Golden Domes: Difference between revisions
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Maharishi Sthapatya Veda says that buildings should be located on level ground, so the surrounding areas and berms have been flattened with earth-moving equipment.{{sfn|Karpen|1998b}}{{sfn|Review|2005}} Auspicious Vastu fences were built around each dome.{{sfn|Sheffield|1999}} In accordance with MSV, the domes were topped by [[Kalasha|kalashes]], auspicious "sculpted urns".{{sfn|Hesman|2005}} The sculptures, which are 7.5 ft (2.9 m) tall and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide, were cast in acrylic resin by MUM art professor Dale Divoky in 1997.{{sfn|Review|1997}} |
Maharishi Sthapatya Veda says that buildings should be located on level ground, so the surrounding areas and berms have been flattened with earth-moving equipment.{{sfn|Karpen|1998b}}{{sfn|Review|2005}} Auspicious Vastu fences were built around each dome.{{sfn|Sheffield|1999}} In accordance with MSV, the domes were topped by [[Kalasha|kalashes]], auspicious "sculpted urns".{{sfn|Hesman|2005}} The sculptures, which are 7.5 ft (2.9 m) tall and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide, were cast in acrylic resin by MUM art professor Dale Divoky in 1997.{{sfn|Review|1997}} |
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==Other== |
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===Popular culture and namesakes=== |
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The domes have appeared in TV news shows, documentaries, and YouTube videos. A scene in the 2010 German documentary ''David Wants To Fly'' was filmed in the Men's Dome.{{sfn|Simon|2010}} In October 2011, a film crew recorded [[Oprah Winfrey]] meditating in the Ladies' Dome during her visit to Fairfield and the [[Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment]].{{sfn|Vance|2011}}{{sfn|Salon|2011}} |
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The Golden Dome Market and Cafe is adjacent to the Ladies' Dome.<ref>{{coord|41.023592|-91.963636|name=Golden Dome Market & Cafe|type:landmark}}</ref> It sells organic produce from the MUM farm, gifts, and [[Maharishi Ayurveda]] products, and serves vegetarian meals in the evening.{{sfn|GDQuarterly|2005}} A 23-unit building for women, the Golden Domes Apartments, is planned for a site nearby.{{sfn|Redden|2008}} The ''Golden Domes Quarterly'' is a newsletter for the MUM community published by MUM Press.{{sfn|GDQuarterly|2005}} |
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===Other golden domes and flying halls=== |
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A "renowned"{{sfn|Chryssides|2001|p=302}} Maharishi Golden Dome is the center of the largest TM community in Europe,{{sfn|MES|2011}}{{sfn|Guardian|2004}}{{sfn|Khan|2005}} Maharishi European Sidhaland in [[Skelmersdale]], UK. A study published in 1996 by Maharishi-connected researchers found that the number of Yogic Flyers practicing in the dome there had a direct effect on the levels of crime in Liverpool, about 10 miles (16 km) away.{{sfn|Hatcherd|1996}} The third and fifth annual European Yogic Flying competitions were held there in 1988 and 1990.{{sfn|Times|1990}}{{sfn|Smith|1988}}<ref>{{coord|53.565688|-2.776706|name=Maharishi Golden Dome, European Sidhaland, Skelmersdale, Skelmersdale, UK|type:landmark}}</ref> |
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At 70 feet (21 m), the Maharishi Golden Dome is the largest structure in Radiance, Texas, a 35-home TM community founded in 1980 on the outskirts of [[Austin, Texas|Austin]].{{sfn|Adams|2007}}<ref>{{coord|30.145247|-97.958565|name=Maharishi Golden Dome, Radiance, Texas}}</ref>{{sfn|Radiance|2011}} Following the incorporation of Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa, in 2001 there was a proposal to build two "Super Domes" in the center of the city, each holding 10,000 Yogic Flyers.{{sfn|Lee|2001}}{{sfn|Deardorff|2001}} Square or octagonal flying halls have been built in Heavenly Mountain, Boone, North Carolina,<ref>{{coord|36.174640|-81.584882|name=Flying Hall, Heavenly Mountain, Boone, North Carolina|type:landmark}}</ref> and Sidhadorp, Lelystad, Netherlands.<ref>{{coord| 52.488544| 5.495099|name=Flying Hall, Sidhadorp, Lelystad, Netherlands|type:landmark}}</ref>{{sfn|GGN|2010}} Forty flying halls have been built in India by the Maharishi's nephew, Girish Varma, in conjunction with the [[Maharishi Vidya Mandir Schools]].{{sfn|Kaplan|2010}} |
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==Footnotes== |
==Footnotes== |
Revision as of 05:56, 6 January 2012
This article may present fringe theories, without giving appropriate weight to the mainstream view and explaining the responses to the fringe theories. (January 2012) |
Golden Domes | |
---|---|
Alternative names | The Maharishi Patanjali and the Bagambhrini Golden Domes of Pure Knowledge |
General information | |
Type | Domes |
Town or city | Fairfield, Iowa |
Construction started | 1979 |
Completed | 1981 |
Cost | US$700,000[1] |
Owner | Maharishi University of Management |
Height | 35 ft (11 m)[2] |
Dimensions | |
Diameter | 200 ft (61 m) |
Technical details | |
Floor area | 25,000 sq ft (2,300 m2) |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | H.O. Clark[3] |
The twin Golden Domes, also called the Maharishi Golden Domes, are used for the group practice of the TM-Sidhi program (Yogic Flying). Built by followers of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi on the Maharishi University of Management (MUM) campus in Fairfield, Iowa, the domes are important centers of the Transcendental Meditation movement and are also local landmarks. The dome for men is formally known as the "Maharishi Patanjali Golden Dome of Pure Knowledge" and the dome for ladies is the "Bagambhrini Golden Dome of Pure Knowledge", but they are commonly called the "Men's Dome" and the "Ladies' Dome". Buildings used for Yogic Flying, such as the Golden Domes, are known generically as "flying halls". The Golden Domes were the first structures built specifically for Yogic Flying, and were completed in 1980 and 1981, respectively.
According to proponents, group practice of the TM-Sidhi program, such as done in the domes, creates the Maharishi Effect, which they describe as a coherence-producing field the effects of which depend on the number of people practicing in one place. The domes have a capacity of 3,000 practitioners. The Transcendental Meditation movement has conducted a number of assemblies bringing together thousands of Yogic Flyers in the hope of positively influencing the United States and the world. The largest assembly brought together 7,000 Yogic Flyers for several weeks starting in December 1983.
MUM researchers have conducted numerous studies on the Yogic Flying practiced in multiple locations including in the domes. Proponents assert that lower crime rates, increases in stock market indices, the reunification of Germany, fewer air traffic fatalities, and other quantifiable changes are the result of lowering tension in the world by practicing TM-Sidhi in the domes.
Practitioners who attend twice-daily sessions typically spend from three to eight hours at the domes. Thousands have moved to Fairfield to practice in the domes, but admission to the flying halls is strictly controlled. Since 2006, a foundation has provided stipends to cover the living expenses of some participants.
Background
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi introduced the TM-Sidhi program as an advanced form of meditation in 1975. It has been described as a natural extension of the Transcendental Meditation technique (TM),[4] based on the teachings of Patanjali, in which the practice of Samyama leads to the achievement of Siddhis.[5] The most important Siddhi in the TM-Sidhi program is Yogic Flying, a mental-physical exercise of hopping while cross-legged. Practitioners are called "Sidhas" or "Yogic Flyers". The TM-Sidhi program is said to accelerate the benefits gained from the TM technique by training the mind to think from the level of what is called Transcendental Consciousness. The official TM website says that "research has shown a dramatic and immediate reduction in societal stress, crime, violence, and conflict—and an increase in coherence, positivity, and peace in society as a whole" when the TM-Sidhi program is practiced in groups.[6] This is termed the "Maharishi Effect" or "super radiance", and is believed by proponents to occur when the group size exceeds the square root of one percent of the population of an area. Nations with sufficient Yogic Flyers are said by practitioners to have achieved invincibility.[7] While empirical studies supporting these assertions have been published in peer-reviewed academic journals,[8] the assertions have been disputed by most of those in the scientific and skeptic community who have written about them. Skeptics have called Yogic Flying or its associated theories and technologies a "pseudoscience".[9][10]
Building
Construction
Maharishi International University (later Maharishi University of Management) opened in Santa Barbara in 1973 and moved to the empty campus of bankrupted Parsons College in Fairfield, Iowa, in 1974. In the summer of 1979, during a "World Peace Assembly" in Amherst, Massachusetts, the Maharishi invited TM and TM-Sidhi practitioners to come together for group practice in Fairfield.[11] Eight hundred went immediately, and thousands more followed.[12] The Maharishi ordered the construction of two huge domes for their use.[13] Bevan Morris, who had just been named president and chairman of MIU at age 33, oversaw the effort. The domes were the first structures built for the purpose of group practice of the Maharishi's program.[14] Prior to construction of the domes, Yogic Flying was performed in the university's field house or in other campus facilities.[15]
Construction of the first dome began in the fall of 1979. The Maharishi inaugurated it that December, appearing in the still-roofless building in his customary dhoti and light shawl, bare-headed, while his audience wore heavy coats. Ravi Shankar (later known as "Sri Sri Ravi Shankar") and two other Indian pandits sat near an electric heater and chanted Vedic hymns during the inaugural ceremony.[16] The Men's Dome was completed early in 1980.
The university published a paper in 1981 which concluded that nature supported the construction of the dome by moderating the winter temperatures on six out of the eight days when concrete was being poured and cured.[17] The day before each pour, Yogic Flyers were instructed to desire favorable conditions. An author in the Skeptical Inquirer magazine wrote that the concrete supply company had checked the National Weather Service forecast before deciding which days to work.[18] A research methodology textbook used the issue as an example of the importance of controlling for a variable.[19]
The Ladies' Dome, completed in 1981,[12] was built on the site of a former baseball field.[20][21] The genders are separated to avoid distraction.[22] In 1983, the Maharishi named them "The Maharishi Patanjali and the Bagambhrini Golden Domes of Pure Knowledge."[23]
Location and appearance
The Golden Domes are located on Golden Dome Way near Highway 1 (North 4th Street), one mile (1.6 km) north of Fairfield and two miles (3.2 km) south of Maharishi Vedic City.[24] The domes are built on hills beside the location of the former Blum Stadium, a football stadium built by Parsons College hurriedly in 1966. Between 1994 and 2005, the bleachers and a press box were removed, and housing was built on one edge of the former stadium.
The domes dominate the MUM campus.[25] They are each 20,000–25,000 square feet (1,900–2,300 m2) in area, about 150–200 feet (46–61 m) in diameter, and about 35 feet (11 m) high.[1][2][26][27]
The roofs of the domes are covered with spray polyurethane foam. The top coat, which gives the domes their characteristic metallic gold color, was developed specially for the university and is called "Maharishi gold".[28] Flagpoles outside the domes have flown the flags of the United States and of the Global Country of World Peace,[29] a border-less nation declared by the Maharishi in 2000. Between the two domes is the 45-foot (14 m) marble-paneled Maharishi Tower of Invincibility, completed in 2007.[30][31]
The domes are tourist attractions[32] mentioned in a number of travel guides[33] and listed as a "don't miss" landmark in Fairfield.[34] A local bank offered checks printed with an image of the Maharishi Patanjali Golden Dome.[35] Writers have described one or both domes as: "a huge rotunda",[36] "flying saucers",[37] "extraterrestrial-looking",[22] "gilded breasts",[38][39] "Mallomar-cookie-shaped golden domes",[40] "giant mushrooms in a field of green grass",[41] and "sprawling structures sitting astride gently rolling hills".[42]
Alterations and renovations
In the late 1990s,[32] the Maharishi developed Maharishi Sthapatya Veda (MSV), his version of an ancient Indian architectural theory called Vastu Shastra which is said to bring good fortune. It was then realized that the west-facing entries and round shape of the domes were inauspicious.[43]
The buildings were rectified by shifting their front doors to face east. A small dome which had been part of the western entrance to the Men's Dome was removed,[44] and the new entrance was completed in 2001.[45] A vestibule on the east side was added, which includes a large room for shoes and a space for performing asanas (Yoga positions).[46] The eastern end of the Men's Dome was also squared-off, to more closely align it with MSV principles.[44][47] The western side is expected to receive a similar treatment once funds are raised.[48] The entry to the Ladies' Dome was moved in 2005 and bathrooms were added, replacing a temporary trailer which had been used for the purpose.[49][50]
Maharishi Sthapatya Veda says that buildings should be located on level ground, so the surrounding areas and berms have been flattened with earth-moving equipment.[51][52] Auspicious Vastu fences were built around each dome.[50] In accordance with MSV, the domes were topped by kalashes, auspicious "sculpted urns".[53] The sculptures, which are 7.5 ft (2.9 m) tall and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide, were cast in acrylic resin by MUM art professor Dale Divoky in 1997.[54]
Footnotes
- ^ a b UPI 1980.
- ^ a b AP 1979.
- ^ Trumpy 1984.
- ^ Shear 2006.
- ^ Orme-Johnson 1992.
- ^ TM.org 2010.
- ^ Feather 2007.
- ^ Regal 2009.
- ^ Sagan 1997.
- ^ Shermer 2002, p. 141.
- ^ Gilpin 2006, p. 83.
- ^ a b Bogumil 2006.
- ^ Canon 1999.
- ^ MUMDVD 2011.
- ^ Derise 2006.
- ^ Fischman 2010, p. 32.
- ^ Rabinoff, Dillbeck & Deissler 1981.
- ^ Trumpy 1984, pp. 143–148.
- ^ McBurney & White 2009, p. 191.
- ^ Yearbook 1981.
- ^ 41°01′23″N 91°57′52″W / 41.022966°N 91.964421°W
- ^ a b Gibson 1990.
- ^ Yearbook 1983, p. 77.
- ^ TheStatesman 2002.
- ^ Hutchinson 2003.
- ^ Breyfogle 1985.
- ^ Gaines 1984.
- ^ Chizik 2008.
- ^ Flags 2011.
- ^ Report 2007.
- ^ 41°01′21″N 91°57′54″W / 41.022394°N 91.965023°W
- ^ a b Lowe 2010.
- ^ Guidebooks 2011.
- ^ Byczynski 2006.
- ^ Review 2003b.
- ^ NPR 2004.
- ^ Starr 1989.
- ^ Lee 2004.
- ^ Knopp 1998, p. 173.
- ^ Klineman 2003.
- ^ D'Antonio 1992, p. 244.
- ^ Crawford 1991.
- ^ Gilpin 2006, p. 86.
- ^ a b Review 2000.
- ^ Report 2001.
- ^ Review 2001b.
- ^ Karpen 2001.
- ^ Review 2001c.
- ^ GDQuarterly 2005.
- ^ a b Sheffield 1999.
- ^ Karpen 1998b.
- ^ Review 2005.
- ^ Hesman 2005.
- ^ Review 1997.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Orme-Johnson, D. W.; Cavanaugh, K. L.; Alexander, C. N.; Gelderloos, P.; Dillbeck, M. C.; Lanford, A. G.; Nader, Abou (1990). "The influence of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field on world events and global social indicators: The effects of the Taste of Utopia Assembly". In Chalmers, R. A.; Clements, G; Schenkluhn, H (eds.). Scientific Research on Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Programme: Collected Papers (Vol. 4). Maharishi Vedic University Press.
- Orme-Johnson, David W. (1992). "Theory and Research on Conflict Resolution Through the Maharishi Effect". Journal of Modern Science and Vedic Science. 5 (1–2). MUM Press.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Rabinoff, R. A.; Dillbeck, M. C.; Deissler, R (1981). "Effect of coherent collective consciousness on the weather". Scientific research on Maharishi's Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Programme: Collected papers (Vol. 4). MUM Press.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Rascoe, Ayesha (July 27, 2007). "Meditators predict Dow 17,000, near US utopia". Reuters.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Redden, Elizabeth (January 28, 2008). "A New Campus, According to Ancient Principles". Inside Higher Ed.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Regal, Brian (2009). Pseudoscience : a critical encyclopedia. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313355073.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Saari, Laura (September 1, 1991). "Meditating for peace OC transplants find tranquillity in Iowa town devoted to TM". Orange County Register. Santa Ana, Calif. p. G.1.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Sagan, Carl (1997). The demon-haunted world: science as a candle in the dark. Ballantine Books. p. 16. ISBN 0345409469.
- Sheaffer, Robert (Mar/Apr 1998). "Maharishi Management University's frequent fliers". The Skeptical Inquirer. Vol. 22, no. 2. p. 21.
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(help) - Shear, Jonathan, ed. (2006). Experience of Meditation: Experts Introduce the Major Traditions. Paragon House. ISBN 9781557788573.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Sheffield, Betty (November 24, 1999). "Ladies Dome Gets Landscaping and Renovation". The Review. Vol. 15, no. 5. MUM. Archived from the original on August 3, 2011.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Shermer, Michael (2002). The Skeptic: encyclopedia of Pseudoscience. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781576076538.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Simon, Alissa (March 1, 2010). "David Wants to Fly.(Movie review)". Daily Variety. Vol. 306, no. 40. p. 7.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Smith, Ian (July 30, 1988). "Athletes wait for flying start; Third Annual Yogic Flying Competition". The Times. London, UK.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Starr, Douglas (May 1989). "Levitation U.". Omni. pp. 66–72, 119.
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: Text "CITEREFStarr1989" ignored (help) - Stebbins, John (April 6, 1997). "A transcendent transformation/Maharishi's university spawning enterprise in small Iowa town". Houston Chronicle. p. 2.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Strauss, Stephen (October 3, 1987). "Townies, Tators learn coexistence in Iowa cornfields". The Globe and Mail. Toronto, Ontario. p. B.1.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Trumpy, Franklin D. (Winter 1983/84). "An Investigation of the Reported Effect of Transcendental Meditation on the Weather". The Skeptical Inquirer. Vol. 8, no. 143.
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(help) - Vance, Diane (October 20, 2011). "Oprah visits Maharishi School, Fairfield". Fairfield Ledger.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Williamson, Lola (2010). Transcendent in America:Hindu-Inspired Meditation Movements as New Religion. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814794500.
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: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - Wood, Toni (April 4, 2004). "Midwestern meditations: There's enlightenment among the corn in an Iowa city". The Kansas City Star.
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Unsigned
- "20 Research Studies Published by Journal". University Report 2004-2005. MUM. 2005. p. 19. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 26, 2011.
- "A Glimpse of Twenty Five Years (1981–2006) of the Maharishi Purusha Program in the United States". Maharishi Purusha Program. 2011. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011.
- "A literary feast for Christmas". The Times. December 1, 1990.
- Golden Domes Quarterly. Vol. 4, no. 1. MUM. Spring 2005. p. 1.
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: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - "Golden Dome To Fly High DVD". MUM Press. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011.
- "Groups of Yogic Flyers in the World". Purusha.de. June 12, 2009. Archived from the original on August 4, 2011.
- "Highlights of Maharaja Adhiraj Rajaraam's address in the Golden Dome". TM Bulletin. Vol. 9, no. 8. Maharishi Health Education Center. April 2009. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011.
- "Home page". Maharishi European Sidhaland.
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requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - "Invincible America Assembly Tallies". Archived from the original on July 18, 2011.
- "Lynch gives to Maharishi U". The Hawk Eye. Burlington, Iowa. Associated Press. March 14, 2008.
- "Magician Mixes Marriage and Meditation". The Hour. Norwalk, Conn. December 2, 1981.
- "Maharishi University Of Management Takes Action To Help Restore Peace". University Report 2000–2001. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 26, 2011.
- "Maharishi Tower of Invincibility Inaugurated on Guru Purnima Day". University Report 2006-2007. MUM. 2007. pp. 4–5. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 26, 2011.
- "Maharishi: Golden Domes of Pure Knowledge are Particle Accelerators of Consciousness" (Press release). October 29, 2009.
- "Maharishi's Global Family Chat Summary". June 4, 2011.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-url=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - "Maharishi's Programmes: Maharishi Effect". Global Good News. Archived from the original on July 24, 2011.
- "Maharishi's Programmes in Holland". Global Good News. January 29, 2010. Archived from the original on August 8, 2011.
- "Meditation dome helps students". Bangor Daily News. Bangor, Maine. UPI. April 4, 1980. p. 22.
- "Meditators and Money Find Home in Heartland". The New York Times. Associated Press. April 17, 1990. p. A.22.
- MIU Yearbook. MUM. 1981.
- MIU Yearbook. MUM. 1983.
- "New towns of old". The Guardian. Manchester, UK. October 14, 2004. p. 12.
- "Paul Horn & Friends in Concert — May 15, 2011". MUM.
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:|archive-url=
requires|url=
(help); Missing or empty|url=
(help) - "Profile: Fairfield, Iowa, and its economic success". Morning Edition. Washington, D.C.: NPR. August 31, 2004.
- "Radiance, Texas". Archived from the original on July 27, 2011.
- "Society and Peace". TM.org. Archived from the original on September 8, 2010.
- "The Invincible America Assembly — The University's greatest achievement". University Report 2009-2010. MUM. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 26, 2011.
- "The Video Magazine". MUM Press. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011.
- "There's plenty of room to roam in Maharishi's levitation dome". Lewiston Morning Tribune. Lewiston, Idaho. Associated Press. October 12, 1979. p. 8D.
- "'Town-Gown' Relations Suffer Some in Fairfield". Omaha World-Herald. January 16, 1984. p. 1.
- "Vedic City Set Up In USA". The Statesman. New Delhi. July 31, 2002. p. 1.
- "Video: Iowans Watch World Yogic Flying Competition". Des Moines, Iowa: KCCI. April 25, 2003. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011.
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- "Yogic Flying Competition". MUM Alumni Association. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011.
Guidebooks
- Erickson, Lori; Stuhr, Tracy (2010). Off the Beaten Path Iowa: A Guide to Unique Places. Globe Pequot. ISBN 9780762750429.
- Heim, Michael (2007). Exploring Iowa Highways: Trip Trivia. Exploring America's Highway. ISBN 9780974435855.
- Campbell, Jeff (2008). USA. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781741046755.
Graduation
- "Maharishi University of Management celebrates commencement at the dawning of national invincibility". Global Good News. June 28, 2008. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011.
- "Graduation Schedule of Events". MUM. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.
Flags
- "Maharishi Dome". Flickr. June 18, 1988.
- "DSC_4407.JPG". Flickr. June 11, 2006.
Other resources
- "Golden Dome: To Fly High" DVD Color, 30 mins. Published in 1980. A documentary about the building of the first dome.