintatas (Hafsids), Tin Malel, Hergha, Genfisa, Seksiwa, Gedmiwa, Hezerdja, Urika, Guerouanes, Bni M'tir, Hezmira, Regraga, Haha les Banou Maghus, Gilawa and others. Today, the Masmuda confederacy largely corresponds to the speakers of the Shilha (Tachelhit) Berber variety, whereas other clans, such as Regraga have adopted Arabic.
History
The Masmuda settled large parts of Morocco, and were largely sedentary and practised agriculture. The residence of the Masmuda aristocracy was Aghmat in the High Atlas mountains. From the 10th century the Berber tribes of the Sanhaja and Zanata groups invaded the lands of the Masmuda, followed from the 12th century onwards by Arab Bedouins (see Banu Hilal).
Ibn Tumart united the Masmuda tribes at the beginning of the 12th century and founded the Almohad movement, which subsequently unified the whole of the Maghreb and Andalusia.[2] After the downfall of the Almohads, however, the particularism of the Masmuda peoples prevailed once more, as a result of which they lost their political significance.
Sub-tribes
The author of the book "Mafakhir al-Barbar" (roughly translates as: The prides of the Berbers), cites the sub-tribes of the Masmuda as follows:[3]
References
See also
- Banu Dānis (Masmuda clan in al-Andalus)
- Hintata
 Berber tribes of Morocco | |
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| Tribal confederation | |
| Tribes | |