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===Installed capacity===
===Installed capacity===
At the end of 2013, the total installed capacity of electricity in Taiwan was 41.18 GW, which came from gas-based thermal (37.0%), coal-based thermal (27.4%), nuclear (12.5%), fuel-based thermal (8.1%), pumped storage hydro (6.3%), renewable energy (8.7%).<ref name="taipower1">http://www.taipower.com.tw/e_content/content/report/..%5C..%5C..%5CUpFile%5CCompanyENFile%5C2013Taipower_English_EBook.pdf</ref><ref name="world-nuclear1">{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Others/Nuclear-Power-in-Taiwan/ |title=Taiwan Nuclear Power |publisher=World-nuclear.org |date= |accessdate=2014-04-21}}</ref><ref>http://www.digitimes.com:8080/news/a20140507VL201.html</ref>
At the end of 2013, the total installed capacity of electricity in Taiwan was 41.18 GW, which came from gas-based thermal (37.0%), coal-based thermal (27.4%), nuclear (12.5%), fuel-based thermal (8.1%), pumped storage hydro (6.3%), renewable energy (8.7%).<ref name="taipower1">http://www.taipower.com.tw/e_content/content/report/..%5C..%5C..%5CUpFile%5CCompanyENFile%5C2013Taipower_English_EBook.pdf</ref><ref name="world-nuclear1">{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Country-Profiles/Others/Nuclear-Power-in-Taiwan/ |title=Taiwan Nuclear Power |publisher=World-nuclear.org |date= |accessdate=2014-04-21}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|author=Adam Hwang, DIGITIMES, Taipei&nbsp;[Wednesday 7 May 2014] |url=http://www.digitimes.com:8080/news/a20140507VL201.html |title=Taiwan generates 213,400GWh of power in 2013, says Taipower |publisher=Digitimes.com:8080 |date=2014-05-07 |accessdate=2014-06-09}}</ref>


===Power generation===
===Power generation===
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In terms of price to produce electricity, the average generation cost of electricity in Taiwan was US$ 7.0 cent/kWh, which consists of US$ 1.9 cent/kWh for nuclear, US$ 5.8 cent/kWh for coal and US$ 11.25 cent/kWh for natural gas.<ref name="world-nuclear1"/>
In terms of price to produce electricity, the average generation cost of electricity in Taiwan was US$ 7.0 cent/kWh, which consists of US$ 1.9 cent/kWh for nuclear, US$ 5.8 cent/kWh for coal and US$ 11.25 cent/kWh for natural gas.<ref name="world-nuclear1"/>


Taipower operates three types of power plant based on the generation characteristics, which are [[peaking power plant]], [[load following power plant]] and [[base load power plant]].<ref>http://www.digitimes.com:8080/news/a20140507VL201.html</ref>
Taipower operates three types of power plant based on the generation characteristics, which are [[peaking power plant]], [[load following power plant]] and [[base load power plant]].<ref name="autogenerated2"/>


In 2012, the base load power source constituted for 42.4% of the total power generation in Taiwan, below the expected level of 55-65%. Over the past decade, the capacity of peak load energy sources was between 10.3-14.8%, slightly lower than the expected 10-15% value.<ref name="taipower1"/>
In 2012, the base load power source constituted for 42.4% of the total power generation in Taiwan, below the expected level of 55-65%. Over the past decade, the capacity of peak load energy sources was between 10.3-14.8%, slightly lower than the expected 10-15% value.<ref name="taipower1"/>
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===Transmission and distribution lines===
===Transmission and distribution lines===
As of end of 2012, Taiwan owned a total of 364,000 km length of transmission and distribution line with the voltage levels of the transmission system are 345 kV and 161 kV.<ref name="taipower1"/> All of the transmission lines are fully owned by [[Taipower]].<ref>http://www.energyonline.com/Reports/ViewReport.aspx?ReportID=62&Designing_Tariffs_for_Electricity_Transmission_and_Distribution_in_Taiwan</ref>
As of end of 2012, Taiwan owned a total of 364,000 km length of transmission and distribution line with the voltage levels of the transmission system are 345 kV and 161 kV.<ref name="taipower1"/> All of the transmission lines are fully owned by [[Taipower]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energyonline.com/Reports/ViewReport.aspx?ReportID=62&Designing_Tariffs_for_Electricity_Transmission_and_Distribution_in_Taiwan |title=LCG Consulting - EnergyOnline / Designing Tariffs for Electricity Transmission and Distribution in Taiwan |publisher=Energyonline.com |date= |accessdate=2014-06-09}}</ref>


Currently, Taipower is implementing the 6-year 7th Power Transmission and Substation Project starting January 2010 until December 2015 with a total investment of NT$ 238.9 billion.<ref>http://www.taipower.com.tw/e_content/content/construction/construction01-1.aspx?sid=1</ref> The project will completed a new and expanded section of transmission lines running 2,370 km, a group of 130 substations and an expanded main transformer capacity of 23,560 MVA.<ref>http://asian-power.com/co-written-partner/sponsored-articles/bringing-out-power-in-taiwan-0</ref>
Currently, Taipower is implementing the 6-year 7th Power Transmission and Substation Project starting January 2010 until December 2015 with a total investment of NT$ 238.9 billion.<ref name="taipower2">{{cite web|url=http://www.taipower.com.tw/e_content/content/construction/construction01-1.aspx?sid=1 |title=Taiwan power companyConstruction Project |publisher=Taipower.com.tw |date= |accessdate=2014-06-09}}</ref> The project will completed a new and expanded section of transmission lines running 2,370 km, a group of 130 substations and an expanded main transformer capacity of 23,560 MVA.<ref>{{cite web|author=CO-WRITTEN / PARTNER | Contributed Content, Taiwan |url=http://asian-power.com/co-written-partner/sponsored-articles/bringing-out-power-in-taiwan-0 |title=Bringing out the power in Taiwan |publisher=Asian Power |date= |accessdate=2014-06-09}}</ref>


===Substations and distribution system===
===Substations and distribution system===
As of end of 2012, there were 592 [[Electrical substation|substations]] within Taiwan's [[electrical grid]].<ref name="taipower1"/> Around 70% of its distribution system has been fully [[Power-system automation|automated]].<ref>http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Taiwan-Power-Quietly-Getting-the-Smart-Grid-Right</ref>
As of end of 2012, there were 592 [[Electrical substation|substations]] within Taiwan's [[electrical grid]].<ref name="taipower1"/> Around 70% of its distribution system has been fully [[Power-system automation|automated]].<ref name="greentechmedia1">{{cite web|url=http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Taiwan-Power-Quietly-Getting-the-Smart-Grid-Right |title=Taiwan Power: Quietly Getting the Smart Grid Right? |publisher=Greentech Media |date=2012-07-09 |accessdate=2014-06-09}}</ref>


===Smart grid===
===Smart grid===
Taipower allocated US$ 800 million worth of investment for the development of [[Electric power distribution|distribution]] automation and smart [[Electrical substation|substations]].<ref>http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Taiwan-Power-Quietly-Getting-the-Smart-Grid-Right</ref> In 2007, Taipower completed a [[smart grid]] roadmap for the future 20 years. It contains three phases, which are short term, medium term and long term. It also targets four areas, namely power grid safety and reliability, [[Energy conservation|energy efficiency]], [[Customer service|customer service quality]] and integration of [[Distributed generation|distributed power sources]].<ref>http://www.taipower.com.tw/e_content/content/construction/construction01-1.aspx?sid=1</ref>
Taipower allocated US$ 800 million worth of investment for the development of [[Electric power distribution|distribution]] automation and smart [[Electrical substation|substations]].<ref name="greentechmedia1"/> In 2007, Taipower completed a [[smart grid]] roadmap for the future 20 years. It contains three phases, which are short term, medium term and long term. It also targets four areas, namely power grid safety and reliability, [[Energy conservation|energy efficiency]], [[Customer service|customer service quality]] and integration of [[Distributed generation|distributed power sources]].<ref name="taipower2"/>


===Losses===
===Losses===
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===Electricity metering===
===Electricity metering===
[[File:Taiwan Power electricity meters 5258-62 - 5258-65.jpg|thumb|Taipower customer [[Electricity meter|kWh meters]]]]
[[File:Taiwan Power electricity meters 5258-62 - 5258-65.jpg|thumb|Taipower customer [[Electricity meter|kWh meters]]]]
Taiwan implements the usage of [[Smart meter|advanced metering infrastructure]] (AMI) as one of the [[Energy demand management|demand side management strategy]] to cut down energy consumption and upgrade energy usage efficiency with a total investment of US$ 2.74 billion.<ref>http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Taiwan-Power-Quietly-Getting-the-Smart-Grid-Right</ref> The [[Bureau of Energy]] of the [[Ministry of Economic Affairs (Taiwan)|Ministry of Economic Affairs]] instructed Taipower to do AMI installations to 23,600 [[high voltage]] customers and 10,000 [[low voltage]] customers in 2012. As of the end of 2011, Taipower has completed the 1,200 AMI installations for 1,200 high voltage customers.<ref>http://www.taipower.com.tw/e_content/content/construction/construction01-1.aspx?sid=1</ref>
Taiwan implements the usage of [[Smart meter|advanced metering infrastructure]] (AMI) as one of the [[Energy demand management|demand side management strategy]] to cut down energy consumption and upgrade energy usage efficiency with a total investment of US$ 2.74 billion.<ref name="greentechmedia1"/> The [[Bureau of Energy]] of the [[Ministry of Economic Affairs (Taiwan)|Ministry of Economic Affairs]] instructed Taipower to do AMI installations to 23,600 [[high voltage]] customers and 10,000 [[low voltage]] customers in 2012. As of the end of 2011, Taipower has completed the 1,200 AMI installations for 1,200 high voltage customers.<ref name="taipower2"/>


===Electricity saving===
===Electricity saving===

Revision as of 07:54, 9 June 2014

File:Using-electricity-efficaciously logo of Taiwan Power.jpg
Logo promoting the use of electricity efficiently in Taiwan

The electricity sector in Taiwan ranges from generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity, covering Taiwan island and its offshore islands.

Regulator

Taipower headquarter building in Taipei.

Electricity sector in Taiwan is regulated by its state-owned electric power utility company Taiwan Power Company (Taipower).[1]

Independent power producers

After the liberalization of Taiwan electricity market in 1995, there are total of 9 independent power producers in Taiwan up to date,[2] which are:

Generation

Electricity generation in Taiwan in 1980-2010

Installed capacity

At the end of 2013, the total installed capacity of electricity in Taiwan was 41.18 GW, which came from gas-based thermal (37.0%), coal-based thermal (27.4%), nuclear (12.5%), fuel-based thermal (8.1%), pumped storage hydro (6.3%), renewable energy (8.7%).[9][10][11]

Power generation

Total power generation in 2013 was 213.4 TWh, which comes from coal (38.4%), natural gas (31.1%), nuclear (18.8%), solar and wind (4.5%), co-generation (3.4%), oil (2.3%) and pumped-storage hydro (1.5%). In 2012, Taipower purchased 7,652.1 MW of electricity from Taiwan's current nine IPP.[9] Taiwan has seen an annual growth of 4.4% in terms of electricity generation in 1992-2012.

In terms of price to produce electricity, the average generation cost of electricity in Taiwan was US$ 7.0 cent/kWh, which consists of US$ 1.9 cent/kWh for nuclear, US$ 5.8 cent/kWh for coal and US$ 11.25 cent/kWh for natural gas.[10]

Taipower operates three types of power plant based on the generation characteristics, which are peaking power plant, load following power plant and base load power plant.[11]

In 2012, the base load power source constituted for 42.4% of the total power generation in Taiwan, below the expected level of 55-65%. Over the past decade, the capacity of peak load energy sources was between 10.3-14.8%, slightly lower than the expected 10-15% value.[9]

Power plants

Main article: List of power stations in Taiwan
Taichung Power Plant in Taichung.

As of end of 2007, Taiwan had a total of 78 power plants, which are 39 hydro power plants, 27 thermal power plants, 9 wind farms and 3 nuclear power plants.[12]

World records

Taiwan is home to Taichung Power Plant, the world's largest coal-fired power plant with a 5,500 MW installed capacity, with additional 324 MW from its gas turbine and wind power generated electricity. The power plant is located in Longjing District, Taichung.[13]

The Tatan Power Plant in Guanyin, Taoyuan is the world's largest gas turbine combined cycle power plant at the capacity of 4,419 MW.

Transmission and distribution

Electricity transmission line in Taichung.
Electricity transmission line river crossing in Yunlin County.
Primary Substation in Taipei.
Dispatch center in Keelung.
Electricity distribution line in Orchid Island, Taitung County.
Electricity distribution line in Yilan County.
Distribution transformers.

Transmission and distribution lines

As of end of 2012, Taiwan owned a total of 364,000 km length of transmission and distribution line with the voltage levels of the transmission system are 345 kV and 161 kV.[9] All of the transmission lines are fully owned by Taipower.[14]

Currently, Taipower is implementing the 6-year 7th Power Transmission and Substation Project starting January 2010 until December 2015 with a total investment of NT$ 238.9 billion.[15] The project will completed a new and expanded section of transmission lines running 2,370 km, a group of 130 substations and an expanded main transformer capacity of 23,560 MVA.[16]

Substations and distribution system

As of end of 2012, there were 592 substations within Taiwan's electrical grid.[9] Around 70% of its distribution system has been fully automated.[17]

Smart grid

Taipower allocated US$ 800 million worth of investment for the development of distribution automation and smart substations.[17] In 2007, Taipower completed a smart grid roadmap for the future 20 years. It contains three phases, which are short term, medium term and long term. It also targets four areas, namely power grid safety and reliability, energy efficiency, customer service quality and integration of distributed power sources.[15]

Losses

In 2012, Taiwan's transmission and distribution losses accounted for 2.37% and 2.05% respectively, with a total amount of 4.42%.[9][2]

Load

Rating

At the customers end, electricity in Taiwan uses 110 V and 60 Hz.[18]

Peak load

In 2012, the peak load in Taiwan's electrical grid was 33,081 MW.[9][19]

Electricity consumption

In 2012, the total annual electricity consumption in Taiwan was 198 TWh, ranging from industrial (54.9%), residential (20.4%), commercial (15.9%) and others (8.7%).[9] The per capita electricity consumption in 2012 was 10,424 kWh.[10]

Customers

In 2012, there were a total of almost 13 millions of electricity customers in Taiwan, ranging from residential (89.4%), commercials (7.6%), industrial (1.6%) and others (1.4%).[9]

Electricity metering

Taipower customer kWh meters

Taiwan implements the usage of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) as one of the demand side management strategy to cut down energy consumption and upgrade energy usage efficiency with a total investment of US$ 2.74 billion.[17] The Bureau of Energy of the Ministry of Economic Affairs instructed Taipower to do AMI installations to 23,600 high voltage customers and 10,000 low voltage customers in 2012. As of the end of 2011, Taipower has completed the 1,200 AMI installations for 1,200 high voltage customers.[15]

Electricity saving

To encourage the public for energy and electricity saving, Taipower continued to launch the Power-Saving Initiative Measures and Energy Conservation Competitions to encourage the public to save electricity. After the measures were taken in 2012, a total amount of 4.833 TWh of electricity was saved in that year with carbon dioxide reduction reaching 2.59 million tons.[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Renewable Energy". Re.org.tw. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  2. ^ a b "Renewable Energy". Re.org.tw. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  3. ^ "Ever Power IPP Co., Ltd. (长生电力) | Taiwan | Company Profile". Securities.com. 1996-01-30. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  4. ^ "HoPing Power Company (和平电力) | Taiwan | Company Profile". Securities.com. 1997-10-29. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  5. ^ "Hsin Tao Power Corp. (新桃电力) | Taiwan | Company Profile". Securities.com. 1998-06-16. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  6. ^ "Mai-Liao Power Corp. (麦寮汽电) | Taiwan | Company Profile". Securities.com. 1996-04-12. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  7. ^ "Star Energy Power Corp. (星能电力) | Taiwan | Company Profile". Securities.com. 2000-08-28. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  8. ^ "Sun Ba Power Corp. (森霸电力) | Taiwan | Company Profile". Securities.com. 2000-08-29. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j http://www.taipower.com.tw/e_content/content/report/..%5C..%5C..%5CUpFile%5CCompanyENFile%5C2013Taipower_English_EBook.pdf
  10. ^ a b c "Taiwan Nuclear Power". World-nuclear.org. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
  11. ^ a b Adam Hwang, DIGITIMES, Taipei [Wednesday 7 May 2014] (2014-05-07). "Taiwan generates 213,400GWh of power in 2013, says Taipower". Digitimes.com:8080. Retrieved 2014-06-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ "Liberalization of Power Market in Taiwan(Current Situation)". Web3.moeaboe.gov.tw. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  13. ^ "Taichung Power Plant- world's largest coal fired power plant | Morgan Energy Solutions". Morganenergysol.com. 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  14. ^ "LCG Consulting - EnergyOnline / Designing Tariffs for Electricity Transmission and Distribution in Taiwan". Energyonline.com. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
  15. ^ a b c "Taiwan power companyConstruction Project". Taipower.com.tw. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
  16. ^ CO-WRITTEN / PARTNER. "Bringing out the power in Taiwan". Asian Power. Retrieved 2014-06-09. {{cite web}}: Text "Contributed Content, Taiwan" ignored (help)
  17. ^ a b c "Taiwan Power: Quietly Getting the Smart Grid Right?". Greentech Media. 2012-07-09. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
  18. ^ "INTERNATIONAL LINE VOLTAGE STANDARDS - Controlled Power Company". Controlledpwr.com. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
  19. ^ "2011 Annual Report : Taiwan Power Company" (PDF). Taipower.com.tw. Retrieved 2013-11-11.
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