Jump to content

Mass stabbing and Stabbing as a terrorist tactic: Difference between pages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Difference between pages)
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
←Created page with '{{subst:AFC submission/draftnew}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. --> {{broader|Massacre}} {{homicide}}Mass stabbing is...'
 
AnomieBOT (talk | contribs)
Bots
6,379,373 edits
m Dating maintenance tags: {{Mergeinto}}
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{mergeinto|Mass stabbing|date=May 2019}}
{{AFC submission|t||ts=20190517001408|u=Justmeokie|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. -->
{{Terrorism|methods}}
[[Stabbing]] attacks became an increasingly common form of terrorist attack on random civilians in the 2010s.


Like the [[vehicle-ramming attack]]s that increased during the same time period, stabbing attacks are prevalent because attackers can easily obtain knives and other stabbing instruments.
{{broader|Massacre}}
{{homicide}}Mass stabbing is a single incident where multiple victims are harmed or killed in a knife-enabled crime. Sharp objects are used in such attacks where the weapon that is thrust at the victim would pierce through the [[skin]] and harm the victim.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Nolan|first=Gary|last2=Hainsworth|first2=Sarah V.|last3=Rutty|first3=Guy N.|date=2018|title=Forces generated in stabbing attacks: an evaluation of the utility of the mild, moderate and severe scale|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00414-017-1702-7|journal=International Journal of Legal Medicine|language=en|volume=132|issue=1|pages=229–236|doi=10.1007/s00414-017-1702-7|issn=0937-9827|via=}}</ref> Example of sharp instruments


==Causes propelling the rise of the tactic==
used in mass stabbing may include [[Kitchen knife|kitchen knives]], [[Utility knife|utility knives]], [[Sheath knife|sheath knives]], [[scissors]], [[Katana|samurai swords]], [[Screwdriver|screwdrivers]], [[Bayonet|bayonets]] and glass bottles.<ref name=":0" /> Knife crime poses security threats to many countries around the world.<ref name=":0" />
According to security analyst [[Peter Bergen]], stabbing attacks have gained popularity because such attacks are inexpensive and easy to carry out, but very difficult for security services to prevent.<ref name="Bergen">{{cite news|last1=Bergen|first1=Peter|title=London shows the challenge of preventing low-tech terror|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/22/opinions/low-tech-terror-hard-to-defend-against-bergen/|accessdate=4 April 2017|publisher=CNN|date=22 March 2017}}</ref>


==Incitement by terrorist groups==
There are many different factors causing mass stabbing. This may include [[social inequality]], abuse of [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] and [[Drug|drugs]], easy access to [[Weapon|weapons]], social and cultural norms, religious and political reasons, among others.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/121314/E94277.pdf|title=European report on preventing violence and knife crime among young people|last=|first=|date=2010|website=World Health Organisation|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Simons|first=Greg|date=2016-01-01|title=Islamic extremism and the war for hearts and minds|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2016.1152446|journal=Global Affairs|volume=2|issue=1|pages=91–99|doi=10.1080/23340460.2016.1152446|issn=2334-0460}}</ref>


In May 2016, [[Al-Qaeda]]'s [[Inspire (magazine)|Inspire]] published an article entitled. “O Knife Revolution, Head Toward America.”<ref name="SmallScaleAttacks">{{cite news|title=Latest Issue of Inspire Magazine Encourages Small Scale Attacks|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/latest-issue-of-inspire-magazine-encourages-small-scale-attacks|accessdate=4 April 2017|publisher=ADL|date=19 May 2016}}</ref> The magazine urged Muslims to kill “the intelligentsia, economic and influential personalities of America,” by low-tech methods including stabbing attacks on the grounds that such assaults are “easy options that do not require huge efforts or man power, but the result is parallel to the big operations or even more.”<ref name="SmallScaleAttacks"/><ref name="JohnsonNightmareScenario"/>
There are different responses from different parts of our global community towards mass stabbing. Government, law enforcement agencies, international organisations, schools and many other organisations around the world have taken different measures to address mass stabbing and knife crime. However, mass stabbing and similar [[Terrorism|terrorist]] attacks carried out by the extremist in Muslim communities have fueled an increase in [[Islamophobia]] in parts of our community.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/18/us/politics/hate-crimes-american-muslims-rise.html|title=Hate Crimes Against American Muslims Most Since Post-9/11 Era|last=Lichtblau|first=Eric|date=2016-09-17|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


In October 2016, [[Rumiyah (magazine)|Rumiyah]], the online propaganda and recruitment magazine published by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL) told followers that holy warriors down through Muslim history have “struck the necks of the [[kuffar]]” in the name of [[Allah]], with "swords, severing limbs and piercing the fleshy meat of those who opposed [[Islam]].” The magazine advised its readers that knives are easy to obtain, easy to hide, and deadly, and that they make good weapons in places where Muslims might be regarded with suspicion.<ref name="WrightState">{{cite news|last1=Wright|first1=Robin|title=The Hand of ISIS at Ohio State|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-hand-of-isis-at-ohio-state|accessdate=4 April 2017|publisher=The New Yorker|date=26 November 2016}}</ref><ref name="JohnsonNightmareScenario">{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Bridget|title=ISIS Call for Stabbing Sprees a Nightmare Scenario for Stopping Terror Plots|url=http://observer.com/2016/10/isis-call-for-stabbing-sprees-a-nightmare-scenario-for-stopping-terror-plots/|accessdate=4 April 2017|publisher=[[New York Observer]]|date=6 October 2016}}</ref>
Examples of mass stabbing cases include the [[2014 Kunming attack]], [[Sagamihara stabbings|2016 Sagamihara stabbings]], and [[2017 London Bridge attack]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/world/asia/china.html|title=Attackers With Knives Kill 29 at Chinese Rail Station|last=Buckley|first=Chris|date=2014-03-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/06/03/world/europe/london-bridge-attacks-maps-video-photos.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/06/03/world/europe/london-bridge-attacks-maps-video-photos.html|title=How the Attacks in London Unfolded|last=Harris|first=Rich|date=2017-06-03|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-02|last2=Lai|first2=K. K. Rebecca|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|last3=Specia|first3=Megan|last4=Peçanha|first4=Sergio|last5=Watkins|first5=Derek|last6=Benzaquen|first6=Mercy|last7=Almukhtar|first7=Sarah}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/world/asia/knife-japan-stabbing-sagamihara.html|title=Japan Knife Attack Kills 19 at Center for Disabled|last=Rich|first=Motoko|date=2016-07-25|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


==History==
__TOC__
A wave of [[Lone wolf (terrorism)|lone wolf terrorist]] stabbing attacks in which Palestinian Arabs attacked Israelis began on 3 October 2015 with the first of the [[Lions' Gate stabbings]].<ref name="WedemanViolence">{{cite news|last1=Wedeman|first1=Ben|title=Israeli-Palestinian violence: What you need to know|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/14/middleeast/israel-palestinians-violence-explainer/|accessdate=4 April 2017|publisher=CNN|date=15 October 2015}}</ref> The ensuing [[2015–2016 wave of violence in Israeli-Palestinian conflict]] is thought to have been driven not by formal organizations but, rather by social media postings inspiring young Palestinians to undertake attacks with knives and with vehicles.<ref name=NewKindofTerrorism>{{cite web|last1=Booth|first1=William|title=Israelis are calling attacks a 'new kind of Palestinian terrorism'|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israelis-are-calling-attacks-a-new-kind-of-palestinian-terror/2015/12/24/e162e088-0953-4de5-992e-adb2126f1dcc_story.html|accessdate=4 April 2017|publisher=Washington Post|date=25 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="WedemanViolence"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.682064?v=58C42F8D18D152AEC95BECE2B51B1E03|title=U.S. House Panel Unanimously Votes to Condemn Palestinian Incitement|work=Haaretz.com|date=2015-10-24}}</ref><ref name="HatovelyHateThatKills">{{cite news|last1=Hatovely|first1=Tzipi|title=Palestinian Incitement: Hate-Speech That Kills|url=http://www.newsweek.com/palestinian-incitement-hate-speech-kills-421424|accessdate=4 April 2017|publisher=Newsweek|date=31 January 2016}}</ref> In response, Israeli police have revamped their anti-terrorism tactics, increasing monitoring of social media, improving the intercommunication of mobile devices, and giving security agencies the ability to instantly trace phone calls made from such devices.<ref name="FoxStreetTerror">{{cite news|last1=Fox|first1=Robert|title=Israel changes tactics to tackle street terror|publisher=[[London Evening Standard]]|date=27 June 2017}}</ref>


The series of Palestinian stabbing attacks were followed by the spread of such attacks during the wave of [[Islamic terrorism in Europe (2014–present)]] which had seen "at least" 10 stabbing attacks allegedly motivated by Islamic extremism in Europe by the spring of 2017, with a particular concentration of such attacks in France.<ref name="JenkinsTimeline">{{cite news|last1=Jenkins|first1=Nash|title=A Timeline of Recent Terrorist Attacks in Europe|url=http://time.com/4607481/europe-terrorism-timeline-berlin-paris-nice-brussels/|accessdate=4 April 2017|publisher=Time|date=19 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="RubinOfficersStabbed">{{cite news|last1=Rubin|first1=Alissa|title=2 Brussels Police Officers Are Stabbed in ‘Potential Terrorist Attack’|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/world/europe/police-brussels-knife-terrorism.html|accessdate=4 April 2017|publisher=New York Times|date=5 October 2016}}</ref> A number of cases have also occurred in the United States during this period, including the [[St. Cloud, Minnesota, mall stabbing]] and the [[Ohio State University attack]].
== Definition of Mass Stabbing ==
Mass stabbing can be defined from a number of different perspectives. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the verb ‘[[Stabbing|stab]]’ as an action that propels a pointed weapon with the intention of harm or murder.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/188518?rskey=icC2SO&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid|title=Home : Oxford English Dictionary|last=|first=|date=|website=www.oed.com|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref> A mass stabbing is an incident involving the use of pointed weapons to wound or kill multiple people.


==List of terrorism-related stabbing attacks==
Mass stabbing can be looked at from the scope of knife crime. Based on a publication by the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]], ‘knife-enabled crime’ is defined as an incident where harm is threatened or caused with the use of [[:Category:Blade weapons|bladed weapons]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmhaff/112/11204.htm|title=House of Commons - Knife Crime - Home Affairs Committee|website=publications.parliament.uk|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref> The phrase ‘knife crime’ is also used by the media to indicate a [[stabbing]] incident or the illegal possession of knives by a person in the public.<ref name=":6" />
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Date !! Incident !! Location
|-
| 2010 || [[Roshonara Choudhry]] || Britain
|-
| 2011 || [[2011 Tel Aviv nightclub attack|Tel Aviv nightclub attack]] || Israel
|-
| 2013 || [[2013 La Défense attack|La Défense attack]] || France
|-
| 2013|| [[Murder of Lee Rigby]] || Britain
|-
| 2013 || [[2013 Tapuah Junction stabbing|Tapuah Junction stabbing]] || Israel
|-
| 2014|| [[2014 Queens hatchet attack|Queens hatchet attack]] || United States
|-
|2014 || [[2014 Endeavour Hills stabbings|Endeavour Hills stabbings]] || Australia
|-
| 2014|| [[2014 Alon Shvut stabbing attack|Alon Shvut stabbing attack]] || Israel
|-
|2014 || [[Murder of Ibolya Ryan]] || Emirates
|-
|2014 || [[2014 Kunming attack|Kunming attack]] || China
|-
| 2014|| [[2014 Tours police station stabbing|Tours police station stabbing]] || France
|-
| 2015|| [[2015 Nice stabbing attack|Nice stabbing attack]] || France
|-
| 2015 || [[Lions' Gate stabbings]] || Israel
|-
|2015 || [[University of California, Merced stabbing attack]] || United States
|-
| 2015|| [[2015 Tel Aviv synagogue stabbing|Tel Aviv synagogue stabbing]] || Israel
|-
| 2015|| [[Avijit Roy]] || Bangladesh
|-
| 2015|| [[2015 Tel Aviv attacks|Tel Aviv attacks]] || Israel
|-
| 2016|| [[2016 Hurghada attack|Hurghada attack]] || Egypt
|-
| 2016|| [[2016 Hanover stabbing|Hanover stabbing]] || Germany
|-
| 2016|| [[Murder of Hallel Yaffa Ariel]] || Israel
|-
| 2016 || [[2016 stabbing of Brussels police officers|Stabbing of Brussels police officers]] || [[Brussels]], Belgium
|-
| 2016|| [[2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers|Stabbing of Charleroi police officers]] || [[Charleroi]], Belgium
|-
| 2016 || [[2016 Magnanville stabbing|Magnanville stabbing]] || France
|-
| 2016|| [[2016 Normandy church attack|Normandy church attack]] || France
|-
| 2016|| [[2016 Ohio machete attack|Ohio machete attack]] || United States
|-
| 2016|| [[January 2016 Paris police station attack|Paris police station attack]] || Paris
|-
| 2016|| [[2016 Würzburg train attack|Würzburg train attack]] || [[Würzburg]], Germany
|-
| 2016 || [[Munich knife attack]] || [[Munich]], Germany
|-
|2016 || [[Ohio State University attack]] || United States
|-
| 2016|| [[2016 Minto stabbing attack|Minto stabbing attack]] || Australia
|-
|2017 || [[2017 Westminster attack|Westminster attack]] || London
|-
| 2017|| [[2017 Paris machete attack|Paris machete attack]] || Paris
|-
|2017 || [[2017 Jerusalem Light Rail stabbing|Jerusalem Light Rail stabbing]] || Israel
|-
|2017 || [[2017 Queanbeyan stabbing attacks|Queanbeyan stabbing attacks]] || Australia
|-
|2017 || [[June 2017 London Bridge attack|London Bridge attack]] || London
|-
|2017 || [[2017 Notre Dame attack|Notre Dame attack]] || Paris
|-
|2017 || [[June 2017 Jerusalem attack|Jerusalem attack]] || Israel
|-
|2017 || [[2017 Bishop International Airport incident|Bishop International Airport incident]] || United States
|-
|2017 || [[2017 Hurghada attack|Hurghada attack]] || Egypt
|-
|2017 || [[2017 Halamish stabbing attack|Halamish stabbing attack]] || Israel
|-
|2017 || [[Marseille stabbing]] || France
|-
|2017 || [[Turku stabbing]] || [[Turku]], Finland
|-
|2017 || [[2017 Hamburg knife attack|Hamburg stabbing]] || [[Hamburg]], Germany
|-
|2018 || [[2018 Ariel stabbing]] || Israel
|-
|2018 || [[2018 Vienna embassy stabbing]] || Austria
|-
|2018 || [[2018 Paris knife attack]] || France
|-
|2018 || [[2018 Liège attack]] || Belgium
|-
|2018 || [[Flensburg stabbing incident]] || Germany
|-
|2018 || [[Lübeck bus attack]] || Germany
|-
|2018 || [[2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack|Amsterdam train station attack]] || [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands
|-
|2018 || [[2018 Melbourne stabbing attack]] || Australia
|-
|2018 || [[Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland]] || Morocco
|-
|2019 || [[Oslo knife attack]] || [[Oslo]], Norway
|}


==See also==
From a legal perspective, the phrase ‘[[mass killing]]’ can be used to help define mass stabbing. Based on section 2 of the ''Investigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act of 2012'' of the [[United States|United States of America]], which is signed into law and published by the [[United States Congress|US Congress]] on 13 January 2013, the phrase ‘mass killing’ is defined as an individual occasion with 3 or more people murdered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/112/plaws/publ265/PLAW-112publ265.pdf|title=Public Law 112-265 - Jan.14, 2013|last=|first=|date=|website=US Congress|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-04-28}}</ref>{{Terrorism}}Mass stabbing can also be looked at from the perspective of [[mass murder]]. The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) of the United States of America has defined mass murder as an incident where four or more people are killed in a single incident where the attacker murdered the victims on a continuing basis without any significant time period in between each of the murders.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder|title=Serial Murder|website=Federal Bureau of Investigation|language=en-us|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref>
*[[Vehicle-ramming attack]]
*[[Pressure cooker bomb]]
*[[Suicide terrorism]]
*[[Category:Terrorism by method]]


==References==
== Causes of Mass Stabbing ==
{{Reflist|2}}
An article on The Lancet, a peer-reviewed general medical journal, suggested that there are a few groups of people that are prone to being perpetrators or victims of [[violence]] in the future.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=The Lancet|first=|date=2010|title=Tackling knife crime|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673610615206|journal=The Lancet|language=en|volume=376|issue=9747|pages=1118|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61520-6|via=}}</ref> They include victims of abuse and violent acts, particularly children and young people who were abused when they were young, as well as people with other adverse experience.<ref name=":7" /> This finding is also supported by a report of the [[World Health Organization|World Health Organisation]] (WHO), which states that past victimization is one of the risk factors that cause young people to participate in violence acts.<ref name=":1" />
[[Category:Terrorism tactics]]

[[Category:Stabbing attacks|*]]
[[Alcohol abuse|Abuse of alcohol]] is also among the risk factors that cause people, particularly young people to involve in violence such as knife crime.<ref name=":1" /> A 2010 report by the WHO showed that the incidence of violence was higher in countries with greater ease of access to alcohol.<ref name=":1" />
[[Category:Terrorist incidents involving knife attacks|*]]

Similarly, [[Substance abuse|drug abuse]] is another possible cause of knife crime.<ref name=":1" /> Illicit drug trade has been linked to the increasing incidence of knife crime.<ref name=":1" /> Examples of drugs that are particularly linked to acts of violence include [[Tobacco smoking|tobacco]], [[cocaine]] and [[Amphetamine|amphetamines]].<ref name=":1" />

WHO has also stated that there is a strong correlation between violence and social inequality and deprivation.<ref name=":1" /> A 2010 WHO report finds that the larger the differences in income between the high-income group and the low-income group, the higher the incidence of [[Homicide|homicides]].<ref name=":1" />

Another factor that may have led to knife crimes and violence among young people is the social and cultural norms in the environment they are exposed to.<ref name=":1" /> This may be due to the exposure of young people to violent behavior of family members, friends or other members of society, which lead them to think that acts of violence are normal and acceptable.<ref name=":1" /> This group of people may have been exposed to various contents containing different forms of violence in the [[mass media]] which may have affected the behavior of the young people.<ref name=":1" />

Spreading of [[Religious fanaticism|religious extremism]] by [[Terrorism|terrorist]] groups, such as [[Al-Qaeda|al-Queda]] and [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State (IS)]], may be another cause of mass stabbing.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Simons|first=Greg|date=2016-01-01|title=Islamic extremism and the war for hearts and minds|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2016.1152446|journal=Global Affairs|volume=2|issue=1|pages=91–99|doi=10.1080/23340460.2016.1152446|issn=2334-0460}}</ref> Both terrorist groups used their respective publications, such as ''[[Dabiq (magazine)|Dabiq]]'' of IS and ''[[Inspire (magazine)|Inspire]]'' of al-Queda to propagate the ideologies of the organisations and demonize their opponents, particularly the western [[democracy]] and their values.<ref name=":8" /> Both terrorist organisations have encouraged their followers to launch attacks with knives for it is a cheap and easy method which is difficult to be detected by authorities but yet capable to cause great harm to the general public.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-hand-of-isis-at-ohio-state|title=The Hand of ISIS at Ohio State|last=Wright|first=Robin|date=2016-11-29|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en|issn=0028-792X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/blog/latest-issue-of-inspire-magazine-encourages-small-scale-attacks|title=Latest Issue of Inspire Magazine Encourages Small Scale Attacks|website=Anti-Defamation League|language=en|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref>

Political reasons may be another cause of mass stabbing. Various studies have been conducted by scholars and researchers to examine the relationship between [[political repression]] and [[terrorism]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Tschantret|first=Joshua|date=2018-07-04|title=Repression, opportunity, and innovation: The evolution of terrorism in Xinjiang, China|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09546553.2016.1182911|journal=Terrorism and Political Violence|language=en|volume=30|issue=4|pages=569–588|doi=10.1080/09546553.2016.1182911|issn=0954-6553}}</ref> In general, there is a lack of consensus on the relationship between repression and violence.<ref name=":9" /> Some studies argued that political repression may turn non-violent groups to acts of violence.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lichbach|first=Mark Irving|date=1987|title=Deterrence or Escalation? The Puzzle of Aggregate Studies of Repression and Dissent|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/174013|journal=The Journal of Conflict Resolution|volume=31|issue=2|pages=266–297|issn=0022-0027}}</ref> However, another study showed that there was a positive correlation between repression and violence in the short-run, but the correlation turns negative in the long-run based on the observation on the [[Iranian Revolution]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rasler|first=Karen|date=1996|title=Concessions, Repression, and Political Protest in the Iranian Revolution|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096410?origin=crossref|journal=American Sociological Review|volume=61|issue=1|pages=132|doi=10.2307/2096410|via=}}</ref>

== Reactions to Mass Stabbing ==

=== Government and Law Enforcement ===
The [[Government of the United Kingdom]] has announced on 31 January 2019 that they will introduce the ''Knife Crime Prevention Orders'' through an amendment to the ''Offensive Weapons Bill'' in conjunction with the government’s effort in tackling knife crime.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/home-secretary-announces-new-police-powers-to-deal-with-knife-crime|title=Home Secretary announces new police powers to deal with knife crime|last=|first=|date=2019-01-31|website=GOV.UK|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref> The new preventative order can be placed on any person aged 12 or over, where curfews, geographical restrictions and [[social media]] restrictions may be imposed on the targets of the police.<ref name=":10" /> Retailers are also forbidden from selling knives to any person aged 18 or below.<ref name=":10" /> The law is aimed at reducing knife crimes especially among young people.<ref name=":10" /> Criminal prosecution, fines or jail sentences may be applied on any person who breaches the law.<ref name=":10" />

Pressure from the public and changes in laws have also mandated tougher sentences from the judiciary on knife crime offences.<ref name=":20" /> [[England]] and [[Wales]] saw 85% of their knife crime offenders jailed for at least three months, whereas the average jail sentence for these offenders was eight months in 2018, an increment of three months from the average a decade ago.<ref name=":20" /> In [[Scotland]], there was a threefold increase in average sentence for carrying a knife in 2015 when compared to the previous 10 years.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/membership/2017/dec/03/how-scotland-reduced-knife-deaths-among-young-people|title=How Scotland reduced knife deaths among young people|last=Younge|first=Gary|date=2017-12-03|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-05-02|last2=Barr|first2=Caelainn|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

There were also lobbying from members of the law enforcement community to the government for extra funding to tackle crimes.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/mar/13/knife-crime-spring-statement-police|title=Ministers set aside extra £100m for police to tackle knife crime|last=correspondent|first=Jamie Grierson Home affairs|date=2019-03-13|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The Government of the United Kingdom has also announced extra funding of £100m to security forces in England and Wales to tackle crimes, specifically knife crimes.<ref name=":11" />

Countries like [[Brazil]] and [[Australia]] have also introduced laws to restrict the sale of alcohol at specific times of a day.<ref name=":1" /> Studies in Diadema, Brazil has shown that homicides were reduced by 44% in the course of three years with the introduction of a law that restricts trading hours for alcoholic products.<ref name=":1" />

=== Schools ===
Schools have also taken measure to tackle knife crime. A WHO report states that creating safe learning environment in schools is critical in preventing violence and knife crime among young people.<ref name=":1" />

A direct approach in preventing knife crime in school taken by some schools in the United States of America was installing weapon detection systems in schools.<ref name=":1" /> This is to prevent weapons such as [[Gun|guns]] and knives from being brought into schools and threaten the safety of the community.<ref name=":1" />

Another initiative taken by some schools is the introduction of [[Bullying|bully]]-prevention programs in schools.<ref name=":1" /> An example of such programs is the Olweus Program, which is originated from [[Norway]] and is currently implemented in Australia, [[Lithuania]], the [[Netherlands]], the United Kingdom and the United States of America.<ref name=":1" /> The KiVa program in [[Finland]] is another successful anti-bullying program in [[Europe]].<ref name=":1" />

Education programs aimed at reducing knife crime has also been introduced. For example, the Be Safe Project in the United Kingdom educates students about the legal, social and health implications of knife crime.<ref name=":1" />

=== Others ===
In Scotland, knife crime is treated as a [[public health]] issue and a public funded initiative was launched to address the root cause of knife crimes.<ref name=":12" /> The initiative is participated by law enforcement agencies like the police, social services and other organisations.<ref name=":12" /> For example, an organisation which is known as No Knives, Better Lives, which was launched in 2009, work with the Scottish police, schools and volunteers to raise awareness among young people on knife crime prevention.<ref name=":12" /> Gang members were also invited to a meeting with the police, health professionals, victims and social service workers where they discussed the implications of knife crime and violence.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":12" /> Help in employment, housing and education were offered to gang members to help them move away from violence and knife crime.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":12" />

[[Parent management training|Parenting programs]] were launched in many countries around the world to improve parenting skills.<ref name=":1" /> WHO has stated that interventions in parenting skills can be beneficial and prevent violence in young people.<ref name=":1" /> Example of successful parenting program includes [[Nurse-Family Partnership]], [[Triple P (parenting program)|Triple P]] and The Incredible Years.<ref name=":1" />

[[Health professional|Medical professionals]] also play a role in knife crime prevention. Medical professionals need to provide trauma care, victim support and counselling to the victims of knife crime.<ref name=":7" /> Rehabilitation and community violence prevention programs should also be introduced and participated by medical professionals to reduce knife crime.<ref name=":7" /> Government and researches should also work with health professionals to research and further develop more effective knife crime prevention strategies.<ref name=":7" />

=== Rise of Islamophobia ===
Some scholars and experts believe that knife crime, mass stabbing and terrorist attacks have caused a surge in Islamophobia in our society.<ref name=":2" />

Based on a report by [[Tell MAMA|Tell Mama]], a monitoring group, there was a 26% increase in anti-Muslim attacks in the United Kingdom from 2017 to 2018.<ref name=":13">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jul/20/record-number-anti-muslim-attacks-reported-uk-2017|title=Record number of anti-Muslim attacks reported in UK last year|last=Marsh|first=Sarah|date=2018-07-20|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Some experts have attributed the backlash against the [[Islam|Islamic]] religion and [[Muslims]] to the terrorist attacks in the United Kingdom which were carried out by Muslims.<ref name=":13" />

Another research from California State University, San Bernardino, has found that there was a 78% rise in [[Hate crime|hate crimes]] against Muslims in the United States of America in 2015.<ref name=":2" /> Police reports in 2016 also stated that hate crimes and violence against Muslim communities in the United States of America were on the rise.<ref name=":2" />

== Example of Mass Stabbing Cases ==

=== 2014 Kunming Attack ===
[[File:Kunming_Railway_Station.jpg|thumb|A view of Kunming Railway Station in Yunnan, China. Image is taken by 40fifw0 on 1 November 2008.]]
''Main article: [[2014 Kunming attack]]''

A group of eight male and female attackers yielded with knives have attacked a [[Kunming railway station|railway station]] at [[Kunming]], the provincial capital of [[Yunnan]] at the southwest of [[China]].<ref name=":3" /> 31 people were killed and a further 141 were wounded from the knife attack at the crowded railway station.<ref name=":14">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/25/world/asia/china-executes-3-over-deadly-knife-attack-at-train-station-in-2014.html|title=China Executes 3 Over Deadly Knife Attack at Train Station in 2014|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=2015-03-24|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The attackers were reported to be wearing similar black clothing during the attack.<ref name=":3" /> Cleavers, daggers and other knives were among the weapons used by the perpetrators of the attack.<ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=http://time.com/11687/deadly-terror-attack-in-southwestern-china-blamed-on-separatist-muslim-uighurs/|title=Deadly Terrorist Attack in Southwestern China Blamed on Separatist Muslim Uighurs|last=Beech|first=Hannah|date=2014-03-02|website=Time|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref> Four attackers were shot dead by security forces whereas the remaining four assailants, including a woman, were arrested.<ref name=":14" /> All but the woman arrested were executed in 2015, whereas the woman was sentenced to life imprisonment.<ref name=":14" />

Authorities and the official news service of China, [[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua]], said that the knife attack was an act of terrorism carried out by Uighur separatists from [[Xinjiang]], a province at the far west of China.<ref name=":15" /> The attack follows an [[2013 Tiananmen Square attack|attack]] at [[Tiananmen Square]] in Beijing in October 2013 which was also blamed on the Uighur separatists by the central government.<ref name=":3" /> Authorities increased security in the Xinjiang region following the attack.<ref name=":3" />

Muslim Uighurs are a minority ethnic group which is concentrated at Xinjiang, China. Many of them accuse the central government for the institutionalised repression against the minority ethnic group.<ref name=":15" /> They also argued that the [[Han Chinese|Han]] Chinese immigrants from other regions of China have deprived the Uighurs of jobs, resources and opportunities at their homeland.<ref name=":3" /> There is a [[Xinjiang conflict|resistance movement]] of Uighurs against the central government at Xinjiang.<ref name=":15" />

The incidence is now known as the ‘3-01’ in China.<ref name=":15" /> It was also called the ‘[[September 11 attacks|9-11 attacks]]’ of China by the ''Global Times'', a state-run media in China.<ref name=":15" />

=== 2016 Sagamihara Knife Attack ===
''Main article: [[Sagamihara stabbings]]''

At 2.20 am on 26 July 2016, a man launched a knife attack at a center for the disabled people at [[Sagamihara]], a town west of [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]].<ref name=":5" />

19 resident of the care center which consists of 9 men and 10 women were killed during the knife attack.<ref name=":5" /> A further 26 people were wounded during the incident.<ref name=":16">{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/07/26/national/crime-legal/survivors-bereaved-mark-second-anniversary-mass-stabbing-kanagawa-care-home/|title=Survivors and bereaved mark second anniversary of Sagamihara massacre|date=2018-07-26|work=The Japan Times Online|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763}}</ref>

The suspect, Satoshi Uematsu, was a formal employee of the care center.<ref name=":17">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36891375|title=Who is Japanese knife attack suspect Satoshi Uematsu?|last=|first=|date=2016-07-26|work=BBC|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en-GB}}</ref> He went to a police station near the site of the attack to surrender himself shortly after the attack.<ref name=":5" />

According to [[NHK]], the suspect has delivered a handwritten letter to a Japanese politician where he threatened to kill 470 severely disabled people if authorized.<ref name=":17" /> He also advocated for legislation that would allow the disabled people to be euthanized with consents from their family members.<ref name=":5" /> He was hospitalized but the doctors have subsequently released him after two weeks as they believe that he does not pose security threats to the general public.<ref name=":5" />

Charged with murder, the trial for Satoshi Uematsu is expected to begin in 2019.<ref name=":16" />

The care center is set to be demolished by local authorities at [[Kanagawa Prefecture]] and new care homes will be constructed.<ref name=":16" />

The Sagamihara attack was the worst mass killing case in Japan in decades.<ref name=":5" /> Officials have ruled out the involvement of terrorism in the incident.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36890655|title=Japan knife attack leaves 19 dead|last=|first=|date=2016-07-26|work=BBC|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en-GB}}</ref> The incident sent a shocking wave across all of Japan, a country with one of the lowest crime rates in the world.<ref name=":5" />

=== 2017 London Bridge Attack ===
[[File:Borough_Market_(4701274756).jpg|thumb|Entrance to Borough Market in London. Picture is taken by [[flickruser:74105777@N00|Jeremy Keith]] from Brighton & Hove, United Kingdom, at Borough Market on 12 June 2010.]]
''Main article: [[2017 London Bridge attack]]''

On 3 June 2017, three men launched an attack in central [[London]] shortly before 10 pm.<ref name=":18" /> A vehicle was driven into pedestrians on [[London Bridge]] before crashing near Barrowboy and Banker pub.<ref name=":18" /> The attackers subsequently attacked people around the nearby [[Borough Market]].<ref name=":18" />

The attack resulted in the death of 8 victims and a further 48 people were injured.<ref name=":18">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-40147164|title=London attack: What happened|last=|first=|date=2018-05-30|work=BBC|access-date=2019-05-02|language=en-GB}}</ref> 5 members of the police force were also injured during the incidence.<ref name=":18" />

The attackers were Khuram Shazad Butt, 27, Rachid Redouane, 30, and Youssef Zaghba, 22.<ref name=":18" /> They were all shot dead by armed police near Wheatsheaf pub.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":21">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/may/07/london-bridge-and-borough-market-terror-attack-inquests-open|title=London Bridge attack: inquest told of 'high and terrible drama'|last=Police|first=Vikram Dodd|date=2019-05-07|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-05-08|last2=correspondent|first2=crime|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A total of 46 gunshots was fired during the police operation.<ref name=":18" /> The attack lasted for less than 10 minutes.<ref name=":21" />

The Islamic State terrorist group declared their responsibility for the attack on the next day.<ref name=":4" />

Investigations revealed that the attackers had bought their weapons, which were pink ceramic knives, at just £4 each.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/jun/11/london-bridge-attackers-bought-knives-from-lidl-for-4-each-say-police|title=London Bridge attackers bought knives from Lidl for £4 each, say police|last=Police|first=Vikram Dodd|date=2017-06-11|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-05-02|last2=correspondent|first2=crime|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> A court hearing in London revealed that the attackers had taken a large quantities of [[Steroid|steroids]] before launching the assault in London.<ref name=":19" /> The steroid was named as [[dehydroepiandrosterone]].<ref name=":19">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/feb/09/london-bridge-attack-trio-had-taken-large-quantities-of-steroids-inquest|title=London Bridge attack trio 'had taken large quantities of steroids'|last=Weaver|first=Matthew|date=2018-02-09|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-05-02|last2=agencies|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

The attack came three months after an attacker [[2017 Westminster attack|rammed a vehicle]] into pedestrians on the [[Westminster Bridge]] in March.<ref name=":4" /> 4 people were killed and 50 others were injured in this incident.<ref name=":4" /> A police officer who was on duty at the nearby Parliament of the United Kingdom was fatally stabbed by the knife-wielding attacker.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/22/world/europe/uk-westminster-parliament-shooting.html|title=Deadly Attack Near U.K. Parliament; Car Plows Victims on Westminster Bridge|last=Bennhold|first=Katrin|date=2017-03-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-02|last2=Castle|first2=Stephen|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The perpetrator was shot dead near the Parliament by the police.<ref name=":4" />

Data from the Home Office of the United Kingdom has shown that the incidence of knife crime has been on the rise in England and Wales since 2014.<ref name=":20">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-42749089|title=Ten charts on the rise of knife crime|last=Shaw|first=Danny|date=2019-03-14|work=BBC|access-date=2019-05-03|language=en-GB}}</ref> Knives are mostly used in assault and robbery in England and Wales in the year ending September 2018.<ref name=":20" /> However, the incidence of homicides using knives in 2017-2018 was the highest since 1946 based on another set of data released by the Home Office.<ref name=":20" /> While the British Prime Minister [[Theresa May]] has dismissed the correlation between the police numbers and rise of knife crimes, the Home Office Committee has said that the fall of staff numbers in security forces have pose difficulties to the police in coping with crimes and violence.<ref name=":20" />

== References ==
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. -->
{{reflist}}
{{Navbox|name=Justmeokie/sandbox|title=Mass Stabbing|listclass=hlist|state={{{state|}}}|above=|image=|group1=List of Mass Stabbing Cases|list1=[[2014 AKB48 handsaw assault|2014 AKB48 handsaw assaut]], [[2015 Tel Aviv synagogue stabbing]], [[Düsseldorf axe attack]], [[Abu Musallam incident|Abu masallam incident]], [[Akihabara massacre]], [[Anne Anne Kindergarten stabbing]], [[2008 Beijing Drum Tower stabbings]], [[Broken Arrow killings]], [[2014 Calgary stabbing]], [[2014 Changsha attack]], [[Chenpeng Village Primary School stabbing]], [[Dunbarton High School stabbing]], [[2013 Etajima stabbing]], [[Franklin Regional High School stabbing|Franklin regional High School stabbing]], [[Gage Park murders]], [[2014 Guangzhou attack]], [[2017 Halamish stabbing attack]], [[2017 Hamburg knife attack]], [[2014 Isla Vista killings]], [[2014 Jerusalem synagogue attack]], [[2014 Kunming attack]], [[2017 London Bridge attack]], [[Maksim Gelman stabbing spree]], [[St. Cloud mall stabbing]], [[Munich knife attack]], [[Murder of the Zhuo family]], [[Nanping school massacre]], [[2016 Ohio restaurant machete attack]], [[2016 Ohio State University attack]], [[Osaka school massacre]], [[2017 Portland train attack]], [[2016 Russell Square stabbing]], [[Ruzhou School massacre]], [[2016 Sacramento riot|2016 Sacremento riot]], [[Sagamihara stabbings]], [[Shimonoseki Station massacre]], [[Silver City Galleria attack]], [[Spring High School stabbing]], [[2014 Taipei Metro attack]], [[2016 Tel Aviv stabbings]], [[2016 Thane stabbing]], [[Trollhättan school attack]], [[University of California, Merced stabbing attack]], [[2013 Valdresekspressen hijacking]], [[Würzburg train attack]], [[Yema stabbings]]|group2=|list2=|group3=|list3=<!-- ... -->|below=}}

Revision as of 03:30, 17 May 2019

Part of a series on
Terrorism
By ideology
Religious
Special-interest / Single-issue
Related topics
Structure
  • Methods
  • Tactics
Terrorist groups
Adherents
State terrorism
State-sponsored terrorism
Response to terrorism

Stabbing attacks became an increasingly common form of terrorist attack on random civilians in the 2010s.

Like the vehicle-ramming attacks that increased during the same time period, stabbing attacks are prevalent because attackers can easily obtain knives and other stabbing instruments.

Causes propelling the rise of the tactic

According to security analyst Peter Bergen, stabbing attacks have gained popularity because such attacks are inexpensive and easy to carry out, but very difficult for security services to prevent.[1]

Incitement by terrorist groups

In May 2016, Al-Qaeda's Inspire published an article entitled. “O Knife Revolution, Head Toward America.”[2] The magazine urged Muslims to kill “the intelligentsia, economic and influential personalities of America,” by low-tech methods including stabbing attacks on the grounds that such assaults are “easy options that do not require huge efforts or man power, but the result is parallel to the big operations or even more.”[2][3]

In October 2016, Rumiyah, the online propaganda and recruitment magazine published by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) told followers that holy warriors down through Muslim history have “struck the necks of the kuffar” in the name of Allah, with "swords, severing limbs and piercing the fleshy meat of those who opposed Islam.” The magazine advised its readers that knives are easy to obtain, easy to hide, and deadly, and that they make good weapons in places where Muslims might be regarded with suspicion.[4][3]

History

A wave of lone wolf terrorist stabbing attacks in which Palestinian Arabs attacked Israelis began on 3 October 2015 with the first of the Lions' Gate stabbings.[5] The ensuing 2015–2016 wave of violence in Israeli-Palestinian conflict is thought to have been driven not by formal organizations but, rather by social media postings inspiring young Palestinians to undertake attacks with knives and with vehicles.[6][5][7][8] In response, Israeli police have revamped their anti-terrorism tactics, increasing monitoring of social media, improving the intercommunication of mobile devices, and giving security agencies the ability to instantly trace phone calls made from such devices.[9]

The series of Palestinian stabbing attacks were followed by the spread of such attacks during the wave of Islamic terrorism in Europe (2014–present) which had seen "at least" 10 stabbing attacks allegedly motivated by Islamic extremism in Europe by the spring of 2017, with a particular concentration of such attacks in France.[10][11] A number of cases have also occurred in the United States during this period, including the St. Cloud, Minnesota, mall stabbing and the Ohio State University attack.

Date Incident Location
2010 Roshonara Choudhry Britain
2011 Tel Aviv nightclub attack Israel
2013 La Défense attack France
2013 Murder of Lee Rigby Britain
2013 Tapuah Junction stabbing Israel
2014 Queens hatchet attack United States
2014 Endeavour Hills stabbings Australia
2014 Alon Shvut stabbing attack Israel
2014 Murder of Ibolya Ryan Emirates
2014 Kunming attack China
2014 Tours police station stabbing France
2015 Nice stabbing attack France
2015 Lions' Gate stabbings Israel
2015 University of California, Merced stabbing attack United States
2015 Tel Aviv synagogue stabbing Israel
2015 Avijit Roy Bangladesh
2015 Tel Aviv attacks Israel
2016 Hurghada attack Egypt
2016 Hanover stabbing Germany
2016 Murder of Hallel Yaffa Ariel Israel
2016 Stabbing of Brussels police officers Brussels, Belgium
2016 Stabbing of Charleroi police officers Charleroi, Belgium
2016 Magnanville stabbing France
2016 Normandy church attack France
2016 Ohio machete attack United States
2016 Paris police station attack Paris
2016 Würzburg train attack Würzburg, Germany
2016 Munich knife attack Munich, Germany
2016 Ohio State University attack United States
2016 Minto stabbing attack Australia
2017 Westminster attack London
2017 Paris machete attack Paris
2017 Jerusalem Light Rail stabbing Israel
2017 Queanbeyan stabbing attacks Australia
2017 London Bridge attack London
2017 Notre Dame attack Paris
2017 Jerusalem attack Israel
2017 Bishop International Airport incident United States
2017 Hurghada attack Egypt
2017 Halamish stabbing attack Israel
2017 Marseille stabbing France
2017 Turku stabbing Turku, Finland
2017 Hamburg stabbing Hamburg, Germany
2018 2018 Ariel stabbing Israel
2018 2018 Vienna embassy stabbing Austria
2018 2018 Paris knife attack France
2018 2018 Liège attack Belgium
2018 Flensburg stabbing incident Germany
2018 Lübeck bus attack Germany
2018 Amsterdam train station attack Amsterdam, Netherlands
2018 2018 Melbourne stabbing attack Australia
2018 Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland Morocco
2019 Oslo knife attack Oslo, Norway

See also

References

  1. ^ Bergen, Peter (22 March 2017). "London shows the challenge of preventing low-tech terror". CNN. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  2. ^ a b "Latest Issue of Inspire Magazine Encourages Small Scale Attacks". ADL. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  3. ^ a b Johnson, Bridget (6 October 2016). "ISIS Call for Stabbing Sprees a Nightmare Scenario for Stopping Terror Plots". New York Observer. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  4. ^ Wright, Robin (26 November 2016). "The Hand of ISIS at Ohio State". The New Yorker. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  5. ^ a b Wedeman, Ben (15 October 2015). "Israeli-Palestinian violence: What you need to know". CNN. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  6. ^ Booth, William (25 December 2015). "Israelis are calling attacks a 'new kind of Palestinian terrorism'". Washington Post. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  7. ^ "U.S. House Panel Unanimously Votes to Condemn Palestinian Incitement". Haaretz.com. 2015-10-24.
  8. ^ Hatovely, Tzipi (31 January 2016). "Palestinian Incitement: Hate-Speech That Kills". Newsweek. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  9. ^ Fox, Robert (27 June 2017). "Israel changes tactics to tackle street terror". London Evening Standard.
  10. ^ Jenkins, Nash (19 December 2016). "A Timeline of Recent Terrorist Attacks in Europe". Time. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  11. ^ Rubin, Alissa (5 October 2016). "2 Brussels Police Officers Are Stabbed in 'Potential Terrorist Attack'". New York Times. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mass_stabbing&oldid=897449882"