Ahmad al-Muhajir: Difference between revisions
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'''Ahmad al-Muhajir''' (260-345 H or 873-956 AD)<ref>{{cite book|title= Rihlah al-Asywaq al-Qawiyah|page=34|author=Abdullah bin Muhammad Bakutsair}}</ref> ({{lang-ar|'''أحمد المهاجر'''}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Aḥmad al-muhāǧir}}'') also known as '''Al-Imam Ahmad bin Isa''' was the descendant of [[Ali bin Abu Talib]] and [[Fatimah bint Muhammad]], the daughter of [[Muhammad]]. He was the son of ‘Isa the son of [['Ali al-Uraidhi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunnah.org/arabic/mawldhouse/past_desecrations.htm |title=A History of Wahabi Desecrations in the Holy Land of al-Hijaz |accessdate=2008-09-20 |last=Morton |first=Shafiq |work=Notebooks from Makkah & Madinah: A modern journey to Islam’s two Holy Cities | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080812021258/http://www.sunnah.org/arabic/mawldhouse/past_desecrations.htm| archivedate= 12 August 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> who was the fourth son of [[Imam]] [[Ja'far as-Sadiq]], a fifth generation descendant of the [[Prophet Muhammad]]. |
'''Ahmad al-Muhajir''' (260-345 H or 873-956 AD)<ref>{{cite book|title= Rihlah al-Asywaq al-Qawiyah|page=34|author=Abdullah bin Muhammad Bakutsair}}</ref> ({{lang-ar|'''أحمد المهاجر'''}} ''{{transl|ar|DIN|Aḥmad al-muhāǧir}}'') also known as '''Al-Imam Ahmad bin Isa''' was a [[Qualifications_of_a_mujtahid|Mujtahid]] and the descendant of [[Ali bin Abu Talib]] and [[Fatimah bint Muhammad]], the daughter of [[Muhammad]]. He was the son of ‘Isa the son of [['Ali al-Uraidhi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunnah.org/arabic/mawldhouse/past_desecrations.htm |title=A History of Wahabi Desecrations in the Holy Land of al-Hijaz |accessdate=2008-09-20 |last=Morton |first=Shafiq |work=Notebooks from Makkah & Madinah: A modern journey to Islam’s two Holy Cities | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080812021258/http://www.sunnah.org/arabic/mawldhouse/past_desecrations.htm| archivedate= 12 August 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> who was the fourth son of [[Imam]] [[Ja'far as-Sadiq]], a fifth generation descendant of the [[Prophet Muhammad]]. |
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==Early Life== |
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His full name is ''Ahmad [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] Isa Ar-Rumi [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] Muhammad An-Naqib ibn [['Ali al-Uraidhi]] [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]] [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] [[Muhammad al-Baqir]] [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] [[Zayn al-Abidin]] [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] [[Husain ibn Ali|al-Husain]] [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] [[Ali bin Abu Talib]]''. According to another history, he is thought to have been born in 241 [[Hijri year|Hijrah]] (820 CE).<ref>''al-Qirtas fi Manaqib al-Attas'', Sayyid Ali bin Hasan al-Attas</ref>. |
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Imam Ahmad grew up under the supervision of his parents in an environment surrounded by scholars and living examples of prophetic character. He memorized the [[Qur'an]] and then mastered the sciences of the scared law until he reached the rank [[mujtahid]]. He also had his own hadith collection ([[musnad]]) and was held in great esteem by Imam [[Al-Tabari]]. |
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==Migration== |
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Al-Imam Ahmad bin Isa is called ''Al-Muhajir'' (emigrant) because he left [[Basra]], [[Iraq]] during the [[Abbassid]] Caliphate that was headquartered in [[Baghdad]] in the year 317H (929 CE). His inner sight allowed him to witness the calamities and tribulations that would take place in Iraq. He realized the greatness of the sacred trust that he was carrying in his loins. |
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Ahmad bin Isa left [[Basra]] with his wife, his son, Abdullah, (who preferred to be known as Ubaidillah) and his grandsons from Ubaidillah (Jadid, Basri and Alawi). With them also was Sharif Muhammad bin Sulayman, the grandfather of the Ahdal family and Sharif Ahmad al-Qudaymi, the grandfather of the Qudaymi family, and a group of 70 people. He left his son Muhammad in Iraq to take care of their wealth. |
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| ⚫ | He first went to [[Madinah]] and [[Mecca]], and then from Mecca to [[Yemen]] in around 319 H. He migrated at a time when there was much internal strife, bloodshed and confusion in Iraq, where a large number of the descendants of [[Muhammad]] were persecuted for political reasons by the ruling [[Abbasids]] and members of the [[Qarmatians|Qaramita]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Maqatil at-Talibiyyin|page=366|author= Abu’l-Faraj Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Isfahani|publisher=Dar al-Fajr|location=Lebanon|format=hardcover|type=print}}</ref><!---{{Citation needed|date=June 2007}} --> |
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He set out for [[Yemen]] in 319 with his party and eventually reach [[Hadhramaut]], while Ahmad al-Qudaymi settled in northern Yemen and Sharif Muhammad bin Sulayman in Tihama on the Red Sea cost. He first settled in the village of Jubayl and then Hajrayn. Next he traveled to the village Qarat Bani Jushayr and finally settled in al-Husayyisah near [[Seiyun]]. |
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==Later Life and Death== |
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Imam al-Muhajir arrived in Hadhramaut at a time when a n offshoot of the [[Kharijite]] sect called Ibadiyyah held political power and had widespread influence throughout the valley. He persevered in the spreading of islamic truths until he almost single-handedly removed the [[Ibadi]] sect from Hadhramaut without ever taking up arms against them.<ref>{{cite book|title=Imams of The Valley|author=Amin Buxton|publisher=Dar al-Turath al-Islami|location=Western Cape, South Africa|year=2012}}</ref> |
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He died in 345H (924 CE) in Husayyisah, a town between [[Tarim]] and [[Seiyun]], [[Hadramaut]]. His shrine stands on a hill and is among the first shrines that visitors to Hadramaut pay their respects to when visiting the area.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ali al|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/80093194/Ali-al|publisher=Habeebsab|accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref> |
He died in 345H (924 CE) in Husayyisah, a town between [[Tarim]] and [[Seiyun]], [[Hadramaut]]. His shrine stands on a hill and is among the first shrines that visitors to Hadramaut pay their respects to when visiting the area.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ali al|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/80093194/Ali-al|publisher=Habeebsab|accessdate=6 August 2012}}</ref> |
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==The school of Thought== |
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There is a controversy about what [[Madhhab]] followed by Ahmad bin Isa. Most [[ulama]] have opinion that he was [[Shafi'i]] follower for fiqh and Asy'ari for aqidah. Some other [[ulama|islamic scholars]] such as Imam Abdurrahman bin Ubaidillah al-Saqof, [[Habib]] Shaleh al-Hamid, and Sayyid Abdullah Thahir al-Haddad (brother of [[Habib]] Alawi bin Thahir al-Haddad, [[Mufti]] of [[Johor]] and some others contend he was [[Shi'a]] follower ( <ref>{{cite book|title=Nasim Hajir|author=Abdurrahman bin Ubaidillah al-Saqof}}</ref>,<ref>{{cite book|author=Muhammad bin Ahmad As Syatiri|title=Adwar Tarikh Hadramaut|volume=1|page=/56}}</ref>,<ref>{{cite book|title=Tarikh Hadramaut|volume=1|page=323-325|author=Shaleh al-Hamid}}</ref>). |
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Habib Abdullah bin Thahir al-Haddad narrated: ''Verily I tend to say that al-Muhajir is follower of [[Shi'a#Twelver|Imamiyah]], because the [[Shafi'i]] [[Madhhab]] entered Hadhramaut long after his migration''. |
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Habib Aburrahman bin Ubaidillah al-Saqof emphasized that al-Muhajir was not [[Shafi'i]] follower for [[fiqh]] nor Asy’ariyah follower for [[aqidah]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Shaleh al-Hamid|title=Op.cit|volume=1|page=325}}</ref> |
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The [[Sayyid]]s from the family of [[Ba'Alawi sada]] of [[Tarim]], of the [[Hadramaut]] region of [[Yemen]] trace their descent to him.<ref>{{cite book | last = Ho | first = Engseng | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean | publisher = University of California Press | year = 2006 | location = | pages = | url = http://www.al-bab.com/bys/books/ho06.htm | doi = | id = | isbn = 0-520-24453-2 }}</ref> Some of the Nine Saints of Java or [[Wali Sanga]] in Indonesia in some traditions are claimed to be descendants of Al-Imam Ahmad Al-Muhajir bin Isa.<ref>van den Berg, Lodewijk Willem Christiaan, 1886. ''''Le Hadhramout et les colonies arabes dans l'archipel Indien''. Impr. du gouvernement, Batavia.</ref> |
The [[Sayyid]]s from the family of [[Ba'Alawi sada]] of [[Tarim]], of the [[Hadramaut]] region of [[Yemen]] trace their descent to him.<ref>{{cite book | last = Ho | first = Engseng | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean | publisher = University of California Press | year = 2006 | location = | pages = | url = http://www.al-bab.com/bys/books/ho06.htm | doi = | id = | isbn = 0-520-24453-2 }}</ref> Some of the Nine Saints of Java or [[Wali Sanga]] in Indonesia in some traditions are claimed to be descendants of Al-Imam Ahmad Al-Muhajir bin Isa.<ref>van den Berg, Lodewijk Willem Christiaan, 1886. ''''Le Hadhramout et les colonies arabes dans l'archipel Indien''. Impr. du gouvernement, Batavia.</ref> |
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Revision as of 23:06, 9 January 2014
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Ahmad Al-Muhajir | |
|---|---|
أحمد | |
| Born | Ahmad 873 AD |
| Died | 956 AD Husayyisah, Yemen |
| Resting place | Husayyisah, Yemen |
| Nationality | arab |
| Citizenship | Yemenite |
| Occupation(s) | Islamic scholar, teacher |
| Known for | Forefather of Ba 'Alawi sada |
| Parent | Isa (father) |
Ahmad al-Muhajir (260-345 H or 873-956 AD)[1] (Arabic: أحمد المهاجر Aḥmad al-muhāǧir) also known as Al-Imam Ahmad bin Isa was a Mujtahid and the descendant of Ali bin Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Muhammad, the daughter of Muhammad. He was the son of ‘Isa the son of 'Ali al-Uraidhi[2] who was the fourth son of Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq, a fifth generation descendant of the Prophet Muhammad.
Early Life
His full name is Ahmad ibn Isa Ar-Rumi ibn Muhammad An-Naqib ibn 'Ali al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq ibn Muhammad al-Baqir ibn Zayn al-Abidin ibn al-Husain ibn Ali bin Abu Talib. According to another history, he is thought to have been born in 241 Hijrah (820 CE).[3].
Imam Ahmad grew up under the supervision of his parents in an environment surrounded by scholars and living examples of prophetic character. He memorized the Qur'an and then mastered the sciences of the scared law until he reached the rank mujtahid. He also had his own hadith collection (musnad) and was held in great esteem by Imam Al-Tabari.
Migration
Al-Imam Ahmad bin Isa is called Al-Muhajir (emigrant) because he left Basra, Iraq during the Abbassid Caliphate that was headquartered in Baghdad in the year 317H (929 CE). His inner sight allowed him to witness the calamities and tribulations that would take place in Iraq. He realized the greatness of the sacred trust that he was carrying in his loins.
Ahmad bin Isa left Basra with his wife, his son, Abdullah, (who preferred to be known as Ubaidillah) and his grandsons from Ubaidillah (Jadid, Basri and Alawi). With them also was Sharif Muhammad bin Sulayman, the grandfather of the Ahdal family and Sharif Ahmad al-Qudaymi, the grandfather of the Qudaymi family, and a group of 70 people. He left his son Muhammad in Iraq to take care of their wealth.
He first went to Madinah and Mecca, and then from Mecca to Yemen in around 319 H. He migrated at a time when there was much internal strife, bloodshed and confusion in Iraq, where a large number of the descendants of Muhammad were persecuted for political reasons by the ruling Abbasids and members of the Qaramita.[4]
He set out for Yemen in 319 with his party and eventually reach Hadhramaut, while Ahmad al-Qudaymi settled in northern Yemen and Sharif Muhammad bin Sulayman in Tihama on the Red Sea cost. He first settled in the village of Jubayl and then Hajrayn. Next he traveled to the village Qarat Bani Jushayr and finally settled in al-Husayyisah near Seiyun.
Later Life and Death
Imam al-Muhajir arrived in Hadhramaut at a time when a n offshoot of the Kharijite sect called Ibadiyyah held political power and had widespread influence throughout the valley. He persevered in the spreading of islamic truths until he almost single-handedly removed the Ibadi sect from Hadhramaut without ever taking up arms against them.[5]
He died in 345H (924 CE) in Husayyisah, a town between Tarim and Seiyun, Hadramaut. His shrine stands on a hill and is among the first shrines that visitors to Hadramaut pay their respects to when visiting the area.[6]
The school of Thought
There is a controversy about what Madhhab followed by Ahmad bin Isa. Most ulama have opinion that he was Shafi'i follower for fiqh and Asy'ari for aqidah. Some other islamic scholars such as Imam Abdurrahman bin Ubaidillah al-Saqof, Habib Shaleh al-Hamid, and Sayyid Abdullah Thahir al-Haddad (brother of Habib Alawi bin Thahir al-Haddad, Mufti of Johor and some others contend he was Shi'a follower ( [7],[8],[9]).
Habib Abdullah bin Thahir al-Haddad narrated: Verily I tend to say that al-Muhajir is follower of Imamiyah, because the Shafi'i Madhhab entered Hadhramaut long after his migration.
Habib Aburrahman bin Ubaidillah al-Saqof emphasized that al-Muhajir was not Shafi'i follower for fiqh nor Asy’ariyah follower for aqidah[10]
Descendants and status
The Sayyids from the family of Ba'Alawi sada of Tarim, of the Hadramaut region of Yemen trace their descent to him.[11] Some of the Nine Saints of Java or Wali Sanga in Indonesia in some traditions are claimed to be descendants of Al-Imam Ahmad Al-Muhajir bin Isa.[12]
Imam Ahmad Al-Muhajir is an Imam Mujtahid, which means he is regarded as a primary source for rulings on religious matters.
Notes
- ^ Abdullah bin Muhammad Bakutsair. Rihlah al-Asywaq al-Qawiyah. p. 34.
- ^ Morton, Shafiq. "A History of Wahabi Desecrations in the Holy Land of al-Hijaz". Notebooks from Makkah & Madinah: A modern journey to Islam’s two Holy Cities. Archived from the original on 12 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ al-Qirtas fi Manaqib al-Attas, Sayyid Ali bin Hasan al-Attas
- ^ Abu’l-Faraj Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Isfahani. Maqatil at-Talibiyyin (print). Lebanon: Dar al-Fajr. p. 366.
{{cite book}}:|format=requires|url=(help) - ^ Amin Buxton (2012). Imams of The Valley. Western Cape, South Africa: Dar al-Turath al-Islami.
- ^ "Ali al". Habeebsab. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
- ^ Abdurrahman bin Ubaidillah al-Saqof. Nasim Hajir.
- ^ Muhammad bin Ahmad As Syatiri. Adwar Tarikh Hadramaut. Vol. 1. p. /56.
- ^ Shaleh al-Hamid. Tarikh Hadramaut. Vol. 1. p. 323-325.
- ^ Shaleh al-Hamid. Op.cit. Vol. 1. p. 325.
- ^ Ho, Engseng (2006). The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24453-2.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ van den Berg, Lodewijk Willem Christiaan, 1886. ''Le Hadhramout et les colonies arabes dans l'archipel Indien. Impr. du gouvernement, Batavia.
References
- al-Attas, Syed Hassan bin Muhammad. Umar bin Abd al-Rahman. Singapore.
- Freitag,Ulrike (2003). Indian Ocean Migrants and State Formation in Hadhramaut: Reforming the Homeland. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004128507.
- Ho, Engseng (2006). The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24453-2.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Berg, Lodewijk Willem Christiaan van den (1886). Le Hadhramout et les colonies arabes dans l'archipel Indien. Batavia: Imprimerie du gouvernement.
- bin Muhammad Bakutsair, Abdullah. Rihlah al-Asywaq al-Qawiyah.
- Al-Masyhur, Abubakar al-Adeni Bin Ali. Al-Abniyah al-Fikriyah.
- Al-Syatri, Muhammad Bin Ahmad. Adwar Tarikh Hadrami.
- Al-Bijani, Muhammad bin Salim. Al-Asy’ah al-Anwar. Vol. 2.
External links
- Ba`alawi.com Ba'alawi.com | The Definitive Resource for Islam and the Alawiyyen Ancestry.