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http://moore-mccormack.com/images/ROBIN%20DONCASTER%20%28US%29%281941%29%28Robin%29%208x10%20copy.jpg |title=Robin Doncaster |publisher=Moore-McCormack |accessdate=13 May 2011}}</ref> Her [[Code Letters]] were WMRD.<ref name=NOAA55>{{cite web|url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/metadata/wmo47/cdmp_1955-72/wmo47-1955.pdf |title=International List of Selected and Supplementary Ships, 1955 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate=13 May 2011}}</ref> On 9 January 1952, ''Robin Doncaster'' was in collision with the [[tugboat|tug]] ''Ruth'' which was towing the [[barge]] ''Agram''. The collision occurred because of confusion over signals given, and the presence of {{SS|Mormacpenn|1942|2}} which was also attempting to pass ''Ruth''. Although agreement was made between ''Mormacpenn'' and ''Ruth'' as to how the ships would pass, no such agreement was made between ''Robin Doncaster'' and ''Ruth''. ''Robin Doncaster'' desired to pass port-to-port, whereas ''Ruth'' desired the pass to be starboard-to-starboard. After colliding with ''Ruth'', she then collided with ''Agram'', damaging the barge beyond economic repair. The New York Company, the owners of the barge, successfully sued the Seas Shipping Company Inc for damages. Robert B. Wathen, the owner of ''Ruth'' was successful in his appeal to be exonerated from blame for the collision, which was placed squarely on the ''Robin Doncaster''.<ref name=Collision>{{cite web |url=http://openjurist.org/233/f2d/889/the-new-york-company-the-agram-v-the-robin-doncaster-b-wathen-the-ruth-b-wathen |title=233 F. 2d 889 - The New York Company the Agram v. The Robin Doncaster B Wathen the Ruth |publisher=The Open Jurist |accessdate=13 May 2011}}</ref>
http://moore-mccormack.com/images/ROBIN%20DONCASTER%20%28US%29%281941%29%28Robin%29%208x10%20copy.jpg |title=Robin Doncaster |publisher=Moore-McCormack |accessdate=13 May 2011}}</ref> Her [[Code Letters]] were WMRD.<ref name=NOAA55>{{cite web|url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/metadata/wmo47/cdmp_1955-72/wmo47-1955.pdf |title=International List of Selected and Supplementary Ships, 1955 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate=13 May 2011}}</ref> On 9 January 1952, ''Robin Doncaster'' was in collision with the [[tugboat|tug]] ''Ruth'' which was towing the [[barge]] ''Agram''. The collision occurred because of confusion over signals given, and the presence of {{SS|Mormacpenn|1942|2}} which was also attempting to pass ''Ruth''. Although agreement was made between ''Mormacpenn'' and ''Ruth'' as to how the ships would pass, no such agreement was made between ''Robin Doncaster'' and ''Ruth''. ''Robin Doncaster'' desired to pass port-to-port, whereas ''Ruth'' desired the pass to be starboard-to-starboard. After colliding with ''Ruth'', she then collided with ''Agram'', damaging the barge beyond economic repair. The New York Company, the owners of the barge, successfully sued the Seas Shipping Company Inc for damages. Robert B. Wathen, the owner of ''Ruth'' was successful in his appeal to be exonerated from blame for the collision, which was placed squarely on the ''Robin Doncaster''.<ref name=Collision>{{cite web |url=http://openjurist.org/233/f2d/889/the-new-york-company-the-agram-v-the-robin-doncaster-b-wathen-the-ruth-b-wathen |title=233 F. 2d 889 - The New York Company the Agram v. The Robin Doncaster B Wathen the Ruth |publisher=The Open Jurist |accessdate=13 May 2011}}</ref>


In 1957, ''Robin Doncaster'' was sold to Flying Gull Inc and renamed ''Flying Gull''. She was operated under the management of Isbrandtsen & Co Inc,<ref name=Ponl/> retaining the Code Letters WMRD.<ref name=NOAA59>{{cite web |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/metadata/wmo47/cdmp_1955-72/wmo47-1959.pdf |title=International List of Selected and Supplementary Ships, 1959 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate=13 May 2011}}</ref>''Flying Gull'' was sold to American Export Lines in 1962. She was transferred to American Export Isbrandtsen Lines Incserved until 1968. She arrived on 21 June 1968 at [[Bilbao]], [[Spain]] for scrapping by Hierros Arbulu.<ref name=Ponl/>
In 1957, ''Robin Doncaster'' was sold to Flying Gull Inc and renamed ''Flying Gull''. She was operated under the management of Isbrandtsen & Co Inc,<ref name=Ponl/> retaining the Code Letters WMRD.<ref name=NOAA59>{{cite web |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/metadata/wmo47/cdmp_1955-72/wmo47-1959.pdf |title=International List of Selected and Supplementary Ships, 1959 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate=13 May 2011}}</ref> ''Flying Gull'' was sold to American Export Lines in 1962. She was transferred to American Export Isbrandtsen Lines Inc in 1966.<ref name=Ponl/> About this time, ''Flying Gull'' was involved in a collision when she was hit by {{SS|Batus||2}} at [[Kobe]], [[Japan]]. Repairs took a week to complete.<ref name=Boom>{{cite web|url=http://74.6.238.254/search/srpcache?ei=UTF-8&p=%22Flying+Gull%22+Isbrandtsen&fr=my-myy&u=http://cc.bingj.com/cache.aspx?q=%22Flying+Gull%22+Isbrandtsen&d=4726577340809760&mkt=en-US&setlang=en-US&w=222c5fc0,58807b80&icp=1&.intl=us&sig=sHWbhrbowcvMrTuvoGIYgQ-- |title=''untitled'' |publisher=Boom Ships |date=Archived on 4 April 2011 |accessdate=13 May 2011}}</ref> ''Flying Gull'' served until 1968. She arrived on 21 June 1968 at [[Bilbao]], [[Spain]] for scrapping by Hierros Arbulu.<ref name=Ponl/>


<ref name=Mariners>{{cite web |url=http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/EmpireC.html |title=EMPIRE - C |publisher=Mariners |accessdate=10 May 2011}}</ref>
<ref name=Mariners>{{cite web |url=http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/EmpireC.html |title=EMPIRE - C |publisher=Mariners |accessdate=10 May 2011}}</ref>

Revision as of 15:00, 13 May 2011

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New ship article

For other ships with the same name, see SS Empire Curlew.
History
Namelist error: <br /> list (help)
Robin Doncaster (1940-41)
Empire Crusoe (1941-42)
Robin Doncaster (1942-44)
USS Robin Doncaster (1944-46)
Robin Doncaster (1946-57)
Flying Gull (1957-68)
Ownerlist error: <br /> list (help)
United States Maritime Commission (1940-41)
Ministry of War Transport (1941-42)
United States Maritime Commission (1942-44)
United States Navy (1944-46)
United States Maritime Commission (1946-48)
Seas Shipping Co Inc (1948-57)
Flying Gull Inc (1957-62)
American Export Isbrandtsen Lines Inc (1962-66)
Operatorlist error: <br /> list (help)
Donaldson Line (1941-42)
United States Maritime Commission (1942-44)
United States Navy (1944-46)
United States Maritime Commission (1946-48)
Seas Shipping Co Inc (1948-57)
Isbrandtsen & Co Inc (1957-62)
American Export Isbrandtsen Lines Inc (1962-66)
Port of registrylist error: <br /> list (help)
United States New York (1940-41)
United Kingdom United Kingdom (1941-42)
United States New York (1942-44)
United States United States Navy (1944-46)
United States New York (1946-66)
BuilderBethlehem Steel Co
Cost$2,250,000
Yard number4342
Completed16 April 1941
CommissionedJanuary 1944
DecommissionedApril 1946
Maiden voyage14 April 1941
Out of serviceApril 1942 - January 1944
Identificationlist error: <br /> list (help)
United States Official Number 240462 (1941, 1942-66)
United Kingdom Official Number 168169 (1941-42)
Code Letters WMRD (1947-66)
FateScrapped in 1966
General characteristics
Class and typelist error: <br /> list (help)
Type C2-S cargo ship (1940-41)
Cargo liner (1944-66)
Tonnagelist error: <br /> list (help)
7,101 GRT
4,258 NRT
9,970 DWT
Lengthlist error: <br /> list (help)
479 feet 8 inches (146.20 m)overall
450 feet 0 inches (137.16 m) between perpendiculars
Beam66 feet 0 inches (20.12 m) maximum
Draft27 feet 0 inches (8.23 m)
Depth43 feet 0 inches (13.11 m)
PropulsionTwo steam turbines, single screw propeller
Speedlist error: <br /> list (help)
18.17 knots (33.65 km/h) maximum
15.5 knots (28.7 km/h) service speed
Range18,500 nautical miles (34,300 km)
Capacitylist error: <br /> list (help)
593,655 cubic feet (16,810.4 m3) bale capacity
659,215 cubic feet (18,666.9 m3) grain capacity
11,530 cubic feet (326 m3) refrigerated cargo space
3,485 cubic feet (98.7 m3) special cargo space
612 long tons (622 t) water
2,012 long tons (2,044 t) coal
12 passengers
Crew43

SS Robin Doncaster was a 7,101 GRT cargo liner that was built in 1940 as a Type C2-S cargo ship by Bethlehem Steel Co, Sparrows Point, Maryland, United States for the United States Maritime Commission (USMC). On completion in April 1941, she was transferred to the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT) and renamed Empire Curlew. In 1942, she was transferred to the USMC, regaining her former name Robin Doncaster. She was rebuilt as a troop transport, and entered service with the United States Navy as USS Robin Doncaster in January 1944. She was returned to the USMC in April 1946 and was sold to Seas Shipping Co Inc in 1948. In 1957, she was sold to Isbrandtsen Lines and was renamed Flying Gull. Sold to American Export Lines in 1962, she served until she was scrapped in 1968.

Description

The ship was built in 1940 by Bethlehem Steel Co, Sparrows Point, Maryland.[1] She was Yard Number 4342,[2] and cost $2,250,000.[3]

The ship was 479 feet 8 inches (146.20 m) long overall (450 feet 0 inches (137.16 m) between perpendiculars), with a beam of 66 feet 0 inches (20.12 m). She had a depth of 34 feet 2 inches (10.41 m), and a draft of 27 feet 0 inches (8.23 m). She was assessed at 7,101 GRT, 4,258 NRT.[4] Her DWT was 9,970.[2]

The ship was propelled by two steam turbines, driving a single screw propeller of 20 feet 0 inches (6.10 m) diameter.[4] The turbines were made by Bethlehem Steel's SR division, Quincy, Massachusetts.[5] Rated at 6,300 shp and driving the propeller at 85 rpm, they could propel her at a normal service speed of 15.5 knots (28.7 km/h), with a maximum speed of 18.17 knots (33.65 km/h).[4]

As built, Robin Doncaster had a bale capacity of 593,655 cubic feet (16,810.4 m3), or a grain capacity of 659,215 cubic feet (18,666.9 m3), as well as capacity for 11,530 cubic feet (326 m3) of refrigerated cargo,[4] and 3,485 cubic feet (98.7 m3) special cargo space in five holds.[3] Carrying 612 long tons (622 t) water and 2,012 long tons (2,044 t) coal, she had a range of 18,500 nautical miles (34,300 km). She had a crew of 43 and could carry twelve passengers.[4] The ship had sixteen 5-ton derricks, one 10-ton derrick and one 30-ton derrick to allow loading and unloading of cargo.[3]

History

World War II

Robin Doncaster was built at the request of the Robin Line.[6] Intended for service between the United States and South Africa,[3] she was launched on 10 December 1940.[7] The ship was delivered on 16 April 1941.[5] She was immediately requisitioned by the USMC,[8] for transfer to the MoWT.[9] Robin Doncaster was renamed Empire Curlew. She was placed under the management of Donaldson, Brothers & Black Ltd. The United Kingdom Official Number 168169 was allocated.[5] She departed from Baltimore, Maryland on 20 April for Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, arriving on 23 April. She departed two days later,[10] and joined Convoy SA 1, which formed at sea on 30 April and arrived at the Clyde on 3 May.[11] Empire Curlew was a member of Convoy WS 9A, which assembled off Oversay on 3 June 1941. The convoy arrived at Freetown, Sierra Leone on 18 June. It departed Freetown on 20 June and arrived at Durban, South Africa on 4 July. The convoy departed Durban on 8 July and dispersed off Aden on 21 July, its ships then proceeding independently to Suez, Egypt.[12] Empire Curlew arrived at Suez on 25 July, then sailed to Alexandria, Egypt. A return voyage was made to Port Said, Egypt before she returned to Suez, arriving on 10 August. Empire Curlew then sailed to Calcutta India, where she arrived on 23 August. She departed Calcutta on 29 August for Rangoon, Burma, arriving three days later. On 8 September, Empire Curlew departed from Rangoon bound for Cape Town, South Africa, where she arrived on 26 September. She departed the next day for Trinidad, arriving on 11 October and departing the next day for New York, where she arrived on 17 October.[10]

On 2 November, Empire Curlew departed New York for Halifax. She arrived the next day, and on 4 November she joined Convoy TC 14A.[10] The convoy arrived at the Clyde on 12 November.[13] She left the convoy at the Belfast Lough and then sailed to Liverpool, Lancashire, arriving on 13 November. Empire Curlew departed from Liverpool on 5 December for the Clyde, where she joined Convoy WS 14.[10] The convoy assembled off Oversay, and arrived at Freetown, Sierra Leone on 21 December.[14] She departed from Freetown on 25 December for Cape Town, arriving on 5 January 1942.[10]

On 9 January 1942, Empire Curlew departed from Cape Town for Basra, Iraq, where she arrived on 30 January. A voyage was made to Abadan, Iran, from where she departed on 16 February for Bombay, India, arriving four days later. On 1 March, Empire Curlew departed Bombay for Mombasa, Kenya and Tanga, Tanganyika. She departed Tanga on 11 March for Baltimore via Cape Town and Trinidad, arriving at Baltimore on 11 April.[10]

Empire Curlew was transferred to the USMC, regaining her former name. She was converted to a troop transport by Sullivan Drydock & Repair Co, New York. The conversion was completed in January 1944 and the ship was then commissioned into the United States Navy as USS Robin Doncaster. In April 1946, she was decommissioned and transferred back to the USMC.[1]

In November 1942, USS Robin Doncaster transported some of the surviors from the American owned, Panamanian-flagged merchant ship Plaudit, which had been torpedoed shelled and sunk by U-181 on 8 November at 36°00′S 26°32′E / 36.000°S 26.533°E / -36.000; 26.533 with the loss of three crew. The survivors were rescued by HMSAS Africana on 10 November and transferred to the RAF crash boat Navigator. They were taken to Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Plaudit had been on a voyage from Colombo, Ceyon to the United States via Cape Town, South Africa. She was carrying a cargo of gunny sack, jute, manganese ore and rubber. The survivors were landed at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on 13 December.[15] She also carried six survivors from the American liberty ship Anne Hutchinson, which had been torpedoed by U-504 with the loss of three crew. Ann Hutchinson was subsequently divided in two parts by explosive charges in an attempt to salvage her cargo of 8,000 barrels of crude oil. Her stern section sank, but the bow section was towed to Port Elizabeth by HMSAS David Haigh. The survivors took to the lifeboats. Ten were rescued by Steel Mariner, with the rest landing at Durban and Port Alfred.[16]

In April 1944, USS Robin Doncaster transported troops from Camp Matthews, San Diego, California to Noumea, New Caledonia, arriving on 6 May.[17] In September 1944 USS Robin Doncaster was on a voyage from San Francisco, California to Okinawa, Japan when she suffered two breakdowns at sea. She put into Pearl Harbor, Hawaii for repairs, which took three weeks. Due to this, she avoided being caught in Typhoon Louise.[18]

On 29 September 1944, USS Robin Doncaster transported troops of the 165th Infantry Regiment who had been involved in Operation Forager from Tanapag Harbor, Saipan Mariana Islands to the Enewetak Atoll and then to Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu, arriving on 4 October.

Post-war

On 4 April 1946, Robin Doncaster was placed in the Reserve Fleet pending re-conversion to a cargo vessel. She was laid up in the James River, Virginia.[19] On 18 July, Maryland Drydock Company were authorised to removed certain items of equipment from Robin Doncaster for installation on Robin Wentley. The removed items were to be replaced within 60 days at no cost to the War Shipping Administration or USMC. The replacement was recorded as having been completed on 19 May 1947.[20] The planned conversion of Robin Doncaster back to a cargo ship was canceled due to a lack of funds. On 18 March 1947, she was sold to Seas Shipping Inc. She was delivered on 7 October.[19]

The United States Official Number 240462 was allocated.[5] Her port of registry was New York.[21] Her Code Letters were WMRD.[22] On 9 January 1952, Robin Doncaster was in collision with the tug Ruth which was towing the barge Agram. The collision occurred because of confusion over signals given, and the presence of Mormacpenn which was also attempting to pass Ruth. Although agreement was made between Mormacpenn and Ruth as to how the ships would pass, no such agreement was made between Robin Doncaster and Ruth. Robin Doncaster desired to pass port-to-port, whereas Ruth desired the pass to be starboard-to-starboard. After colliding with Ruth, she then collided with Agram, damaging the barge beyond economic repair. The New York Company, the owners of the barge, successfully sued the Seas Shipping Company Inc for damages. Robert B. Wathen, the owner of Ruth was successful in his appeal to be exonerated from blame for the collision, which was placed squarely on the Robin Doncaster.[23]

In 1957, Robin Doncaster was sold to Flying Gull Inc and renamed Flying Gull. She was operated under the management of Isbrandtsen & Co Inc,[5] retaining the Code Letters WMRD.[24] Flying Gull was sold to American Export Lines in 1962. She was transferred to American Export Isbrandtsen Lines Inc in 1966.[5] About this time, Flying Gull was involved in a collision when she was hit by Batus at Kobe, Japan. Repairs took a week to complete.[25] Flying Gull served until 1968. She arrived on 21 June 1968 at Bilbao, Spain for scrapping by Hierros Arbulu.[5]

[26]

References

  1. ^ a b Mitchell, W.H.; Sawyer, L.A. (1995). The Empire Ships. London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. p. not cited. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.
  2. ^ a b "C2 Cargo Ships". Shipbuilding History. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d "Maritime Commission Design C2-S, Descriptions for MC-72 to 74 and 99 to 101". Karsten-Kunibert Krueger-Kopiske. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Technical Specifications Maritime Commission Design C2-S". Karsten-Kunibert Krueger-Kopiske. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Donaldson Line Ltd. beheer" (in Dutch). ponl.com. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  6. ^ "Outboard Profiles of Maritime Commission Vessels, The C2 Cargo Ship and his Subdesigns". Karsten-Kunibert Krueger-Kopiske. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  7. ^ "SOUTH AFRICA". Footage Farm. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  8. ^ "Amerika requireert schepen". Utrechtse Nieusblad. No. 18 April 1941. p. p2. {{cite news}}: |page= has extra text (help)
  9. ^ "American Steamers for Britain". The Times. No. 48903. London. 18 April 1941. col D, p. 3. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
  10. ^ a b c d e f "EMPIRE CURLEW". Convoyweb. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
  11. ^ "Convoy SA.1". Convoyweb. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  12. ^ "WS9A". Naval History. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  13. ^ "Convoy TC.14A". Convoyweb. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  14. ^ "Convoy WS.14". Convoyweb. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  15. ^ "Plaudit". Uboat.net. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  16. ^ "Anne Hutchinson". Uboat.net. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  17. ^ "MARTY'S USMC LOG & DIARY" (PDF). Wordpress. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  18. ^ "History of The USS Tutuila (ARG-4)". Mobile Riverine Force Association. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  19. ^ a b "Front of Card 1". United States Maritime Administration. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  20. ^ "Back of Card 1". United States Maritime Administration. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  21. ^ "Robin Doncaster". Moore-McCormack. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  22. ^ "International List of Selected and Supplementary Ships, 1955" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  23. ^ "233 F. 2d 889 - The New York Company the Agram v. The Robin Doncaster B Wathen the Ruth". The Open Jurist. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  24. ^ "International List of Selected and Supplementary Ships, 1959" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
  25. ^ "untitled". Boom Ships. Archived on 4 April 2011. Retrieved 13 May 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ "EMPIRE - C". Mariners. Retrieved 10 May 2011.

Template:Empire C ships

Category:1940 ships Category:Type C2-S ships Category:Ships built in Maryland Category:Cargo liners Category:Empire ships Category:Ministry of War Transport ships Category:Steamships of the United Kingdom Category:Merchant ships of the United Kingdom Category:Unique transports of the United States Navy Category:World War II auxiliary ships of the United States Category:Steamships of the United States Category:Merchant ships of the United States Category:Maritime incidents in 1952

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