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| work = Plants of Hawaii -- Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) Project
| work = Plants of Hawaii -- Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) Project
| publisher = [[United States Geological Survey]] & [[United States Forest Service]]
| publisher = [[United States Geological Survey]] & [[United States Forest Service]]
| url = http://www.cherimoya.com
}}
}}


Revision as of 20:56, 26 July 2008

Annona cherimola
Chirimuya
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Magnoliophyta
Class:
Magnoliopsida
Order:
Magnoliales
Family:
Annonaceae
Genus:
Annona
Species:
A. cherimola
Binomial name
Annona cherimola
Current range of uncultivated A. cherimola.
Synonyms

Annona pubescens Salisb.
Annona tripetala Aiton[1]

Originally called Chirimuya by the people who lived where it was growing in the Andes of South America, Annona cherimola is an edible fruit (Cherimoya) bearing species of the genus Annona from the family Annonaceae is now widely cultivated mostly for its sweet fruits that share the name Custard-apple with others in its family.[2]

Common names

  • English: cherimoya, custard-apple, chirimoyo, momona, kelemoio
  • French: chérimolier, chérimole, chérimoyer, corossol du Pérou
  • German: Cherimoya, cherimolia, cherimoyabaum, Perúanischer fraschenbaum, Chirimoya, Chirimoyabaum, Jamaikapfel, Peruanischer Fraschenbaum, Rahmapfel, Zuckerannone
  • Portuguese: atemóia, cherimóia, anona do Chile, cabeça de negro, chirimólia, fruta do conde
  • Spanish: chirimoyo, anón, chirimorrinón, chirimoya, chirimoya del Perú
  • Japanese: チェリモア, チェリモヤ
  • Italian: Cerimolia
  • Russian: Аннона шеримоя, Черимоя, Черимойя
  • Swahili: mtomoko, mtopetope[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Description

Annona cherimola is a fairly dense, fast-growing, woody,[5] briefly deciduous[7] but mostly evergreen low branched, spreading tree[5] or shrub[7] 5 metres (16 ft) to 9 metres (30 ft) tall.[5]

Stems and leaves
Mature branches are sappy and woody;[7] young branches and twigs have a matting of short, fine, rust colored hairs.[6][5]
Leathery leaves 5 centimetres (2.0 in) to 25 centimetres (9.8 in) long[8][6] 3 centimetres (1.2 in) to 10 centimetres (3.9 in) wide[6] mostly elliptic, rounded at the ends and pointed near the leaf stalk. When young, covered with soft, fine, tangled, rust colored hairs. When mature, hairs only along the veins on the undersurface.[5] Tops hairless and a dull medium green with paler veins,[8] backs velvety,[7] dull grey-green with raised pale green veins. New leaves are whitish below.[8]
Leaves are single and alternate, 2-ranked[5] attached to the branches with stout 6 millimetres (0.24 in) to 10 millimetres (0.39 in) long and densely hairy leaf stalks.[6]
Flowers
Very pale green,[8] fleshy flowers 3 centimetres (1.2 in) long,[7] with very strong fruity odor,[8] each with three outer, greenish, fleshy, oblong, downy petals and 3 smaller, pinkish inner petals[5] with yellow or brown finely matted hairs outside, whitish with purple spot[7] and many stamens on the inside.[6] They appear on the branches opposite to the leaves, solitary or in pairs or groups of three[6][5], on flower stalks that are covered densely with fine rust colored hairs, 8 millimetres (0.31 in) to 12 millimetres (0.47 in) long. Buds 15 millimetres (0.59 in) to 18 millimetres (0.71 in) long, 5 millimetres (0.20 in) to 8 millimetres (0.31 in) wide at the base.[6]
Fruits and reproduction
Large green conical[8] or heart-shaped compound fruit,[5] 10 centimetres (3.9 in) to 20 centimetres (7.9 in) long,[5] and diameters of 5 centimetres (2.0 in) to 5 centimetres (2.0 in),[6] with skin that gives the appearance of having overlapping scales or knobby warts. Ripening to brown with a fissured surface[8] from winter into spring;[7] weighing on the average 150 grams (5.3 oz) to 500 grams (18 oz) but extra large specimens may weigh 2.7 kilograms (6.0 lb) or more.[5] The ripened flesh is creamy white[8] and contains numerous edible,[6] hard, brown or black, beanlike, glossy seeds, 1 centimetre (0.39 in) to 2 centimetres (0.79 in) long[5] and about half as wide.[6]
Hand pollinated flowers give more fruits.
A. cherimola, preferring the cool Andean altitudes, hybridizes with the other Annona species and a hybrid with A. reticulata called atemoya has received some attention in West Africa.[9]

Distribution

Widely cultivated now, Annona cherimola started life in the Andes at altitudes of 700 metres (2,300 ft) to 2,400 metres (7,900 ft)[5] where it was spread to the Caribbean. From there it was taken by Europeans to various parts of the tropics. Unlike other Annona species[10] A. cherimola has not successfully naturalized in West Africa,[9] and the Australasians have misidentified Annona glabra as this species.

Native
Neotropic:
Western South America: Ecuador, Peru[1][2]
Southern South America: Chili[2]
Current (naturalized and native)
Neotropic: [2][5][11][12][13]
Caribbean: Florida, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico
Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama
Northern South America: Guyana, Venezuela
Western South America: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Peru
Southern South America: Chile, Brazil
Palearctic: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, France, Italy, Spain
Afrotropic: Eritrea, Somalia
Indomalaya: India, Singapore
Australasia: Australia, New Zealand

References

  1. ^ a b c Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (1997-07-11). "Taxon: Annona cherimola L." (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
  2. ^ a b c d e Bioversity International. "Result set for: Annonaceae Annona cherimola" (HTML). New World Fruits Database. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
  3. ^ Clyde T. Imada, George W. Staples, and Derral R. Herbst. "Search Annona cherimola" (HTML). Annotated Checklist of Cultivated Plants of Hawai‘i. Bishop Museum. Retrieved 2008-04-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Porcher, Michel H.; et al. "Annona cherimola L." (HTML). Sorting Annona Names. Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database - A Work in Progress. Institute of Land & Food Resources, University of Melbourne. Retrieved 2008-04-17. {{cite web}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |first= (help)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Current name: Annona cherimola" (HTML). AgroForestryTree Database. International Center For Research In Agroforestry. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (2008-04-09). "Annona cherimola (PIER Species info)" (HTML). PIER species lists. United States Geological Survey & United States Forest Service. Retrieved 2008-04-17. Wiggins, I. L.Porter, D. M. 1971. Flora of the Galapágos Islands. Stanford University Press. 998 pp. {{cite web}}: External link in |quote= (help)
  7. ^ a b c d e f g EEB Greenhouse Staff, University of Connecticut (2008-04-10). "Annona cherimola Mill" (HTML). Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Greenhouses. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Greenhouses. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Flynn, Tim (2002-05-22). "Record Detail ANNONACEAE Annona cherimola Mill" (HTML). Herbarium Database. National Tropical Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
  9. ^ a b Aluka. "Entry for Annona cherimola Mill. [family ANNONACEAE]" (HTML). African Plants. Ithaka Harbors, Inc. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
  10. ^ Aluka. "Entry for Annona glabra Linn. [family ANNONACEAE]" (HTML). African Plants. Ithaka Harbors, Inc. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
  11. ^ Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). "PLANTS Profile, Annona cherimola Mill" (HTML). The PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture,. Retrieved 2008-04-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  12. ^ Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). "Search results" (HTML). Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Retrieved 2008-04-17.
  13. ^ Landcare Research. "1 *A. cherimola Miller, Gard. Dict. ed. 8 (1768)" (HTML). New Zealand Plant Names Database. Landcare Research Allan Herbarium and New Zealand Plant Names Database. Retrieved 2008-04-17. Cherimoya is cultivated in warmer parts of the North Id, especially in the Bay of Plenty. Frs form regularly in the North Id but apparently never form on Raoul.
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