Oil shale reserves: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 06:52, 19 July 2007
Africa
Major oil shale deposits are located in the Democratic Republic of Congo (equal to 14.31 billion tonnes of shale oil) and Morocco (12.3 billion tonnes or 8.16 billion tonnes of shale oil). The biggest deposits in Morocco are Tarfaya and Timahdit. There are oil shale reserves also in Egypt, South Africa, Madagascar and Nigeria.[1]
Asia
Major oil shale deposits are located in China (total, 32 billion tonnes of which technically exploitable and economically feasible is 4.4 billion tonnes), Thailand (18.7 billion tonnes), Kazakhstan (several deposits; major deposit at Kenderlyk Field with 4 billion tonnes) and Turkey (2.2 billion tonnes).[1][2][3] There are oil shale reserves also in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Myanmar, Armenia and Mongolia. The main Chinese oil shale deposits and production lie in Fushun and Liaoning; others are in Maoming in Guangdong, Huadian in Jilin, Heilongjiang and Shandong. In 2002, China produced more than 90,000 tonnes of shale oil.[3] Thailand's oil shale deposits are near Mae Sot, Tak Province, and at Li, Lamphun Province. Deposits in Turkey are located mainly in middle and western Anatolia.[4]
Europe
The biggest oil shale reserves in Europe are located in Russia (equal to 35.47 billion tonnes of shale oil). Main deposits are located in the Volga-Petchyorsk province and the Baltic Basin. Other major oil shale deposits in Europe are located in Italy (10.45 billion tonnes of shale oil), Estonia (2.49 billion tonnes of shale oil), France (1 billion tonnes of shale oil), Belarus (1 billion tonnes of shale oil), Sweden (875 million tonnes of shale oil), Ukraine (600 million tonnes of shale oil) and the United Kingdom (500 million tonnes of shale oil). There are oil shale reserves also in Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Austria, Albania and Romania.[1][4]
Middle East
Major oil shale deposits are located in Jordan (5,242 million tonnes of shale oil or 65 billion tonnes of oil shale) and Israel (550 million tonnes of shale oil or 6.5 billion tonnes of oil shale). Jordanian oil shales are high quality, comparable to western US oil shale, with the exception of high sulfur content. The most explored deposits are El Lajjun, Sultani and the Juref ed Darawishare located in west-central Jordan, while Yarmouk close to the northern border extends into Syria. Most of Israel's deposits are located in the Rotem Basin region of the northern Negev desert near the Dead Sea. Israeli oil shale is relatively low in heating value and oil yield. .[4]
North America
At 3.3 trillion tonnes, the oil shale deposits in the United States are easily the largest in the world. There are two major deposits: the eastern US deposits, in Devonian-Mississippian shales, cover 250,000 square miles (650,000 square kilometers); the western US deposits of the Green River Formation in Colorado, Wyoming and Utah, are among the richest oil shale deposits in the world.[1][4]
In Canada 19 deposits have been identified. The most explored deposits are in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.[1]
Oceania
Australia's oil shale resource is estimated to be around 58 billion tonnes or 4,531 million tonnes of shale oil. The deposits are located in the eastern and southern states with the biggest potential in the eastern Queensland deposits. There is also oil shale in New Zealand.[1]
South America
Brazil has the world's second largest known oil shale resources (the Irati shale and lacustrine deposits) and has the second largest shale oil production after Estonia. Oil shale resources occur in São Mateus do Sul, Paraná, and in Vale do Paraíba. Brazil developed the world’s largest surface oil shale pyrolysis retort Petrosix, an 11-m vertical shaft retort. Production in 1999 was about 200,000 tonnes.[5][2] Small resources are also found in Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela.[6]
References
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chinawas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
dyniwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Laherrère, Jean (2005), "Review on oil shale data" (PDF), Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal, Hubbert Peak, retrieved 2007-06-17
- ^ Russell, Paul L. (1990), Oil shales of the world, their origin, occurrence and exploitation (First ed.), Pergamon Press, pp. 162–224, ISBN 0-08-037240-6