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== History ==
== History ==


The Ahluwalia misl was founded by Sadho (also called Sadhu or Sadao) Singh,<ref name="KR_2015">{{cite book |title=Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia |author=Kaushik Roy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpNECgAAQBAJ&pg=PT88 |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=9781317321279 |page=88 }}</ref>, a [[Kalwar (caste)|Kalal]] or wine distiller.<ref name=SH1>Harbans Singh. [http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/events/m-ahluwalia.html Ahluwalia misl history], The encyclopedia of Sikhism.</ref> The misl rose to prominence under his grandson [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]].<ref name="KR_2015"/><ref>{{cite book |last =Singhia |first=H.S. |title=The encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=Hemkunt Press |year=2009 |location=New Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&pg=PA111 |isbn=978-81-7010-301-1 |page=111}}</ref> Originally known as Jassa Singh Kalal, he styled himself as Ahluwalia after his ancestral village of Ahlu, and established the ruling dynasty of [[Kapurthala State]]. Since the Kalals held a low status in the traditional [[Indian caste system|caste]] hierarchy, other Sikh Kalals also adopted the Ahluwalia identity. They gave up their traditional occupations, as they gained political power and as the [[British Raj|colonial British]] administration started regulating distribution and sale of liquor.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>
The Ahluwalia misl was founded by Sadho (also called Sadhu or Sadao) Singh,<ref name="KR_2015">{{cite book |title=Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia |author=Kaushik Roy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpNECgAAQBAJ&pg=PT88 |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=9781317321279 |page=88 }}</ref>, The encyclopedia of Sikhism.</ref> The misl rose to prominence under his grandson [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]].<ref name="KR_2015"/><ref>{{cite book |last =Singhia |first=H.S. |title=The encyclopedia of Sikhism |publisher=Hemkunt Press |year=2009 |location=New Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C&pg=PA111 |isbn=978-81-7010-301-1 |page=111}}</ref> Originally known as Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, he styled himself as Ahluwalia after his ancestral village of Ahlu, and established the ruling dynasty of [[Kapurthala State]].


The Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book |author=Donald Anthony Low |title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 |year=1968 |publisher=University of California Press |page=70-71 |oclc=612533097 }}</ref> A legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jats]], and became Sikhs. The account states that Sadho Singh and his four sons married into Kalal families, because of which the family came to be known as Ahluwalia Kalal.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book |author=Ganda Singh |title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Punjabi University |pages=1-4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''Twarikh Raj Khalsa'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the Kalal caste identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book |author=M. L. Ahluwalia|title=Land marks in Sikh history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ |year=1996 |publisher=Ashoka International |page=37 }}</ref>
The Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming [[Khatri]] or [[Rajput]] descent.<ref name="Donald_1968">{{cite book |author=Donald Anthony Low |title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 |year=1968 |publisher=University of California Press |page=70-71 |oclc=612533097 }}</ref> A legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of [[Jaisalmer State|Jaisalmer]] (and ultimately to [[Krishna]] through [[Shalivahana|Salibahan]]). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as [[Jatts]], and became Sikhs.<ref name="Ganda_1990">{{cite book |author=Ganda Singh |title=Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4ZHAAAAMAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Punjabi University |pages=1-4 }}</ref> [[Lepel Griffin]] (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.<ref name="Ganda_1990"/> The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his ''Twarikh Raj Khalsa'' (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the sikh identity much before Sadho Singh.<ref>{{cite book |author=M. L. Ahluwalia|title=Land marks in Sikh history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DduAAAAMAAJ |year=1996 |publisher=Ashoka International |page=37 }}</ref>


[[W. H. McLeod]] (2009), a scholar on Sikh history, notes that using the process of [[Sanskritisation]], the formerly low-caste Kalals adopted the Ahluwalia identity with high-caste customs, and successfully achieved a high social rank, on par with the higher castes such as the Khatris.<ref>{{cite book |author=W. H. McLeod |title=The A to Z of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 |year=2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 |page=6 }}</ref> The Kalals took up new occupations, and in particular, a large number of Ahluwalias served in the army.<ref name="Donald_1968"/>
[[W. H. McLeod]] (2009), a scholar on Sikh history, notes that using the process of [[Sanskritisation]],Sardar jassa singh Ahluwalia was the first person who adopted of the Ahluwalia identity with high-caste customs, and successfully achieved a high social rank, on par with the higher castes such as the Khatris.<ref>{{cite book |author=W. H. McLeod |title=The A to Z of Sikhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgixwfeCyDAC&pg=PA6 |year=2009 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6344-6 |page=6 }}</ref>


== Notable people ==
== Notable people ==

Revision as of 09:47, 30 December 2017

Ahluwalia
Regions with significant populations
Punjab, India
Languages
Punjabi
Religion
Sikhism

Ahluwalia is a Sikh clan from Punjab, India. It originates from a 'misl' of the same name, derived from Ahlu, the ancestral village of the misl leaders. The Ahluwalia misl was one of the 12 major Sikh misls, and held land to the north of Sutlej river.[1]

History

The Ahluwalia misl was founded by Sadho (also called Sadhu or Sadao) Singh,[1], The encyclopedia of Sikhism.</ref> The misl rose to prominence under his grandson Jassa Singh Ahluwalia.[1][2] Originally known as Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, he styled himself as Ahluwalia after his ancestral village of Ahlu, and established the ruling dynasty of Kapurthala State.

The Ahluwalias further tried to enhance their social status by claiming Khatri or Rajput descent.[3] A legendary account traces the ancestry of the Kapurthala royal family to the Bhatti Rajput royal family of Jaisalmer (and ultimately to Krishna through Salibahan). According to this narrative, a group of Bhattis migrated to Punjab, where they came to be known as Jatts, and became Sikhs.[4] Lepel Griffin (1873), a British administrator who wrote on the history of Punjab's rulers, dismissed this account connecting the Ahluwalias to the Jaisalmer royal family as spurious.[4] The Sikh author Gian Singh, in his Twarikh Raj Khalsa (1894), noted that the Ahluwalia family had adopted the sikh identity much before Sadho Singh.[5]

W. H. McLeod (2009), a scholar on Sikh history, notes that using the process of Sanskritisation,Sardar jassa singh Ahluwalia was the first person who adopted of the Ahluwalia identity with high-caste customs, and successfully achieved a high social rank, on par with the higher castes such as the Khatris.[6]

Notable people

More notable individuals with the surname Ahluwalia, who may or may not be associated with the clan, include:

References

  1. ^ a b c Kaushik Roy (2015). Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia. Routledge. p. 88. ISBN 9781317321279.
  2. ^ Singhia, H.S. (2009). The encyclopedia of Sikhism. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-81-7010-301-1.
  3. ^ Donald Anthony Low (1968). Soundings in Modern South Asian History. University of California Press. p. 70-71. OCLC 612533097.
  4. ^ a b Ganda Singh (1990). Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. Punjabi University. pp. 1–4.
  5. ^ M. L. Ahluwalia (1996). Land marks in Sikh history. Ashoka International. p. 37.
  6. ^ W. H. McLeod (2009). The A to Z of Sikhism. Scarecrow Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-8108-6344-6.