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After Indonesia's Independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the last sultan of Siak ([[Sultan Syarif Kasim II]]) declared his kingdom to have joined the [[Indonesia|Republic of Indonesia]].
After Indonesia's Independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the last sultan of Siak ([[Sultan Syarif Kasim II]]) declared his kingdom to have joined the [[Indonesia|Republic of Indonesia]].

==History==
The history of Riau before independence has been influenced by the history of Malay Islamic kingdom, Siak Sri Indrapura. The Siak-centered sultanate was founded by Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Rahmad Syah in 1725. The first Sultan died in 1746 and later posthumously given the title of ''Marhum Buantan''. The reign was continued to Sultan Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah (1746-1765) who ruled for about 19 ​​years. This second Sultan succeeded in making the Kingdom of Siak Sri lndrapura strong and triumphant.<ref name="dagri">{{cite web|url=http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/profil-daerah/provinsi/detail/14/riau|title=Provinsi Riau|publisher=Kementerian Dalam Negeri RI|accessdate=September 14, 2014}}</ref>

The third Sultan was Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Syah (1765-1766) had only ruled for a year. His real name was Tengku Ismail. His reign was under attacks of the [[VOC]] which took advantage of Tengku Alam (later became the fourth Sultan) as a shield. Sultan Abdul Jalil later dubbed ''Marhum Mangkat di Balai''. Tengku Alam (1766-1780) ascended to the throne after the death of Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin, with the title of Sultan Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Syah and posthumously given the title of ''Marhum Bukit''.<ref name="dagri"/>

The daughter of fourth Sultan, Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Syah, Badriyyah was married to [[Sayyid]] Uthman bin Abdurrahman Banahsan, a [[Hadhrami]] of [[Ba 'Alawi sada]] family. Their descendants from this marriage became Sultans, which was started since the seventh Sultan of Siak Indrapura (hence their names prefixed with word ''Syarif'' or ''Sayyid'').<ref name="dagri"/><ref>{{cite paper|url=http://library.ifla.org/182/1/220-aljunied-en.pdf|title=The genealogy of the Hadhrami Arabs in Southeast Asia – the ‘Alawi family|first= Zahra |last=Aljunied| publisher=National Library Board of Singapore| date=June 24, 2013| accessdate=September 14, 2014}}</ref>

The book of pedigree ''Shamsu al-Dzahirah'' which is the book of the [[Ba 'Alawi sada]] genealogy authored by Sayyid Abdurahman bin Mohammed Al-Mashoor (mufti of Tarim) and several other books such as ''Shajarah al-Zakiyah'' written by Yusuf bin Abdullah Jamalullail and ''al-Mu’jam al-Latif li Asbab al-Alqab wa al-Kunya fi al-Nasab al-Sharif'' by Sayyid Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Shatri, mention discussion about the Siak Sultanate which many people mistakenly thingk as of the ''Shahab'' families. The last name ''Shahabuddin'' given to Usman bin Abdurrahman who was married to the daughter of the Sultan of Siak is actuall just a title, as well titles given to his grandchildren such as ''Syaifuddin'', ''Kholiluddin'', or ''Jalaluddin''. Many descendants of Sayyid Usman bin Abdurrahman in Malaysia still use the ''Shahab'' title.<ref name="mashoor">{{cite web| url=http://benmashoor.wordpress.com/2010/05/17/kerajaan-siak-assegaf-bin-syahab-atau-banahsan/| title=Kerajaan Siak: Assegaf, bin Shahab atau Banahsan| language=id| date=May 17. 2010| accessdate=September 14, 2014}}</ref>

The fifth in throne was Sultan Muhammad Ali Abdul Jalil Muzzam Shah (1780-1782). During his reign the Sultanate of Siak relocated to Senapelan (now [[Pekanbaru]]). He is also the founder of the city of Pekanbaru, so since his death in 1782 he was titled with title ''Marhum Pekan''. Sultan Yahya Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah later took the position as the sixth sultan during 1782-1784. Like the previous sultan, Sultan Yahya also only had 2 years to rule. He died in 1784 and was named ''Marhum Mangkat di Dungun''.<ref name="dagri"/>

The seventh Sultan, Ali Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin [[Ba 'Alawi sada|Ba'alawi]], was the first sultan of Arab descent and holds the title ''al-Sayyid Sharif''. During his reign the Kingdom of Siak reached its peak. He died in 1810 and was named ''Marhum Kota Tinggi''.<ref name="dagri"/>

Ibrahim Abdul Jalil Khaliluddin was the eight sultan in the kingdom in 1810-1815, where his real name was Ibrahim. He died in 1815 and then was named the ''Marhum Mempura Kecil''. He was then followed by Sultan Syarif Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Ismail who took the reign during 1815-1854. His real name was Tengku Sayyid Ismail and after his death was given title ''Marhum Indrapura''. He was then followed by the next sultan, Kasyim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin I (Sharif Kasyim, ruled in 1864 to 1889. He died in 1889 and was named ''Marhum Mahkota''.
Syarif Hasyim Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah was in the reign during period 1889-1908. During his rule, many buildings were constructed which now have become the evidence of the Kingdom of Siak. He died in 1908 and was named ''Marhum Baginda''.<ref name="dagri"/>

The last Sultan of Siak was Syarif Kasyim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin (''Syarif Kasim II'', who was in throne in 1915-1949). The sultan with real name was Tengku Sulong went to the throne seven years after the death of his father Sultan Hasyim. In November 1945, Sultan Syarif Kasim II sent a cable to President of the Republic of Indonesia declaring allegiance to the newly created Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Not only that, the Sultan also handed over his property for the struggle of independence of the Republic of Indonesia.<ref name="dagri"/>



== List of Sultans of Siak ==
== List of Sultans of Siak ==
Line 59: Line 77:
* [[Pagaruyung Kingdom]]
* [[Pagaruyung Kingdom]]
* [[Johor Sultanate]]
* [[Johor Sultanate]]

==Reference==
{{reflist|2}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 71: Line 92:
[[Category:Sultanates]]
[[Category:Sultanates]]
[[Category:Former countries in Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Former countries in Southeast Asia]]

{{Indonesia-stub}}

Revision as of 00:58, 15 September 2014

Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura
1725–1946
CapitalBuantan, Mempura, Senapelan Pekanbaru, Siak Sri Indrapura
Common languagesMalay
Religion
Islam
GovernmentMonarchy
Sultan 
• 1725-1746
Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmad Syah I
• 1915-1949
Sultan Assyaidis Syarif Kasyim Abdul Jalif Syaifudin I (Syarif Kasyim II)
History 
• Founded
1725
• Join to Republic of Indonesia
1946
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Johor Sultanate
Pagaruyung Kingdom
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The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura, often called Sultanate of Siak (Indonesian: Kesultanan Siak Sri Inderapura), was a kingdom that was located at the Siak Regency, Riau from 1723 to 1946. It was founded by Raja Kecik from the Pagaruyung Kingdom (Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmad Syah I), after he failed to seize the throne of the Sultanate of Johor.

After Indonesia's Independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the last sultan of Siak (Sultan Syarif Kasim II) declared his kingdom to have joined the Republic of Indonesia.

History

The history of Riau before independence has been influenced by the history of Malay Islamic kingdom, Siak Sri Indrapura. The Siak-centered sultanate was founded by Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Rahmad Syah in 1725. The first Sultan died in 1746 and later posthumously given the title of Marhum Buantan. The reign was continued to Sultan Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah (1746-1765) who ruled for about 19 ​​years. This second Sultan succeeded in making the Kingdom of Siak Sri lndrapura strong and triumphant.[1]

The third Sultan was Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Syah (1765-1766) had only ruled for a year. His real name was Tengku Ismail. His reign was under attacks of the VOC which took advantage of Tengku Alam (later became the fourth Sultan) as a shield. Sultan Abdul Jalil later dubbed Marhum Mangkat di Balai. Tengku Alam (1766-1780) ascended to the throne after the death of Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin, with the title of Sultan Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Syah and posthumously given the title of Marhum Bukit.[1]

The daughter of fourth Sultan, Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Syah, Badriyyah was married to Sayyid Uthman bin Abdurrahman Banahsan, a Hadhrami of Ba 'Alawi sada family. Their descendants from this marriage became Sultans, which was started since the seventh Sultan of Siak Indrapura (hence their names prefixed with word Syarif or Sayyid).[1][2]

The book of pedigree Shamsu al-Dzahirah which is the book of the Ba 'Alawi sada genealogy authored by Sayyid Abdurahman bin Mohammed Al-Mashoor (mufti of Tarim) and several other books such as Shajarah al-Zakiyah written by Yusuf bin Abdullah Jamalullail and al-Mu’jam al-Latif li Asbab al-Alqab wa al-Kunya fi al-Nasab al-Sharif by Sayyid Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Shatri, mention discussion about the Siak Sultanate which many people mistakenly thingk as of the Shahab families. The last name Shahabuddin given to Usman bin Abdurrahman who was married to the daughter of the Sultan of Siak is actuall just a title, as well titles given to his grandchildren such as Syaifuddin, Kholiluddin, or Jalaluddin. Many descendants of Sayyid Usman bin Abdurrahman in Malaysia still use the Shahab title.[3]

The fifth in throne was Sultan Muhammad Ali Abdul Jalil Muzzam Shah (1780-1782). During his reign the Sultanate of Siak relocated to Senapelan (now Pekanbaru). He is also the founder of the city of Pekanbaru, so since his death in 1782 he was titled with title Marhum Pekan. Sultan Yahya Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah later took the position as the sixth sultan during 1782-1784. Like the previous sultan, Sultan Yahya also only had 2 years to rule. He died in 1784 and was named Marhum Mangkat di Dungun.[1]

The seventh Sultan, Ali Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin Ba'alawi, was the first sultan of Arab descent and holds the title al-Sayyid Sharif. During his reign the Kingdom of Siak reached its peak. He died in 1810 and was named Marhum Kota Tinggi.[1]

Ibrahim Abdul Jalil Khaliluddin was the eight sultan in the kingdom in 1810-1815, where his real name was Ibrahim. He died in 1815 and then was named the Marhum Mempura Kecil. He was then followed by Sultan Syarif Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Ismail who took the reign during 1815-1854. His real name was Tengku Sayyid Ismail and after his death was given title Marhum Indrapura. He was then followed by the next sultan, Kasyim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin I (Sharif Kasyim, ruled in 1864 to 1889. He died in 1889 and was named Marhum Mahkota. Syarif Hasyim Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah was in the reign during period 1889-1908. During his rule, many buildings were constructed which now have become the evidence of the Kingdom of Siak. He died in 1908 and was named Marhum Baginda.[1]

The last Sultan of Siak was Syarif Kasyim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin (Syarif Kasim II, who was in throne in 1915-1949). The sultan with real name was Tengku Sulong went to the throne seven years after the death of his father Sultan Hasyim. In November 1945, Sultan Syarif Kasim II sent a cable to President of the Republic of Indonesia declaring allegiance to the newly created Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Not only that, the Sultan also handed over his property for the struggle of independence of the Republic of Indonesia.[1]


List of Sultans of Siak

  1. Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmad Syah I (1725–1746)
  2. Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmad Syah II (1746–1765)
  3. Sultan Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Syah (1765–1766)
  4. Sultan Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Syah (1766–1780)
  5. Sultan Muhammad Ali Abdul Jalil Muazzam Syah (1780–1782)
  6. Sultan Yahya Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Syah (17821784)
  7. Sultan Assaidis Asyarif Ali Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin Baalawi (1784–1810)
  8. Sultan Asyaidis Syarif Ibrahim Abdul Jalil Khaliluddin (1810–1815)
  9. Sultan Assyaidis Syarif Ismail Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin (1815–1854)
  10. Sultan Assyaidis Syarif Kasyim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin I (Syarif Kasyim I, 1864–1889)
  11. Sultan Assyaidis Syarif Hasyim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin (1889–1908)
  12. Sultan Assyaidis Syarif Kasyim Abdul Jalif Syaifudin I (Syarif Kasim II), (1915–1949)

See also

Reference

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Provinsi Riau". Kementerian Dalam Negeri RI. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
  2. ^ Aljunied, Zahra (June 24, 2013). "The genealogy of the Hadhrami Arabs in Southeast Asia – the 'Alawi family" (PDF). National Library Board of Singapore. Retrieved September 14, 2014. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ "Kerajaan Siak: Assegaf, bin Shahab atau Banahsan" (in Indonesian). May 17. 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2014. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

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