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Witnesses reported that Hasan appeared to focus on soldiers in uniform.<ref>McKinley, James C. Jr., "After Years Of Growing Tensions, 7 Minutes Of Bloodshed", ''[[New York Times]]'', November 9, 2009, p. 1.</ref> Thirteen people (12 soldiers and one civilian) were killed; 11 died at the scene, and two later in a hospital.<ref name="MSNBC 2" /><ref name="USA Today 3" /> Thirty others were wounded before Hasan was shot at least four times by local police officers.<ref name="Google" />
Witnesses reported that Hasan appeared to focus on soldiers in uniform.<ref>McKinley, James C. Jr., "After Years Of Growing Tensions, 7 Minutes Of Bloodshed", ''[[New York Times]]'', November 9, 2009, p. 1.</ref> Thirteen people (12 soldiers and one civilian) were killed; 11 died at the scene, and two later in a hospital.<ref name="MSNBC 2" /><ref name="USA Today 3" /> Thirty others were wounded before Hasan was shot at least four times by local police officers.<ref name="Google" />


Sergeant Kimberly Munley, who had arrived on the scene within three minutes of receiving the report of an emergency at the center, encountered Hasan exiting the building in pursuit of a wounded soldier. Munley and Hasan exchanged shots; Munley was hit three times: twice through her left leg and once in her right wrist, knocking her to the ground.<ref name="NYT 12" /> In the meantime, civilian police officer Sergeant Mark Todd arrived and fired at Hasan. Todd said: "He was firing at people as they were trying to run and hide. Then he turned and fired a couple of rounds at me. I didn't hear him say a word, he just turned and fired."<ref name="Telegraph 3" /> Hasan was hit and felled by shots from Todd and Munley.<ref name="MT 4" /><ref name="Stripes 1" /> Todd approached the wounded shooter, kicked a pistol out of his hand, and placed him in handcuffs as Hasan fell unconscious.<ref name="AP 6" />
Sergeant Kimberly Munley, who had arrived on the scene within three minutes of receiving the report of an emergency at the center, encountered Hasan exiting the building in pursuit of a wounded soldier. Munley and Hasan exchanged shots; Munley was hit three times: twice through her left leg and once in her right wrist, knocking her to the ground.<ref name="NYT 12" /> In the meantime, civilian police officer Sergeant Mark Todd arrived and fired at Hasan. Todd said: "He was firing at people as they were trying to run and hide. Then he turned and fired a couple of rounds at me. I didn't hear him say a word, he just turned and fired."<ref name="Telegraph 3" /> Hasan was hit and felled by shots from Todd and Munley.<ref name="Stripes 1" /><ref name="MT 4" /> Todd approached the wounded shooter, kicked a pistol out of his hand, and placed him in handcuffs as Hasan fell unconscious.<ref name="AP 6" />


The incident lasted about 10 minutes.<ref name="L.A.Times 1" /> Initially, three soldiers were believed to have been involved in the shooting; two other soldiers were detained, but subsequently released. The [[Fort Hood]] website posted a notice indicating that the shooting was not a drill. Immediately after the shooting, the base and surrounding areas, including a number of local schools, were [[Lockdown|locked down]] by [[military police]] and [[SWAT]] teams for approximately five hours; it was lifted around 7 p.m., [[CST|local time]].<ref name="Statesman" /> In addition to military police and local civilian police, [[FBI]] agents were called in from [[Austin, Texas|Austin]] and [[Waco, Texas|Waco]],<ref name="BBC" /> and [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Rangers]] were dispatched.<ref name="Houston Chronicle" /> [[White House Press Secretary|White House press secretary]] [[Robert Gibbs]] told reporters that [[United States President]] [[Barack Obama]] was briefed on the incident; Obama later made a statement about the shooting.<ref name="CNN" />
The incident lasted about 10 minutes.<ref name="L.A.Times 1" /> Initially, three soldiers were believed to have been involved in the shooting; two other soldiers were detained, but subsequently released. The [[Fort Hood]] website posted a notice indicating that the shooting was not a drill. Immediately after the shooting, the base and surrounding areas, including a number of local schools, were [[Lockdown|locked down]] by [[military police]] and [[SWAT]] teams for approximately five hours; it was lifted around 7 p.m., [[CST|local time]].<ref name="Statesman" /> In addition to military police and local civilian police, [[FBI]] agents were called in from [[Austin, Texas|Austin]] and [[Waco, Texas|Waco]],<ref name="BBC" /> and [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Rangers]] were dispatched.<ref name="Houston Chronicle" /> [[White House Press Secretary|White House press secretary]] [[Robert Gibbs]] told reporters that [[United States President]] [[Barack Obama]] was briefed on the incident; Obama later made a statement about the shooting.<ref name="CNN" />

Revision as of 13:57, 14 November 2009

Fort Hood shooting
Location of the main cantonment of Fort Hood in Bell County, Texas
LocationFort Hood, Texas,
United States
DateNovember 5, 2009
ca. 1:34 p.m. (CST)
Attack type
Mass shooting
Deaths13[1]
Injured30[1]

In the Fort Hood shooting of November 5, 2009, a gunman opened fire in the Soldier Readiness Center of Fort Hood — the most populous United States military base in the world, located just outside Killeen, Texas — killing 13 people and wounding 30 others.[2] Nidal Malik Hasan, a U.S. Army Major and psychiatrist, was shot and incapacitated by civilian police officers and later charged in the shootings.[3][4]

Hasan was hospitalized on a ventilator and by November 9 was conscious and able to talk.[5] He is being held under heavy guard and treated at an undisclosed area of Brooke Army Medical Center at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas.[6] On November 12, he was charged with 13 counts of premeditated murder and may face additional charges at court-martial.[4] While no motive for the attack has been determined, investigators are examining Hasan's past communications with a radical Muslim leader, links to Pakistan and previous statements critical of military policy.[7]

Shootings

Hasan entered his work, the Soldier Readiness Center — where personnel receive routine medical treatment immediately prior to and on return from deployment — at approximately 1:34 p.m. CST. According to eyewitnesses, he took a seat at an empty table, bowed his head for several seconds,[8] then stood up and opened fire at soldiers processing through cubicles in the center and on a crowd gathered for a college graduation ceremony scheduled for 2 p.m. in a nearby theater.[9] Initially, Hasan reportedly jumped up on a desk and shouted: "Allahu Akbar!",[10][11] before allegedly firing more than 100 rounds.[12] He had two handguns: an FN Five-seven semi-automatic pistol, which he had purchased at a civilian gun store,[13] and a .357 Magnum Smith & Wesson revolver that he may not have used.[14] A medic who treated Hasan said the pockets of his combat fatigues were full of pistol magazines.[15]

File:Forthoodmap2.png
Map of Fort Hood. The red dot indicates the location of the Soldier Readiness Processing Center, where the shootings took place

Witnesses reported that Hasan appeared to focus on soldiers in uniform.[16] Thirteen people (12 soldiers and one civilian) were killed; 11 died at the scene, and two later in a hospital.[17][18] Thirty others were wounded before Hasan was shot at least four times by local police officers.[19]

Sergeant Kimberly Munley, who had arrived on the scene within three minutes of receiving the report of an emergency at the center, encountered Hasan exiting the building in pursuit of a wounded soldier. Munley and Hasan exchanged shots; Munley was hit three times: twice through her left leg and once in her right wrist, knocking her to the ground.[20] In the meantime, civilian police officer Sergeant Mark Todd arrived and fired at Hasan. Todd said: "He was firing at people as they were trying to run and hide. Then he turned and fired a couple of rounds at me. I didn't hear him say a word, he just turned and fired."[21] Hasan was hit and felled by shots from Todd and Munley.[3][22] Todd approached the wounded shooter, kicked a pistol out of his hand, and placed him in handcuffs as Hasan fell unconscious.[23]

The incident lasted about 10 minutes.[24] Initially, three soldiers were believed to have been involved in the shooting; two other soldiers were detained, but subsequently released. The Fort Hood website posted a notice indicating that the shooting was not a drill. Immediately after the shooting, the base and surrounding areas, including a number of local schools, were locked down by military police and SWAT teams for approximately five hours; it was lifted around 7 p.m., local time.[25] In addition to military police and local civilian police, FBI agents were called in from Austin and Waco,[26] and Texas Rangers were dispatched.[27] White House press secretary Robert Gibbs told reporters that United States President Barack Obama was briefed on the incident; Obama later made a statement about the shooting.[1]

Casualties

A victim of the shooting is transported on a table to a waiting ambulance

The 43 casualties of the shooting comprised 13 dead (12 soldiers; 1 army civilian employee), and 30 wounded who were hospitalized with gunshot wounds.[1][2] Ten of the injured were treated at Scott & White Memorial Hospital, a Level 1 trauma center in Temple, Texas.[28] Seven more wounded victims were taken to Metroplex Adventist Hospital in Killeen.[28] Eight others received hospital treatment for shock.[2]

As of November 9, 15 soldiers remained hospitalized, 8 in intensive care.[29]

Of those wounded at least 17 are servicemembers, and at least 7 are civilians.[30]

Fatalities

The 14 killed were:

Name Age Hometown Rank or Occupation
Michael Grant Cahill[31] 62 Spokane, Washington Civilian Physician Assistant
L. Eduardo Caraveo[32] 52 Woodbridge, Virginia Major
Justin Michael DeCrow[33] 32 Plymouth, Indiana Staff Sergeant
John P. Gaffaney[34] 56 Serra Mesa, California Captain[35]
Frederick Greene[31] 29 Mountain City, Tennessee Specialist
Jason Dean Hunt[31] 22 Tipton, Oklahoma Specialist
Amy Sue Krueger[31] 29 Kiel, Wisconsin Sergeant
Aaron Thomas Nemelka[31] 19 West Jordan, Utah Private First Class
Michael S. Pearson[36] 22 Bolingbrook, Illinois Private First Class
Russell Gilbert Seager[30] 51 Racine, Wisconsin Captain[37]
Francheska Velez ‡[38] 21 Chicago, Illinois Private First Class
Juanita L. Warman[30] 55 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Lieutenant Colonel[39]
Kham See Xiong[31] 23 Saint Paul, Minnesota Private First Class
‡ Francheska Velez was pregnant at the time of her death.[40]

Suspect

Main article: Nidal Malik Hasan
Major Nidal Hasan

Major Nidal Malik Hasan, a 39-year-old American-born Muslim of Palestinian descent, who is a U.S. Army psychiatrist and MD, is the sole suspect in the shootings.

According to one of his cousins, Hasan is a practicing Muslim who became more devout after the deaths of his parents in 1998 and 2001.[41] His cousin did not recall him ever expressing any radical or anti-American views.[41] Hasan's cousin, Nader Hasan, a lawyer in Virginia, said that Nidal Hasan turned against the wars after hearing the stories of those who came back from Afghanistan and Iraq.[42]

Hasan attended the Dar al-Hijrah mosque in Falls Church, Virginia, in 2001, at the same time as two of the hijackers in the September 11 attacks, Nawaf al-Hazmi and Hani Hanjour,[43][44] but it is not known whether or not Hasan encountered them.[45] Hasan has expressed admiration for the teachings of Anwar al-Awlaki, who was the mosque's imam at the time.[46] Hasan had also given a classroom presentation that, according to Associated Press, "justified suicide bombings."[47]

Hasan was investigated by the FBI after intelligence agencies intercepted 10 to 20 emails over several months starting in December 2008 until early 2009 with Awlaki, who was under surveillance. Army employees were informed of the contacts, but there was no threat was perceived from the general questions about spiritual guidance regarding conflicts between Islam and military service, which were judged to be consistent with mental health research about Muslims in the armed services.[48] A DC-based joint terrorism task force that operates under the FBI was notified, and the information reviewed by one of its Defense Criminal Investigative Service employees. The assessment concluded there was not sufficient information for a larger investigation.[49] Despite two Defense Department investigators on two joint task forces having looked into Hasan's communications, higher-ups at the Department of Defense stated they were not notified before the incident of such investigations.[50] In July 2009 he had been transferred from Washington's Walter Reed Medical Center to Fort Hood.

Hasan gave away furniture from his home on the morning of the shooting, saying he was going to be deployed. He also handed out copies of the Qur'an, along with his business cards which listed a Maryland phone number and read "Behavioral Heatlh [sic] - Mental Health - Life Skills | Nidal Hasan, MD, MPH | SoA(SWT) | Psychiatrist".[51][52] According to Jeff Sadoski, spokesperson of U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison, Hasan was upset about his deployment[53] to Afghanistan[54] on November 28. Noel Hamad, Hasan's aunt,[55] said that the family was not aware he was being sent to Afghanistan.[56]

According to National Public Radio (NPR), officials at Walter Reed had repeatedly expressed concern about Hasan's behavior for the entire six years that he was there. During that time period, Hasan's supervisors had repeatedly given him poor evaluations and warned him that he was doing substandard work. During the spring of 2008, and some other times afterward, several key officials had meetings to discuss what to do about Hasan. According to NPR, attendees of these meetings reportedly included the chief of psychiatry at Walter Reed, the chairman of the Psychiatry Department at USUHS, the assistant chair of the Psychiatry Department and director of Hasan's psychiatry fellowship, another assistant chairman of psychiatry at USUHS, another psychiatrist, and the director of the psychiatric residency program at Walter Reed. According to NPR, both fellow students and faculty were strongly troubled by Hasan's behavior, which they described as being, "disconnected," "aloof," "paranoid," "belligerent," and "schizoid."[57]

Possible motivation

Immediately after the shooting, analysts and public officials openly debated Hasan's motive and preceding psychological state: A military activist, Selena Coppa, said: "This man was a psychiatrist and was working with other psychiatrists every day and they failed to notice how deeply disturbed someone right in their midst was."[21]

U.S. Senator Joseph Lieberman called for a probe by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, which he chairs. Lieberman said "it's premature to reach conclusions about what motivated Hasan ... I think it's very important to let the Army and the FBI go forward with this investigation before we reach any conclusions."[58][59]

Michael Welner M.D., a leading forensic psychiatrist with experience examining mass shooters, said that the shooting had elements common to both ideological and workplace mass shootings.[60] Dr. Welner, who believed the motivation was to create a "spectacle", said that a trauma care worker, even one afflicted with stress, would not be expected to be homicidal toward his patients unless his ideology trumped his Hippocratic oath–and this was borne out in his shouting "Allahu Akhbar" as he killed the unarmed.[60] An analyst of terror investigations, Carl Tobias, said that the attack did not fit the profile of terrorism, and was more reminiscent of the Virginia Tech shooting.[61]

However, Michael Scheuer, the retired former head of the Bin Laden Issue Station, and former U.S. Attorney General Michael Mukasey[62] have called the event a terrorist attack,[61] as has Fox News contributor Walid Phares.[63] Retired General Barry McCaffrey said on Anderson Cooper 360° that "it's starting to appear as if this was a domestic terrorist attack on fellow soldiers by a major in the Army who we educated for six years while he was giving off these vibes of disloyalty to his own force."[64]

Brian Levin of the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism wrote that the case sits at the crossroads of crime, terrorism, and mental distress.[65] He compared the possible role of religion to the beliefs of Scott Roeder, a devout Christian who murdered Dr. George Tiller, who practiced abortion. Such offenders "often self-radicalize from a volatile mix of personal distress, psychological issues, and an ideology that can be sculpted to justify and explain their anti-social leanings."[65]

Reaction

File:Army mil-55426-2009-11-07-141147.jpg
Chief of Staff Gen. George W. Casey, Jr. (right) and Army Secretary John McHugh discuss the shootings at a press conference at Fort Hood the day after the shootings.

In the hours immediately after the shooting, other U.S. military bases stepped up their security measures.[66][67]

Lieutenant General Robert W. Cone, commander of III Corps at Fort Hood, called the attack "a terrible tragedy, stunning", saying the base community was "absolutely devastated."[68] He said that terrorism was not being ruled out, but preliminary evidence did not suggest that the the shooting was terrorism.[69] A spokesman for the Defense Department called the shooting an "isolated and tragic case",[70] and Defense Secretary Robert Gates pledged that his department would do "everything in its power to help the Fort Hood community get through these difficult times."[71] The chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Carl Levin, expressed condolences to the families of those who lost their lives and those who were injured.[71]

President Barack Obama,[1] Vice President Joe Biden,[72] and former President George W. Bush issued statements of support and sympathy for the victims,[73] as did other prominent American politicians. Texas Governor Rick Perry and Senators Kay Bailey Hutchison and John Cornyn also issued messages of shock and sympathy.[26][74]

U.S. President Barack Obama at the memorial for the victims of the shootings at Fort Hood

The U.S. President's initial response to the attack came as he was about to make a speech at the Tribal Nations Conference for America’s 564 federally recognized Native American tribes. Obama has received criticism from the media for not opening his speech by addressing the shooting, and for using colloquialisms in addressing the conference itself and members of the audience,[75][76][77] in contrast to his remarks at a memorial service for dead service men and women, on November 10.[78]

Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano stated "we object to–and do not believe–that anti-Muslim sentiment should emanate from this ... This was an individual who does not, obviously, represent the Muslim faith."[79] Chief of Staff Gen. George W. Casey, Jr. said "I'm concerned that this increased speculation could cause a backlash against some of our Muslim soldiers ... Our diversity, not only in our Army, but in our country, is a strength. And as horrific as this tragedy was, if our diversity becomes a casualty, I think that’s worse."[80]

The Council on American-Islamic Relations condemned the shooting, expressing prayers for the victims and condolences for their families.[81][82] President of the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, Paul Helmke, said that "This latest tragedy, at a heavily fortified army base, ought to convince more Americans to reject the argument that the solution to gun violence is to arm more people with more guns in more places."[83] However, neither military-issued nor personal weapons may be carried about the base by typical soldiers. Lt. General Cone stated the on-base firearm policy: "As a matter of practice, we do not carry weapons on Fort Hood. This is our home."[84] Military weapons are only used for training or by base security, and personal weapons must be kept locked away by the provost marshal.[85] Specialist Jerry Richard, a soldier working at the Readiness Center, expressed the opinion that this policy had left them unnecessarily vulnerable to violent assaults: "Overseas you are ready for it. But here you can't even defend yourself."[86] The League of United Latin American Citizens issued a statement referring to the loss of a "LULAC family member".[87]

Michael Kern, the President of the Fort Hood Iraq Veterans Against the War chapter attempted to hand President Obama a statement from the organization, when the President visited his barracks on November 10, 2009. The statement in part demanded that the military radically overhaul its mental health care system and halt the practice of repeated deployment of the same troops.[88]

Soon after the attack, a posting on Anwar al-Awlaki's website praised Hasan for the shooting, and encouraged other Muslims serving in the military to "follow in the footsteps of men like Nidal."[46] The Los Angeles Times reported that the posting could not be confirmed to have been authored by Awlaki.[89]

Investigation and prosecution

The criminal investigation is being conducted jointly by the FBI, the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command, and the Texas Rangers Division.[90] Hasan is being represented by Belton, Texas-based Colonel John P. Galligan, who has said that he had asked authorities to postpone questioning Hasan until he has had a chance to speak with him.[91]

As a member of the military, Hasan is subject to the jurisdiction of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (military law). While regaining consciousness and being able to communicate since November 9, Hasan has refused to talk to investigators.[92] Shortly after the killing spree, speculation arose that the murders constituted an act of terrorism, and that Hasan could be tried under Federal law.[93] On November 12, Hasan was charged with 13 counts of premeditated murder by the military and may face additional additional charges at court-martial. It is being considered if he should be charged with a 14th count based on the unborn child of one of the victims.[4][94][95] If civilian prosecutors indict him for being part of a terrorist plot it could justify moving his case into federal criminal courts under U.S. anti-terrorism laws.[96][97]

The military justice system rarely carries out capital punishment — even in mass murder cases — and no executions have been carried out since 1961.[98][97] A Rasmussen national survey found that 65% of Americans favor the death penalty in Hasan's case.[99]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Neighbors: Alleged Fort Hood gunman emptied apartment". Fort Hood, Texas: CNN. November 6, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  2. ^ a b c "Lawmakers' briefing causes confusion on wounded". Associated Press. November 6, 2009.
  3. ^ a b McCloskey, Megan, "Civilian police officer acted quickly to help subdue alleged gunman", Stars and Stripes, November 8, 2009.
  4. ^ a b c "Fort Hood suspect charged with murder". Fort Hood, Texas: CNN. November 12, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  5. ^ Khabrein Indian Journal http://www.khabrein.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28938&Itemid=1
  6. ^ Austin American-Statesman, November 7, 2009
  7. ^ "Pakistan Link To Fort Hood Army Massacre". November 14, 2009. Retrieved November 14, 2009.
  8. ^ Peter baker and Clifford Krauss, "President, at Service, Hails Fort Hood’s Fallen," New York Times, November 10, 2009, found at New York Times archives. Retrieved November 11, 2009. Cite error: The named reference "NYT 8" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  9. ^ Anne (November 5, 2009). "Army: At least 1 Hood shooter in custody". Military Times. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  10. ^ "Fort Hood shootings: the meaning of 'Allahu Akbar'". The Telegraph. November 6, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  11. ^ "Local Soldier Describes Fort Hood Shooting". KMBC-TV Kansas City Ch.9. November 6, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  12. ^ "Survival, courage in tragedy at Fort Hood". Kansascity.com. November 6, 2009. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
  13. ^ "AP Sources: 1 rampage gun purchased legally". Retrieved November 8, 2009.
  14. ^ Cuomo, Chris (November 6, 2009). "Alleged Fort Hood Shooter Nidal Malik Hasan Was 'Calm,' Methodical During Massacre". ABC News. Retrieved November 6, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "Hash Browns, Then 4 Minutes of Chaos". Wall Street Journal. November 7, 2009. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  16. ^ McKinley, James C. Jr., "After Years Of Growing Tensions, 7 Minutes Of Bloodshed", New York Times, November 9, 2009, p. 1.
  17. ^ "Gunman kills 12, wounds 31 at Fort Hood". MSNBC. November 5, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  18. ^ Jayson, Sharon (November 6, 2009). "'Horrific' rampage stuns Army's Fort Hood". USA Today. Retrieved November 6, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Carlton, Jeff (November 6, 2009). "Ft. Hood suspect reportedly shouted `Allahu Akbar'". Associated Press. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  20. ^ McKINLEY Jr., JAMES (November 12, 2009). "Second Officer Gives an Account of the Shooting at Ft. Hood". New York Times. Retrieved November 12, 2009.
  21. ^ a b Fort Hood gunman had told U.S. military colleagues that infidels should have their throats cut, The Telegraph, UK, by Nick Allen, Published: 5:00PM GMT Nov 8, 2009. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
  22. ^ Breed, Allen G. (November 6, 2009). "Soldiers say carnage could have been worse". Military Times. Retrieved November 7, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ Root, Jay (Associated Press), "Officer Gives Account Of The Firefight At Fort Hood", Arizona Republic, November 8, 2009.
  24. ^ Powers, Ashley (November 6, 2009). "Tales of terror and heroism emerge from Ft. Hood". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 6, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ "Officials: Fort Hood no longer on lockdown; suspect identified". The Statesman. November 5, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  26. ^ a b "Twelve shot dead at US army base". BBC News. November 5, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  27. ^ "Perry sends Rangers to help secure Fort Hood". Houston Chronicle. November 5, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  28. ^ a b "Local hospitals treating victims". The Statesman. November 5, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  29. ^ "Fort Hood update: 15 soldiers remain hospitalized". November 9, 2009. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help); Text "http://www.necn.com/Boston/NECN-Extra/2009/11/09/Fort-Hood-update-15-soldiers/1257791399.html" ignored (help); Text "url" ignored (help)
  30. ^ a b c "Fort Hood shooting victims". My San Antonio. November 7, 2009. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  31. ^ a b c d e f "Fort Hood victims: Sons, a daughter, mother-to-be". CNN. November 6, 2009. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  32. ^ Younger, Jamar (November 7, 2009). "Ex-Tucson teacher among dead at Ft. Hood". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  33. ^ Ryckaert, Vic (November 7, 2009). "Hoosier killed in shooting joined Army in search of a better life". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  34. ^ KAREN KUCHER (November 6, 2009). "Serra Mesa Army reservist among those killed at Fort Hood". San Diego Union Tribune. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  35. ^ WSJ Staff (November 6, 2009). "Fort Hood Profiles: Capt. John Gaffaney". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  36. ^ "Bolingbrook Soldier Among 13 Killed At Fort Hood". CBS Chicago. November 6, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  37. ^ WSJ Staff (November 8, 2009). "Fort Hood Profiles: Capt. Russell Seager". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 8, 2009.
  38. ^ "Army families mourn bright lives cut short". The Chicago Tribune. November 7, 2009. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  39. ^ WSJ Staff (November 9, 2009). "Fort Hood Profiles: Lt. Col. Juanita Warman". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
  40. ^ Peter Slevin (November 6, 2009). "Francheska Velez, who had disarmed bombs in Iraq, was pregnant and headed home". Washington Post.
  41. ^ a b Dao, James (November 5, 2009). "Suspect Was 'Mortified' About Deployment". New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2009.
  42. ^ "Sources Identify Major as Gunman in Deadly Shooting Rampage at Fort Hood". Fox News. November 5, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  43. ^ Fort Hood shooting: Texas army killer linked to September 11 terrorists, The Telegraph, November 7, 2009
  44. ^ Alleged Shooter Tied to Mosque of 9 / 11 Hijackers, The New York Times, November 8, 2009
  45. ^ "Hasan's Computer Reveals No Terror Ties," KNX 1070, November 9, 2009
  46. ^ a b By PAMELA HESS and EILEEN SULLIVAN (AP) – 1 day ago. "The Associated Press: Radical imam praises alleged Fort Hood shooter". Google.com. Retrieved November 10, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  47. ^ Clear warning signs, Hasan’s colleagues say, Associated Press/MSNBC, November 7, 2009
  48. ^ "FBI reassessing past look at Fort Hood suspect". November 10, 2009.
  49. ^ CBS News Nov. 11, 2009 Hasan's Ties Spark Government Blame Game
  50. ^ Martha Raddatz, Brian ross, Mary-Rose Abraham, Rehab El-Buri, Senior Official: More Hasan Ties to People Under Investigation by FBI, November 10, 2009.
  51. ^ "Who is Maj. Milik Hasan?". KXXV. November 6, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  52. ^ Plunkett, Jack. "AP Photo". Associated Press. Retrieved November 10, 2009. This photograph taken on Friday, Nov. 6, 2009 in Killeen, Texas, shows a copy of the Quran and a briefcase holding this business card that Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan gave to his neighbor a day before going on a shooting spree at the Fort Hood Army Base. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  53. ^ Newman, Maria (November 5, 2009). "12 Dead, 31 Wounded in Base Shootings". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
  54. ^ Barnes, Julian (November 6, 2009). "Fort Hood victims bound for Dover Air Force Base". KFSM, LA Times. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  55. ^ Durawa, Kevin; Alleged Fort Hood Shooter in a Coma; News10; November 6, 2009. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
  56. ^ "Military: Fort Hood suspect is alive". USA Today. November 5, 2009. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
  57. ^ Walter Reed Officials Asked: Was Hasan Psychotic?, NPR, November 11, 2009
  58. ^ "CQ Transcript: Reps. Van Hollen, Pence, Sen. Lieberman Gov.-elect McDonnell on 'Fox News Sunday'". November 8, 2009. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
  59. ^ Johnson, Bridget (November 9, 2009). "Lieberman wants probe into 'terrorist attack' by major on Fort Hood". The Hill. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
  60. ^ a b Fort Hood Mass Shooter Major Hasan was not a 'sleeper' says Forensic Psychiatrist Dr. Michael Welner, http://www.newenglishreview.org/blog_display.cfm/blog_id/23960
  61. ^ a b "Terrorism or Tragic Shooting? Analysts Divided on Fort Hood Massacre". Fox News. November 7, 2009. Retrieved November 8, 2009. The authorities have not ruled out terrorism in the shooting, but they said the preliminary evidence suggests that it wasn't.
  62. ^ Reilly, Ryan (November 9, 2009). "Mukasey Says Fort Hood Attack Was Terrorism". Main Justice. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
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