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{{db-repost|1=Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Flower of Life (2nd nomination)|help=off}}
[[Image:Flower-of-Life-small.png|frame|right|The Flower of Life (click image for links to further images).]]
[[Image:Flower-of-Life-small.png|frame|right|The Flower of Life (click image for links to further images).]]
:''This article deals with the Flower of Life in real-world references. For the same-named flower in [[fiction]], see [[Flower of Life (manga)]].''
:''This article deals with the Flower of Life in real-world references. For the same-named flower in [[fiction]], see [[Flower of Life (manga)]].''

Revision as of 04:59, 4 November 2015

The Flower of Life (click image for links to further images).
This article deals with the Flower of Life in real-world references. For the same-named flower in fiction, see Flower of Life (manga).

The Flower of Life (FOL) is a geometrical figure composed of multiple evenly-spaced, overlapping circles, that are arranged so that they form a flower-like pattern with a six-fold symmetry like a hexagon. The center of each circle is on the circumference of six surrounding circles of the same diameter.

The FOL symbol is over six millennia old.[1] Throughout human history, philosophers, artists, and architects around the world have known the FOL for its perfect form, proportion, and harmony.[1] It is considered to be a symbol of sacred geometry, said to contain ancient, religious value depicting the fundamental forms of space and time.[2][3][4][5] In this sense, it is a visual expression of the connections life weaves through all mankind, believed by some to contain a type of Akashic Record of basic information of all living things.[6]

There are many religious beliefs associated with the FOL, and this article provides a concise overview of only some of those beliefs. For example, depictions of the five Platonic Solids are found within the symbol of Metatron's Cube, which may be derived from the FOL pattern. These platonic solids are geometrical forms which are said to act as a template from which all life springs.[7]

Another notable example of that which may be derived from the FOL is the Tree of Life. This has been an important symbol of sacred geometry for many people from various religious backgrounds. Particularly, the teachings of the Kabbalah have dealt intricately with the Tree of Life.[8]

Significant meaning may be found by those viewing even the most basic components of the Flower of Life's design. The stages which construct the Seed of Life are said to represent the seven days of Creation, in which God created life; Genesis 2:2–3, Exodus 23:12, 31:16–17, Isaiah 56:6–8. Within these stages, among other things, are the symbols of the Vesica Piscis (an ancient religious symbol) and Borromean rings, which represent the Holy Trinity.[2]

[3][9]

Occurances

The Flower of Life is one of the oldest symbols known to man and has represented important meaning to many people throughout history. It can be found in the temples, art, and manuscripts of cultures from all over the world. The following are some of the locations in which the FOL symbol has been sighted.

The Flower of Life set in stone at the Temple of Osiris at Abydos, Egypt.

Egypt, the oldest known example

The Temple of Osiris at Abydos, Egypt contains the oldest known examples of the Flower of Life.[4][13] They are at least over 6,000 years old (Rawles 1997).[10][11][12] and may date back to as long ago as 10,500 B.C. or earlier.[5] If this is the case, it would seem unimaginable for a tribal culture to have constructed the pyramid, given the size and shape of the stones used in its construction.[5]

The FOL pattern was placed upon the granite siding of this temple. It appears that it had not been carved into the granite and instead may have been burned into the granite or somehow drawn on it with incredible precision.[12]

It has been said that the FOL may possibly represent the Eye of Horus, a sacred symbol which pertains to the authority of the pharaoh.

Christianity

Christianity has many symbolic connections to the Flower of Life. Most notably, the Seed of Life and components within the Seed of Life have strong Christian meaning to them. Such components are the Spherical Octahedron, Vesica Piscis, Tripod of Life, and Tree of Life. Also the symbol of Metatron's Cube is delineated by a component of the Flower of Life and has appeared in Christian art.[14]

Kabbalah / Judaism

The Kabbalah, which has historically been studied by the followers of Judaism, holds some symbolic connections to the Flower of Life.

The symbol of the Tree of Life, which may be derived from the design of the Flower of Life, is studied as part of the teachings of the Kabbalah.[8][15][16]

Additionally, the symbol of Metatron's Cube, found by connecting the centers of each circle in the Fruit of Life, is seen in early Kabbalist scriptures.[17]

New Age

In New Age thought, the Flower of Life has provided what is considered to be deep spiritual meaning and forms of enlightenment to those who have studied it as sacred geometry.[2][3] There are groups of people all over the world who derive particular beliefs and forms of meditation based (at least in part) on the Flower of Life. FlowerofLife.org, for example, coordinates workshops at locations all over the world, in which they teach their New Age beliefs, methods, and interpretations of the Flower of Life.[2][3][18]

Other religions

The concept of the Tree of life has been adopted by some Hermeticists and pagans. The symbol of the Tree of Life may be derived from the Flower of Life.[8]

One of the earliest known occurances of the Vesica Piscis, and perhaps first, was among the Pythagoreans, who considered it a holy figure. The Vesica Piscis is a basic component of the Flower of Life.[19]

Secret societies

The Flower of Life has purportedly been the subject of study by groups such as the Freemasons[5] and the Illuminati.[16] They believed it to be the oldest recorded language which held clues to the workings of the universe.[5]

Alchemy

Components of the Flower of Life have been apart of the work of Alchemists. Metatron's Cube is a symbol derived from the Flower of Life which was used as a containment circle or creation circle.[17]

Leonardo da Vinci's drawing of the Flower of Life
Leonardo da Vinci's drawings derived from the Flower of Life

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci has studied the Flower of Life's form and its mathematical properties. He has drawn the Flower of Life itself, as well as components therein, such as the Seed of Life. He has drawn geometric figures representing shapes such as the platonic solids, a sphere, a torus, etc., and has also used the golden ratio of phi in his artwork; all of which may be derived from the Flower of Life design.[3][6][20][21][22][23][24][25]

Da Vinci's Challenge

Main article: Da Vinci's Challenge

Recently there have been a number of games by the name of Da Vinci's Challenge (board game, card game, etc.) which use da Vinci's studies of the Flower of Life as the games' theme.[13][21]

Emblem of the Parc naturel régional du Queyras

Flag of Padania

In some renditions, the rosette on the unofficial flag of Padania is a Seed of Life (part of the Flower of Life) pattern. A rosette from the FOL pattern is also used as a basis for traditional Pennsylvania Dutch building ornamentation (see Folk Art of Rural Pennsylvania by Frances Lichten, 1946), and in the Queyras Park logo.

Flag of Arpitania created by the ONG Aliance Culturèla Arpitanna

Sacred geometry

Main article: Sacred geometry

Sacred geometry can be described as a belief system attributing a religious or cultural value to many of the fundamental forms of space and time. According to this belief system, the basic patterns of existence are perceived as sacred because in contemplating them one is contemplating the origin of all things. By studying the nature of these forms and their relationship to each other, one may seek to gain insight into the scientific, philosophical, psychological, aesthetic and mystical laws of the universe.[26][27]

The Flower of Life is considered to be a symbol of sacred geometry, said to contain ancient, religious value depicting the fundamental forms of space and time.[2][3][4][5] In this sense, it is a visual expression of the connections life weaves through all mankind, believed by some to contain a type of Akashic Record of basic information of all living things.[6]

Composition

There are many symbols found within the Flower of Life's design, each believed to possess significant meaning.

Seed of Life

File:Seed-of-Life.jpg
The Seed of Life (a component of the Flower of Life)

The "Seed of Life" is formed from seven circles being placed with six-fold symmetry, forming a pattern of circles and lenses, which acts as a basic component of the Flower of Life's design.[11][28][29][30]

According to some religious beliefs, the Seed of Life is a symbol of depicting the seven days of Creation in which God created life; Genesis 2:2–3, Exodus 23:12, 31:16–17, Isaiah 56:6–8. The first day is believed to be the creation of the Vesica Piscis, then the creation of the Tripod of Life on the second day, followed by one sphere added for each subsequent day until all seven spheres construct the Seed of Life on the sixth day of Creation. The seventh day is the day of rest, known as the "Sabbath" or "Shabbat." [10][28][30]

In the 13th Century, a Cabalist's group from France succeeded, through geometric interpretation, in dividing the entire Hebrew alphabet in its correct order using the Seed of Life. The resulting alphabet was remarkably similar to that of the Religious sage Rashi who wrote his commentaries on the Old Testament at that time in France.[30]

File:Seed-of-Life Stages.jpg
Octahedron (Animation)

Spherical octahedron

The first step in forming the Seed of Life (or Flower of Life) is to begin with a circle (as in a 2D model) or a sphere (as in a 3D model).[31]

According to some religious beliefs, the first step in building the Seed of Life was the creation of the Octahedron by a divine "Creator" (or "God"). The next step was for the Creator to spin the shape on its axes. In this way a sphere is formed (see diagram). The Creator's consciousness is said to exist within the sphere and the only thing that physically exists is the membrane of the sphere itself. This "first step" is not to be confused with the "first day," the latter being in reference to the seven days of Creation.[10][30][31]

The vesica piscis

Vesica Piscis

Main article: Vesica piscis

The Vesica Piscis is formed from two intersecting circles of the same diameter, where the center of each circle is on the circumference of the opposite circle.[29][32] Its design is one of the simplest forms of sacred geometry. It has been depicted around the world at sacred sites, most notably at the Chalice Well in Glastonbury, England,[33] and has been the subject of mystical speculation at several periods of history.[34] One of the earliest known occurances of the Vesica Piscis, and perhaps first, was among the Pythagoreans, who considered it a holy figure.[34]

According to some religious beliefs, the Vesica Piscis represents the second stage in the creation of the Seed of Life, in that it was constructed by "the Creator" (or "God") through the creation of a second Spherical Octahedron joined with the first. It is said that the Creator's consciousness began inside the first sphere and journeyed outside the surface of that sphere to create the second. Purportedly in reference to this, the Old Testament refers to "the spirit of the Creator floating upon the face of the waters."[10][30]

Continuing with these beliefs, God is said to have created light through the creation of the second sphere (or Vesica Piscis). "Let there be light" is a relevant excerpt from the Old Testament. The pattern of the Vesica Piscis is said to be a geometric formula which represents the electromagnetic spectrum of light. For further information on how this can be done, see Drunvalo Melchizedek's book, The Ancient Secret of The Flower of Life.[3][10][30][32]

The Vesica Piscis has been called a symbol of the fusion of opposites and a passageway through the world’s apparent polarities.[35] It has also been noted as the geometry for the human eye.[35] This may have a connection to the symbol of the Eye of Providence, which is said to represent God.[36] It is also known to be the basis for the Ichthys fish, which is a Christian symbol representing "The Son," Jesus Christ.[37]

File:Tripod-of-Life Holy-Trinity.jpg
The Tripod of Life, representing the Holy Trinity.

Tripod of Life / Borromean rings

Main article: Borromean rings

The "Tripod of Life" (also known as "Borromean rings") is formed from a third circle being added to the Vesica Piscis, where the third circle's center point is placed at the intersection of the first two circles' circumferences.[33][38] In physiology, the term "Tripod of Life" represents the three organs of the heart, lungs, and brain; so called because their united action is necessary for the sustenance of life.[39][40] To some, it represents the mind, body, and spirit.[6] Most notably, in (Christian) religion, the Tripod of Life symbolizes the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit of the Holy Trinity.[41][42][43]

Tube Torus

The geometric figure of a Tube Torus represented by the Seed of Life.
Main article: Torus

A basic one dimensional depiction of the "Tube Torus" shape is formed by ratcheting the Seed of Life and duplicating the lines in its design. In Physics, the Tube Torus is considered a basic structure in the study of Vortex forms. Some say the Tube Torus contains a code of vortex energy that describes light and language in a unique way, perhaps as something of an Akashic Record.[5][29]

File:Egg-of-Life Stages.jpg

Egg of Life

The "Egg of Life" symbol is composed of seven circles taken from the design of the Flower of Life.[44][45]

The shape of the Egg of Life is said to be the shape of a multi-cellular embryo in its first hours of creation.[5][46]

Derived from the Egg of Life is the basis for the following geometrical figures.[45]

Fruit of Life

The "Fruit of Life" symbol is composed of 13 circles taken from the design of the Flower of Life.[47][48]

The Fruit of Life is said to be the blueprint of the universe, containing the basis for the design of every atom, molecular structure, life form, and everything in existence.[30][47] It contains the geometric basis for the delineation of Metatron's Cube, which brings forth the platonic solids.

Metatron's Cube

Metatron's Cube

The Fruit of Life pattern contains the basis for the layout of Metatron's Cube. The Fruit of Life has thirteen circles. If each circle's centre is considered a "node", and each node is connected to each other node with a single line, a total of seventy-eight lines are created, forming a type of cube. Within this cube, many other shapes can be found, including two-dimensionally flattened versions of the five platonic solids.[6][48][49][50][51]

In early Kabbalist scriptures, Metatron supposedly forms the cube from his soul. This cube can later be seen in Christian art, where it appears on his chest or floating behind him. Metatron's cube is also considered a holy glyph, and was often drawn around an object or person to ward off demons and satanic powers. This idea is also present in alchemy, in which the cube was favoured as a containment circle or creation circle.[50][51]

The five Platonic Solids derived from the Fruit of Life.
The five Platonic Solids derived from the Fruit of Life.

Platonic solids

Main article: Platonic solids
Tetrahedron Hexahedron
or Cube		 Octahedron Dodecahedron Icosahedron

(Animation)


(Animation)


(Animation)


(Animation)


(Animation)

Metatron's Cube is a template that delineates the Platonic solids. The Platonic solids are five structures that are crucial because they are the building blocks of organic life. These five structures are found in minerals, animated and organic life forms, sound, music, language, etc.[6][50][51][52][53]

In Geometry, a Platonic solid is a convex regular polyhedron. These are the three-dimensional analogs of the regular polygons. There are precisely five such figures (shown below). The name of each figure is derived from the number of its faces: respectively 4, 6, 8, 12 and 20. They are unique in that the sides, edges and angles are all congruent.[54][55]

Due to their aesthetic beauty and symmetry, the Platonic solids have been a favorite subject of geometers for thousands of years. They are named for the ancient Greek philosopher Plato who claimed the classical elements were constructed from the regular solids.[54]

[56][57][58][59][60][61]

Tree of Life

The Tree of Life derived from the Flower of Life.
Main article: Tree of life

The symbol of the Tree of Life may be derived from the Flower of Life. The Tree of Life is a mystical concept, a metaphor for common descent, and a motif in various world theologies and philosophies.[62] This mystical concept has historically been adopted by some Christians, Jews, Hermeticists, and pagans.[63] Along with the Seed of Life it is believed to be part of the geometry that parallels the cycle of the fruit tree. This relationship is implied when these two forms are superimposed upon each other.[64]

The Tree of Life is most widely recognized as a mystical concept within the Kabbalah, which is used to understand the nature of God and the manner in which He created the world ex nihilo (out of nothing). The Kabbalists developed this concept into a full model of reality, using the tree to depict a "map" of Creation. The tree of life has been called the "cosmology" of the Kabbalah.[63]

Some believe the Tree of Life of Kabbalah corresponds to the Tree of Life mentioned in Genesis 2:9.[63]

Drawing

A Flower of Life pattern can be constructed with a pen, compass and paper, by creating multiple series of interlinking circles.[65]

See also

Further reading

  • Melchizedek, Drunvalo (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 1. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 228pp. 1-891824-17-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Melchizedek, Drunvalo (2000). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 2. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 252pp. 1-891824-21-X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • The Emerald Tablets of Thoth the Atlantean, translated by Doreal, Brotherhood of the White Temple, Castle Rock, CO, 1939. Obtainable from Light Technology Publishing.
  • Reti, Ladislao (1990). The Unknown Leonardo. New York: Abradale Press, Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Reti, Ladislao (1974). The Unknown Leonardo. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Book Company. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  • Lawlor, Robert (1982). Sacred Geometry: Philosophy and Practice. London: Thames & Hudson. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

References

  1. ^ a b (See the Occurances section of this article)
  2. ^ a b c d e Melchizedek, Drunvalo (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 1. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 228pp. 1-891824-17-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Melchizedek, Drunvalo (2000). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 2. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 252pp. 1-891824-21-X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ a b c FlowerofLife.org - Meditation workshops
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i SanGraal.com - Information regarding the FOL, from the son of a Mason.
  6. ^ a b c d e f PaganAndProud.BravePages.com - Sacred Geometry
  7. ^ * (See the Metatron's Cube section of this article) * (See the Platonic Solids section of this article)
  8. ^ a b c (See the Tree of Life section of this article)
  9. ^ * (See the Seed of Life section of this article) * (See the Vesica Piscis section of this article) * (See the Tripod of Life / Borromean rings section of this article)
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Mendhak.com - Sacred Geometry
  11. ^ a b c d Weisstein, Eric W. "Seed of Life." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. [1]
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i FlowerofLife.org - Overview: Page 2
  13. ^ a b c Da Vinci's Challenge
  14. ^ References for the Christianity section of this article:
  15. ^ SpiralofLight.com - Sacred Geometry.
  16. ^ a b The Illuminati (2005), by Chris Everard
  17. ^ a b (See the Metatron's Cube section of this article)
  18. ^ FlowerofLife.org
  19. ^ (See the Vesica Piscis section of this article)
  20. ^ Reti, Ladislao (1990). The Unknown Leonardo. New York: Abradale Press, Harry Abrams, Inc., Publishers.
  21. ^ a b MonkeyBuddha.BlogSpot.com - Information about the FOL in regards to Da Vinci's Challenge games.
  22. ^ Plus.Maths.org : Maths and art
  23. ^ Home.cc.UManitoba.ca : Leonardo da Vinci Drawings
  24. ^ FlowerofLife.org : The Golden Mean Spiral and The Merkaba : Page 9
  25. ^ Crystalinks.com - Article on Leonardo da Vinci.
  26. ^ Lawlor, Robert (1982). Sacred Geometry: Philosophy and Practice. London: Thames & Hudson. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  27. ^ Sacred geometry
  28. ^ a b Melchizedek, Drunvalo (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 1. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 153p. 1-891824-17-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  29. ^ a b c FlowerofLife.org - Overview: Page 5
  30. ^ a b c d e f g KA-Gold-Jewelry.com - Seed of Life
  31. ^ a b Melchizedek, Drunvalo (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 1. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 149p. 1-891824-17-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  32. ^ a b Melchizedek, Drunvalo (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 1. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 151p. 1-891824-17-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  33. ^ a b FlowerofLife.org - Overview: Page 4
  34. ^ a b Vesica piscis
  35. ^ a b SpiralofLight.com - Sacred Geometry & Images by Mika Feinberg
  36. ^ Eye of Providence
  37. ^ Ichthys
  38. ^ Melchizedek, Drunvalo (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 1. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 152pp. 1-891824-17-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  39. ^ TheFreeDictionary.com - Tripod of Life
  40. ^ Sacred-Texts.com - Pt. 2, Ch. 2, P. 135
  41. ^ GloriaDeiWichita.com - Depicts a Holy Trinity banner with the Tripod of Life
  42. ^ HolyTrinity.us - Uses the Tripod of Life to symbolize the Holy Trinity.
  43. ^ en.LinuxReviews.org - Draws the Tripod of Life
  44. ^ Melchizedek, Drunvalo (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 1. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 158p. 1-891824-17-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  45. ^ a b FlowerofLife.org - Overview: Page 6
  46. ^ KA-Gold-Jewelry.com - Egg of Life: Silver pendant
  47. ^ a b Melchizedek, Drunvalo (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 1. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 160p. 1-891824-17-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  48. ^ a b FlowerofLife.org - Overview: Page 7
  49. ^ Melchizedek, Drunvalo (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 1. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 161p. 1-891824-17-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  50. ^ a b c Metatron's Cube
  51. ^ a b c Metatron's Cube from Cubic Awareness Online, accessed July 6, 2006
  52. ^ Melchizedek, Drunvalo (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 1. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 161p. 1-891824-17-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  53. ^ FlowerofLife.org - Overview: Page 8
  54. ^ a b Platonic solids
  55. ^ Melchizedek, Drunvalo (1990, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life Volume 1. Light Technology Publishing, Clear Light Trust. pp. 228pp. 1-891824-17-1. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  56. ^ Atiyah, Michael (2003). "Polyhedra in Physics, Chemistry and Geometry". Milan J. Math. 71: 33–58. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  57. ^ Carl, Boyer (1989). A History of Mathematics (2nd ed. ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-54397-7. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  58. ^ Coxeter, H. S. M. (1973). Regular Polytopes (3rd ed. ed.). New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-61480-8. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  59. ^ Euclid (1956). Heath, Thomas L. (ed.). The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements, Books 10–13 (2nd unabr. ed. ed.). New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-60090-4. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  60. ^ Haeckel, E. (1904). Kunstformen der Natur. Available as Haeckel, E. (1998); Art forms in nature, Prestel USA. ISBN 3-7913-1990-6, or online at [2].
  61. ^ Weyl, Hermann (1952). Symmetry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02374-3.
  62. ^ Tree of life
  63. ^ a b c Tree of life (Kabbalah)
  64. ^ SpiralofLife.com - Sacred Geometry
  65. ^ FlowerofLife.org : Overview : Page 4
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