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| howmany2 = Thousands<ref name=NYTnumbers>{{cite news |first1=Nicholas |last1=Casey |author2=Patricia Torres |date=19 April 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/world/americas/venezuela-caracas-maduro-protests.html?_r=1 |title=At Least 3 Die in Venezuela Protests Against Nicolás Maduro |website=The New York Times |accessdate=20 April 2017 }}</ref>
| howmany2 = Thousands<ref name=NYTnumbers>{{cite news |first1=Nicholas |last1=Casey |author2=Patricia Torres |date=19 April 2017 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/19/world/americas/venezuela-caracas-maduro-protests.html?_r=1 |title=At Least 3 Die in Venezuela Protests Against Nicolás Maduro |website=The New York Times |accessdate=20 April 2017 }}</ref>
| howmany3 =
| howmany3 =
| fatalities = 29<ref name="USarrDEAinj">{{cite news|title=Venezuela Goes Through With Threat to Leave the OAS|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-04-26/venezuela-threatens-to-exit-oas-as-pressure-on-maduro-mounts|accessdate=27 April 2017|work=[[US News & World Report]]|date=26 April 2017}}</ref>
| fatalities = +40<ref name="VOXdeath">{{cite news|last1=Rosas|first1=Pedro|title=How Venezuela’s supreme court triggered one of the biggest political crises in the country’s history|url=https://www.vox.com/world/2017/5/1/15408828/venezuela-protests-maduro-parliament-supreme-court-crisis|accessdate=1 May 2017|work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]]|date=1 May 2017}}</ref>
| injuries = +400<ref name="USarrDEAinj">{{cite news|title=Venezuela Goes Through With Threat to Leave the OAS|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-04-26/venezuela-threatens-to-exit-oas-as-pressure-on-maduro-mounts|accessdate=27 April 2017|work=[[US News & World Report]]|date=26 April 2017}}</ref>
| injuries = 400+<ref name="USarrDEAinj"/>
| arrests = +1,300<ref name="USarrDEAinj"/>
| arrests = +1,300<ref name="USarrDEAinj"/>
| charged =
| charged =

Revision as of 23:22, 1 May 2017

2017 Venezuelan protests
Part of 2014–17 Venezuelan protests
Top to bottom, left to right:
Mother of All Marches on Francisco Fajardo Freeway. Julio Borges speaking on 1 April following the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis. Image of President Maduro reading "Get out dictator".
DateJanuary 2017–present
Location
 Venezuela
Parties

Venezuelan opposition

National Assembly (majority)

Democratic Unity Roundtable
(VP, PF, UNT, AD, COPEI and others)

Movimiento Estudiantil
(Student opposition organization)

Anti-government protesters

  • Anti-government students
Lead figures
Number

Up to 6 million[1]

Thousands[4]
Casualties
Death(s)+40[5]
Injuries+400[6]
Arrested+1,300[6]

The 2017 Venezuelan protests are a series of protests that occurred throughout Venezuela in 2017. Protests began in January 2017 after the arrest of multiple opposition leaders and the cancellation of dialogue between the opposition and Nicolas Maduro's Bolivarian government.

As the tensions continued, the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis occurred when the pro-Maduro Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) dissolved the opposition-led National Assembly, with the intensity of protests increasing greatly throughout Venezuela following the decision.[7][8][9] The protests grew "into the most combative since a wave of unrest in 2014" resulting from the crisis.[10]

Background

Main article: Crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela
Late-2015 video of Venezuelans eating from garbage.

Following the death of President Hugo Chávez, Venezuela faced a severe socioeconomic crisis during the presidency of his successor, Nicolás Maduro, as a result of Chávez's policies and Maduro's continuation of them.[11][12][13][14] Due to the country's high levels of urban violence, inflation, and chronic shortages of basic goods attributed to economic policies such as strict price controls,[15][16] civil insurrection in Venezuela culminated in the 2014–17 protests.[17][18] Protests occurred over the years, with demonstrations occurring in various intensities depending on the crises Venezuelans were facing at the time and the perceived threat of being repressed by authorities.[19][20][21][22]

The discontent with the Bolivarian government saw the opposition being elected to hold the majority in the National Assembly for the first time since 1999 following the 2015 parliamentary election.[23] As a result of that election, the lame duck National Assembly consisting of Bolivarian officials filled the TSJ with allies.[23][24] Into early 2016, the TSJ alleged that voting irregularities occurred in the 2015 parliamentary elections and stripped four lawmakers of their seats, preventing an opposition supermajority in the National Assembly which would be able to challenge President Maduro.[23] The TSJ court then began to approve of multiple actions performed by Maduro and granted him more powers.[23]

After facing years of crisis, the Venezuelan opposition pursued a recall referendum against President Maduro, presenting a petition to the National Electoral Council (CNE) on 2 May 2016.[25] By August 2016, the momentum to recall President Maduro appeared to be progressing, with the CNE setting a date for the second phase of collecting signatures, though it made the schedule strenuous, stretching the process into 2017 which made it impossible for the opposition to activate new presidential elections.[26] On 21 October 2016, the CNE suspended the referendum only days before preliminary signature-gatherings were to be held.[27] The CNE blamed alleged voter fraud as the reason for the cancellation of the referendum.[27] International observers criticized the move, stating that CNE's decision made Maduro look as if he were seeking to rule as a dictator.[28][29][30][31]

Days after the recall movement was cancelled, 1.2 million Venezuelans protested throughout the country against the move, demanding President Maduro to leave office, with Caracas protests remaining calm while protests in other states resulted in clashes between demonstrators and authorities, leaving one policeman dead, 120 injured and 147 arrested.[32] That day the opposition gave President Maduro a deadline of 3 November 2016 to hold elections, with opposition leader Henrique Capriles stating, "Today we are giving a deadline to the government. I tell the coward who is in Miraflores ... that on 3 November the Venezuelan people are coming to Caracas because we are going to Miraflores".[32]

Days later on 1 November 2016, then National Assembly President and opposition leader Henry Ramos Allup announced the cancellation of the 3 November march to the Miraflores presidential palace, with Vatican-led dialogue between the opposition and the government beginning.[33] By 7 December 2016, dialogue halted between the two[34] and two months later on 13 January 2017 after talks stalled, the Vatican officially pulled out of the dialogue.[35]

Timeline

Main article: Timeline of the 2017 Venezuelan protests

Protests were originally much smaller in the early months of 2017 due to the fear of repression.[36] The first large protest to occur in 2017 was on 23 January 2017, with several thousand Venezuelans participating.[36] Following that day of protest, opposition leader Henrique Capriles stated that only surprise protests would occur for the meantime.[36] The next day, the first surprise demonstration occurs with only hundreds of Venezuelans attending, blocking the Francisco Fajardo highway in both directions holding a sign saying "Elections now", with Venezuelan authorities not being able to respond until an hour later when the protest was peacefully broken up.[37] There were no other surprise protests to follow.

Students protesting against rulings outside of the TSJ on 31 March 2017.

On 29 March 2017, the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis begins, with immunity being taken away from opposition parliamentarians by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela (TSJ), with the TSJ assuming legislative powers of the opposition-controlled National Assembly.[38][39] Days later, the Supreme Court reversed its decision on 1 April, though the opposition argued that the juridic action was still a "coup".[40] Protests following the constitutional crisis grew "into the most combative since a wave of unrest in 2014".[41][42] Weeks later on 14 April 2017, the opposition announced the "Grand March and Great Taking in All States", later known as the "Moter of All Marches", to take place on 19 April to "overflow" Caracas.[43][44]

Further information: Mother of All Marches
Altamira Square, one of the meeting points of the Mother of All Marches.

On 19 April 2017, the "mother of all protests," as it was called by organizers,[45] occurred. The day began with demonstrators gathering around the country at about 10:30am, with Caracas having 26 different routes for the main march to head to the office of the Ombudsman to demonstrate.[46] As the march progressed through Caracas, the National Guard began to block routes and fire tear gas at marchers at 11:50am, with the demonstrators refusing to leave despite the use of force.[46] At about 12:30pm, demonstrations by both opposition and pro-government Venezuelans fill Caracas' avenues.[46] Shortly after 12:45pm, protesters on the Francisco Fajardo Freeway near Bello Monte begin to flee the area after enduring over an hour of tear gas from authorities, with many leaping into the Guaire River, which is used for sewage drainage, to avoid the gas.[47][48] Near 2:10pm, a 17-year-old boy was shot in the head and killed at a protest.[46] At about 4:35pm, pro-government paramilitaries called colectivos shot and killed Paola Ramirez, a 23-year-old woman who was protesting.[46] Later in the evening, a National Guardsman was killed south of Caracas, the first authority killed in the year's protests, with the day's deaths raising the death toll of 2017 protests to at least 8 people.[49] By 9:00pm, the Penal Forum stated that 521 Venezuelans had been arrested throughout the day, bringing the number of total arrests since the beginning of the year to over 1,000.[50] Several media outlets stated "hundreds of thousands" participated[51] while Central University mathematics professor Ricardo Rios estimated at least 1.2 million protested, which would make it the largest protest in Venezuela's history.[52] According to pollster Meganálisis, 2.5 million Venezuelans protested in Caracas alone, while 6 million protested throughout the country.[1][2][3]

Protest violence

Deaths

Paola Ramírez's covered body after she was killed

The first person killed was 19 year-old Jairo Ortiz, who was shot dead near a protest on 6 April 2017 in Miranda state, with one police officer being arrested in connection. On 10 April, Daniel Queliz was killed during protests in Valencia state at the age of 20 after being shot in the neck. The next day, 14 year-old Brayan Principal was killed in Barquisimeto after being shot in the abdomen while protesting. Miguel Ángel Colmenares, a man at the age of 36, was shot 11 times by colectivos in Lara state on 12 April according to witnesses. Gruseny Antonio Canelón, 32, was shot and killed in Lara state during an anti-government protest.[53]

During the Mother of All Marches, Carlos Moreno, a 17-year-old boy was shot in the head and killed while 23-year-old Paola Ramírez, was killed hours later by pro-government colectivos.[46]

Seven civilians were killed before the first death of an authority occurred during the Mother of All Marches.[46] The first authority to be killed in the protests was a National Guardsman during the march, who was the eighth death of the year.[54]

The following night on 20 April and the early morning of 21 April, 12 Venezuelans died in the deadliest night of the year to that date, with 11 being electrocuted and one shot dead.[55]

On 23 April during a pro-government march, Almelina Carrillo died at the age of 47 after being struck in the head with a frozen water bottle on 19 April.[53]

Torture

I order SEBIN to sue those spokesmen of the opposition who are accusing of barbarities and improper acts that are never discussed in this republic.

President Nicolás Maduro[56]

Venezuela's intelligence agency, SEBIN, is ordered by President Maduro on 16 April to take legal actions against individuals who state that they have been tortured by authorities.[56]

Use of chemical agents

In 2017, Amnesty International once again criticized the Bolivarian government's usage of chemical agents, expressing concern of a "red gas" used to suppress protesters in Chacao on 8 April 2017, demanding "clarification of the components of the red tear gas used by state security forces against the opposition demonstrations".[57] Experts stated that all tear gas used by authorities should originally be colorless, noting that the color may be added to provoke or "color" protesters so they can easily be identified and arrested.[58] On 10 April 2017, Venezuelan police began firing tear gas at protesters from helicopters flying overhead, resulting with demonstrators running from projectiles to avoid being hit by the canisters.[59]

Law enforcement

Over 2,000 security checkpoints were ordered by President Maduro on 15 April, which would be established throughout Venezuela prior to the 19 April "mega march", with nearly 200,000 Venezuelan authorities said to be participating.[60]

Civilian groups

Bolivarian Militia and colectivos

Further information: Bolivarian Militia and Colectivo (Venezuela)

On 1 February 2017, President Maduro announces that the Bolivarian Militia would be directed towards an anti-protest objective, saying that his supporters "will multiply throughout the territory, special forces of rapid action, special troops of the militias ... to make our homeland impregnable".[61]

Two days before the Mother of All Marches, President Maduro ordered on 17 April the expansion of the Bolivarian Militia to involve 500,000 loyal Venezuelans, stating that each would be armed with a rifle and demanded the prevention of another event similar to the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt.[62] Diosdado Cabello, a high-level PSUV official loyal to the Bolivarian government, stated that 60,000 motorized colectivos and the Bolivarian Militia would be spread throughout Caracas on 19 April "until necessary" to deter the opposition's "megamarch", calling their actions "terrorism".[63]

Media

Attacks on journalists

During the Mother of All Marches, an El Nacional reporter was robbed by a Bolivarian National Police officer.[64]

More than 50 government sympathizers attacked three El Nacional journalists on 20 April near La India, beating them with sticks while also throwing rocks and bottles at them.[64] Another journalist captured the attack of film.[64]

Censorship

Further information: Censorship in Venezuela

President Maduro ordered cable providers to take CNN en Español off the air on 14 February 2017, days after CNN aired an investigation into the alleged fraudulent issuing of Venezuelan passports and visas. The news story revealed a confidential intelligence document that linked Venezuelan Vice President Tareck El Aissami to 173 Venezuelan passports and IDs issued to individuals from the Middle East, including people connected to the terrorist group Hezbollah.[65][66]

During the Mother of All Marches on 19 April, TN's satellite signal was censored from DirecTV after showing live coverage of the protests. El Tiempo of Colombia was also censored in the country during the day's protests.[67][68] That night, the National Commission of Telecommunications removed the Spanish channel Antena 3 from cable cars following rumors that they were going to cover the political crisis in Venezuela.[68]

Fake news

During the 2017 Venezuelan protests, Rachel Maddow stated in a segment captioned Unrest In Venezuela Over Trump Donations that "today, Venezuelans are enraged anew by this brand-new FEC filing from the White House" which showed that the Venezuelan government-owned Citgo funded $500,000 towards Donald Trump's inauguration. She suggested that Venezuelans were protesting due to their government's payment toward the inauguration, despite the fact that Venezuelans were, in reality, protesting due to the socioeconomic crisis facing the country. Fox News' Tucker Carlson sharply rebuked Maddow on her comments, stating that "It’s a disaster in Venezuela ... So given all of this, who did MSNBC blame for the turmoil there? If you guessed Donald Trump, give yourself a million worthless Venezuelan Bolivars as a prize". PanAm Post also criticized her comments in a article titled The Rachel Maddow Show’s Fake News on Venezuela after Maddow featured some of their work in the segment.[69][70]

International reactions

Further information: Reactions to the 2014–17 Venezuelan protests

See also

Protests

Timelines

3

References

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  2. ^ a b "El corresponsal de SEMANA en Caracas relata cómo la madre de todas las marchas que convocó la oposición venezolana, terminó como se esperaba con represión con violencia. Análisis del duro panorama en el vecino país". Semana. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Noticias de América - Día de violencia en las marchas a favor y en contra de Maduro". Radio France Internationale (in European Spanish). 20 April 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
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  38. ^ Coup in Venezuela
  39. ^ Venezuela Supreme Court takes over legislative powers from National Assembly
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  54. ^ "Venezuela crisis: Three killed at anti-government protests". BBC News. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
  55. ^ Casey, Nicholas; Patricia Torres (21 April 2017). "At Least 12 Die as Rioting Breaks Out in Venezuela". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  56. ^ a b "Gobierno ordenó querellas judiciales contra quienes acusan a organismos policiales de torturas". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 16 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  57. ^ "Amnistía Internacional instó a aclarar componentes del gas rojo". El Nacional (in Spanish). 8 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  58. ^ Salazar, Abraham (9 April 2017). "Expertos explican el humo rojo y cómo defenderse de las bombas lacrimógenas". Efecto Cocuyo (in European Spanish). Retrieved 9 April 2017.
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  60. ^ "Maduro dejará en las calles de Venezuela 2.026 puntos de control hasta el #19Abr". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 15 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
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  62. ^ "En un país sin medicinas, ni comida… Maduro aprueba recursos para "garantizar un fusil para cada miliciano"". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 17 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  63. ^ "Diosdado Cabello: La oposición no va a entrar a Caracas este #19Abr". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 17 April 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  64. ^ a b c "Oficialistas golpearon con botellas y palos a periodistas de El Nacional". El Nacional (in Spanish). 20 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  65. ^ CNN, Steve Almasy. "CNN en Español kicked off air in Venezuela". CNN. Retrieved 6 March 2017. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  66. ^ Investigations, Scott Zamost, Drew Griffin, Kay Guerrero and Rafael Romo, CNN. "Whistleblower reveals passport fraud". CNN. Retrieved 6 March 2017. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  67. ^ "Comunicado del Grupo Clarín: TN, censurado en Venezuela". La Patilla (in European Spanish). 21 April 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
  68. ^ a b "Conatel saca también la señal de Antena 3 de cableras venezolanas - El Impulso". El Impulso (in European Spanish). 20 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  69. ^ "Tucker Rips MSNBC, Maddow for Blaming 'Disaster' in Venezuela on Trump". FOX News Insider. 22 April 2017. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  70. ^ Radwin, Max (21 April 2017). "The Rachel Maddow Show's Fake News on Venezuela". PanAm Post. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
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