2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season: Difference between revisions
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On 17 November 2020, the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) noted the potential for [[tropical cyclogenesis]] over the central [[Arabian Sea]] in association with an area [[Atmospheric convection|convection]] near the [[Maldives]].<ref>{{cite report|publisher=India Meteorological Department|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|date=17 November 2020|accessdate=23 November 2020|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (The Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) Valid for Next 120 Hours Issued at 0600 UTC of 17.11.2020 Based on 0300 UTC of 17.11.2020|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2020/11/17/text/Severe/}}</ref> Convective activity was enhanced by the [[Madden–Julian oscillation]] while [[sea surface temperature]]s of {{convert|29|to|30|C|F|abbr=on}} and low [[wind shear]] favored additional development.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=India Meteorological Department|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|date=18 November 2020|accessdate=23 November 2020|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (The Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) Valid for Next 120 Hours Issued at 0600 UTC of 18.11.2020 Based on 0300 UTC of 18.11.2020|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2020/11/18/text/Severe/}}</ref><ref name="JTWC1"/> By 18 November, a weak low-level circulation developed about 1,185 km (735 mi) east-southeast of [[Socotra]].<ref name="JTWC1">{{cite report|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|date=18 November 2020|accessdate=23 November 2020|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2020/11/18/text/Severe/}}</ref> Organization thereafter was stymied as it became embedded within a monsoon trough. Two additional circulations developed to the east and west of the original low; however, the original low steadily became the dominant system by absorbing the previous two circulations.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|date=21 November 2020|accessdate=23 November 2020|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2020/11/21/text/Severe/}}</ref> On 21 November, two [[scatterometer]] passes revealed a single, well-defined low with gale-force winds underneath an area of flaring convection.<ref name="JTWC2"/> At 18:00 UTC, the IMD classified the system as ''Depression ARB 04'' about 410 km (255 mi) east-southeast of Socotra.<ref>{{cite report|publisher=India Meteorological Department|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|date=22 November 2020|accessdate=26 November 2020|title=Special Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (The Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) Valid for Next 120 Hours Issued at 2200 UTC of 21.11.2020 Based on 1800 UTC of 21.11.2020|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2020/11/21/text/Severe/}}</ref> Similarly, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) initiated advisories on the system as ''Tropical Cyclone 03A''. Steered west by a [[subtropical ridge]] to the north, little intensification was expected before the cyclone's forecast [[landfall]] in Somalia.<ref name="JTWC2">{{cite report|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|via=Iowa Environmental Mesonet|date=21 November 2020|accessdate=26 November 2020|title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Three) Warning NR 001|url=https://mtarchive.geol.iastate.edu/2020/11/21/text/Severe/}}</ref> |
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On November 19, a low-pressure system formed in the [[Arabian Sea]]. It gradually organized as it moved slowly westwards. On November 22, the JTWC declared it a tropical storm.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tropical Storm 03A|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io0320web.txt}}</ref> It further intensified into a cyclonic storm and it was named ''Gati''. It explosively intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm later that day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Update on Cyclone Gati|url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/imd_latest/contents/cyclone.php#.}}</ref> According to the JTWC, it also intensified into a Category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone, developing a clear eye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JTWC track database|url=https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/tcdat/tc2020/IO/IO032020/txt/trackfile.txt}}</ref> |
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It had made a landfall in [[Ras Binnah]], [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Update on Cyclone Gati|url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/imd_latest/contents/cyclone.php#.}}</ref> And from {{convert|35|knot|km/h mph|round=5}} to {{convert|100|knot|km/h mph|round=5}} in 12 hours, Gati is the second fastest and the largest intensification ever in the entire basin.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=slillo|author=Sam Lillo|number=1330554977870200838|date=November 22, 2020|title=And its intensification from 35kt to 100kt in 12 hours is the largest on record in the entire basin.|access-date=November 22, 2020}}</ref> |
It had made a landfall in [[Ras Binnah]], [[Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Update on Cyclone Gati|url=https://mausam.imd.gov.in/imd_latest/contents/cyclone.php#.}}</ref> And from {{convert|35|knot|km/h mph|round=5}} to {{convert|100|knot|km/h mph|round=5}} in 12 hours, Gati is the second fastest and the largest intensification ever in the entire basin.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=slillo|author=Sam Lillo|number=1330554977870200838|date=November 22, 2020|title=And its intensification from 35kt to 100kt in 12 hours is the largest on record in the entire basin.|access-date=November 22, 2020}}</ref> |
Revision as of 07:28, 19 December 2020
This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. (October 2020) |
2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season | |
---|---|
![]() Season summary map | |
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | May 16, 2020 |
Last system dissipated | Season ongoing |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Amphan |
• Maximum winds | 240 km/h (150 mph) (3-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 920 hPa (mbar) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Depressions | 9 |
Deep depressions | 6 |
Cyclonic storms | 5 |
Severe cyclonic storms | 4 |
Very severe cyclonic storms | 3 |
Extremely severe cyclonic storms | 1 |
Super cyclonic storms | 1 (record high, tied with 1977, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1999, 2007 and 2019) |
Total fatalities | 269 total |
Total damage | > $15.685 billion (2020 USD) (Costliest North Indian Ocean cyclone season on record) |
Related articles | |
The 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and November, with peaks in late April to May and October to November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. The season began on May 16 with the designation of Depression BOB 01 in the Bay of Bengal, which later became Cyclone Amphan, the strongest storm in the Bay of Bengal recorded since the 1999 Odisha cyclone and breaking the record of Cyclone Nargis of 2008 as the costliest storm ever recorded in the basin.
The scope of the season is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean – the Arabian Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent, abbreviated ARB by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); and the Bay of Bengal to the east, abbreviated BOB by the IMD.
The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in the basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the United States's Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) releases unofficial advisories. On average, 3–4 cyclonic storms form in this basin every season.[1]
Season summary
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/q2w264oi01w3unmgb0sk616aze92nwg.png)
The season began on May 16 with the designation of Depression BOB 01 in the Bay of Bengal, which later became Cyclone Amphan, the strongest storm in the Bay of Bengal recorded since the 1999 Odisha cyclone and breaking the record of Cyclone Nargis of 2008 as the costliest storm ever recorded in the basin. Two more cyclones formed in the Arabian Sea, ARB 01, affecting Yemen and Oman, and Cyclone Nisarga, which made landfall in Maharashtra. After a four month pause of activity, BOB 02 formed, causing 98 fatalities. It's remnants formed ARB 03. It was a weak storm. After 2 days, BOB 03 formed, impacting and affecting West Bengal, Bangladesh and the Northeast India. It was also a weak storm, lasting for 2 days. After it's break, Cyclone Gati formed, leaving 8 confirmed, 30 missing as of today, on Somalia and Yemen, where the cyclone took place. On November 23, a depression formed in the Bay of Bengal, and it strengthened into Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Nivar, two days later. It made a landfall between Puducherry and Chennai close to Mahabalipuram in the midnight of November 25. It weakened into a well marked low pressure on the early hours of November 27. On November 28, a low pressure formed off the coast of Tamil Nadu, it gradually intensified into a depression, BOB 05. It later intensified into a deep depression and then into a cylonic storm, named Cyclone Burevi. It made landfall on Sri Lanka as a weak cyclonic storm before it degenerated to an area of low pressure.
Systems
Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan
Super cyclonic storm (IMD) | |
Category 5 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | May 16 – May 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 240 km/h (150 mph) (3-min); 920 hPa (mbar) |
At 00:00 UTC on May 16, a depression formed in the southeast Bay of Bengal and was identified as BOB 01. Six hours later, the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded the system to a deep depression. The system began bringing torrential rainfall to Sri Lanka and Southern India. Around 15:00 UTC, the system further developed into Cyclonic Storm Amphan.[2][3] That morning, landslide and flooding warnings were hoisted for parts of eastern Sri Lanka and the Indian state of Kerala were given expectations of torrential rainfall in the coming days.[4] By 09:00 UTC on May 17, Amphan had intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm. Within 12 hours, the storm had developed an eye and started to rapidly intensify, becoming an extremely severe cyclonic storm. According to the JTWC, it explosively intensified from a Category 1-equivalent cyclone to a Category 4-equivalent cyclone in just 6 hours. The following morning around 10:30 UTC, the IMD upgraded Amphan to a super cyclonic storm with 3-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph) and a minimum pressure of 920 hPa (27.46 inHg). This marked the second year in a row featuring a super cyclonic storm, the previous year seeing Kyarr in the Arabian Sea. On May 20, at approximately 17:30 IST, the cyclone made landfall near Bakkhali, West Bengal after weakening subsequently. It rapidly weakened once inland, and dissipated on the next day. It left behind a trail of catastrophic damage, and was later confirmed to be the costliest storm ever recorded in the basin.
Depression ARB 01
Depression (IMD) | |
Duration | May 29 – May 31 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
A depression formed overland near Salalah, Oman on May 29.
The Public Authority for Civil Aviation (PACA) in Oman advised residents to exercise caution and not to venture to low-lying areas or sea. The Supreme Committee asked people to remain at home in non-emergency circumstances.[5] The hospital in Sadah was evacuated as the depression intensified.[6] Over 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain fell in Dhofar Governorate on May 29;[7] some areas received the equivalent of 2 years of rainfall.[8] The highest precipitation total was measured in Mirbat, where 1,055 mm (41.5 in) of rain fell.[9] 2 days of heavy rainfall, accumulating to 260 mm (10 in), caused floods in Salalah.[10] Operations at the port of Salalah were interrupted by the tropical depression.[11] Residents in central Salalah experienced disruptions to power and water services. Military police were dispatched to clear roads and airlift people marooned by the floods.[12] Engineering teams from the Ministry of Defence were deployed to restore utilities and render air where necessary.[13] 2 people were found dead in a wadi due to flash floods,[14] while another person died and three were injured when a building collapsed.[8] More than 50 people were rescued from floods.[15]
Severe Cyclonic Storm Nisarga
Severe cyclonic storm (IMD) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 1 – June 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (3-min); 984 hPa (mbar) |
During May 31, an area of low pressure developed over the south-eastern Arabian Sea and remained as a well marked low pressure area over the same region until the evening. It strengthened into a depression over the east-central and south-east Arabian Sea in the early morning of June 1 when it was centered about 340 km south-west of Goa, 630 km south-southwest of Mumbai and 850 km south-southwest of Gujarat. It gave nearly 400 mm of extremely heavy rain at Kavaratti, Lakshadweep. On June 2, around noon, the prevailing deep depression intensified into a cyclonic storm thereby receiving the name Nisarga. Nisarga intensified into a severe cyclonic storm before making landfall near the coastal town of Alibag in Maharashtra at 12:30 (IST) on June 3. At the time, the system was at peak intensity with 3-minute sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph) and a central pressure of 984 hPa (29.06 inHg). The cyclone subsequently weakened into a deep depression by June 4.[16][17]
Deep Depression BOB 02
Deep depression (IMD) | |
Duration | October 11 – October 14 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min); 999 hPa (mbar) |
After 3 months of inactivity, on October 11, a depression developed over the west-central Bay of Bengal, though the system was originally observed near the Spratly Islands over the South China Sea on October 6. It continued to move westwards, making landfall near Saigon and further weakened into a low pressure cell while crossing the Indochina Peninsula and re-emerged in the Andaman Sea on October 9. It intensified into a well-marked low pressure area and then into a depression over the Bay of Bengal on October 10. It further intensified into a deep depression on October 12, remaining practically stationary over the same region.[18][19] After that, BOB 02 moved west-northwestwards and made landfall in Andhra Pradesh near Kakinada in the early hours of October 13 and weakened again into a depression.[20]
Due to BOB 02, Yanam (Puducherry), Andhra Pradesh, Telengana, Kerala, Maharashtra, and coastal Karnataka experienced heavy rain on October 12 and 13, with Hyderabad experiencing 32 cm of record-breaking torrential rain, creating flash floods in the city by October 13. At least 50 people died in different parts of Telengana (of which at least 19 were in the capital city of Hyderabad), 10 in Andhra Pradesh, and 38 in Maharashtra.[21] Extreme crop loss in north Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telengana occurred due to the system. The Telengana PM estimated damage costs to be ₹1,305 crore (US$682 million).[22] The system weakened into a well-marked low pressure area in south-central Maharashtra on the evening of October 14.[23] Though the system's lower-level circulation was partially exposed due to high vertical wind shear and continuous land interaction, the JTWC re-issued a tropical cyclone advisory on October 15. The IMD also forecasted BOB 02 to reintensify in the Arabian Sea.[24][25] The low pressure area intensified into Depression ARB 03 on the early hours of October 17.[26]
The system delayed the withdrawal of the southwest monsoon season by almost a week, a delay compounded by the formation of Depression ARB 03 and Depression BOB 03.[27]
Depression ARB 03
Depression (IMD) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 19 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
On October 17, the remnants of Deep Depression BOB 02 intensified into a depression in the East Central Arabian Sea. Moving westwards, the system dissipated into a well marked low pressure on the morning of October 19 over the West Central Arabian Sea due to unfavorable atmospheric conditions. Fishermen were advised not to go out to sea due to very rough sea conditions. Heavy rainfall occurred off the coast of Mumbai and its surroundings due to the system. No warnings were issued by IMD as no landfall occurred in the Arabian Peninsula.[28]
Monsoon withdrawal was delayed in Maharashtra by a week due to ARB 03.[29]
Depression BOB 03
Depression (IMD) | |
Duration | October 22 – October 24 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
On October 20, a low pressure formed over Central Bay of Bengal. The system then became more well-marked on October 21 over West Central Bay of Bengal. It further intensified into depression over northwest Bay of Bengal and adjoining Odisha Coast. The system crossed West Bengal's North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas and moved over the adjoining Bangladeshi coast on the noon of October 23 with the maximum wind speed of 45 km/h (30 mph). The system weakened into a well marked low pressure area, 50 km north-northwest of Dhaka on the morning of October 24.[30][31]
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Gati
Very severe cyclonic storm (IMD) | |
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 21 – November 24 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 140 km/h (85 mph) (3-min); 978 hPa (mbar) |
On 17 November 2020, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) noted the potential for tropical cyclogenesis over the central Arabian Sea in association with an area convection near the Maldives.[32] Convective activity was enhanced by the Madden–Julian oscillation while sea surface temperatures of 29 to 30 °C (84 to 86 °F) and low wind shear favored additional development.[33][34] By 18 November, a weak low-level circulation developed about 1,185 km (735 mi) east-southeast of Socotra.[34] Organization thereafter was stymied as it became embedded within a monsoon trough. Two additional circulations developed to the east and west of the original low; however, the original low steadily became the dominant system by absorbing the previous two circulations.[35] On 21 November, two scatterometer passes revealed a single, well-defined low with gale-force winds underneath an area of flaring convection.[36] At 18:00 UTC, the IMD classified the system as Depression ARB 04 about 410 km (255 mi) east-southeast of Socotra.[37] Similarly, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) initiated advisories on the system as Tropical Cyclone 03A. Steered west by a subtropical ridge to the north, little intensification was expected before the cyclone's forecast landfall in Somalia.[36]
It had made a landfall in Ras Binnah, Somalia.[38] And from 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) to 100 knots (185 km/h; 115 mph) in 12 hours, Gati is the second fastest and the largest intensification ever in the entire basin.[39]
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Nivar
Very severe cyclonic storm (IMD) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 23 – November 27 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (3-min); 980 hPa (mbar) |
On November 22, an area of low pressure was formed in the Bay of Bengal, off the coast of Tamil Nadu. It intensified into a depression on the early hours of November 23. In the early hours of November 24, it intensified into a cyclonic storm and it was named Nivar. It intensified into a Severe Cyclonic Storm as it moves westwards. IMD issued cyclone warnings off the coast of Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry and the country of Sri Lanka. It made landfall between Karaikal and Mamallapuram around Puducherry according to IMD. It weakened into well marked low pressure on the morning of November 27.
The JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert early on November 22 and according to them, it intensified into a tropical storm which was unofficially designated as Tropical Cyclone 04B.[40]
Cyclonic Storm Burevi
Cyclonic storm (IMD) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 30 – December 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (3-min); 996 hPa (mbar) |
On November 28, a low pressure area formed off the coast of Aceh. It gradually intensified into a depression on November 30.[41] The JTWC then issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system, that same day.[42] At 03:00 UTC on December 1, the depression was upgraded into a deep depression.[43] At 15:00 UTC, both the IMD and JTWC upgraded it to a cyclonic storm and tropical storm respectively and it was named Burevi, the fifth named storm of the season.[44][45] The name was initially suggested by the Maldives.[46] At this time, microwave imagery showed well-defined convective banding wrapping tightly around the low-level circulation (LLCC).[47] At 15:00 UTC on December 2, Burevi reached its peak intensity with 1-minute sustained winds of around 85 km/h (50 mph) and a barometric pressure of 996 mbar (29.41 inHg).[48] Shortly afterwards, Burevi made landfall along the east coast of Sri Lanka according to the Sri Lanka's Department of Meteorology.[49]
After weakening over Sri Lanka, Burevi exited into the Gulf of Mannar, early on December 3.[50] However, Burevi slowed down quickly as it became stuck in a col between two subtropical ridges on December 4; thus it stalled just west of Sri Lanka while it weakened back down to the equivalent of a tropical depression due to increasing vertical wind shear.[51] At 06:00 UTC on December 5, Burevi degenerated into an area of low pressure according to the IMD.[52]
Storm names
Within this basin, a tropical cyclone is assigned a name when it is judged to have reached cyclonic storm intensity with winds of 65 km/h (40 mph). The names were selected by members of the ESCAP/WMO panel on Tropical Cyclones between 2000 and May 2004, before the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in New Delhi started to assign names in September 2004. There is no retirement of tropical cyclone names in this basin as the list of names is only scheduled to be used once before a new list of names is drawn up. Should a named tropical cyclone move into the basin from the Western Pacific, then it will retain its original name. The next eight names from the list of North Indian Ocean storm names are listed below. Amphan is the last name from the original naming list published in 2004, while Nisarga is the first name from the new naming list published in 2020.
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Season effects
This is a table of all storms in the 2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, duration, peak intensities (according to the IMD storm scale), damage, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low, and all of the damage figures are in 2020 USD.
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
Amphan | May 16 – 21 | Super cyclonic storm | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | West Bengal, Odisha, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan | $13.6 billion | 128 | [53] |
ARB 01 | May 29 – 31 | Depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Oman, Yemen | Unknown | 3 | [8] |
Nisarga | June 1 – 4 | Severe cyclonic storm | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Maharashtra, Goa | $803 million | 6 | [54] |
BOB 02 | October 11 – 14 | Deep depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) | Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry, Telengana, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra | $681 million | 98 | [55][21] |
ARB 03 | October 17 – 19 | Depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Maharashtra | Minimal | None | |
BOB 03 | October 22 – 24 | Depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | West Bengal, Bangladesh, Northeast India | Minimal | None | |
Gati | November 21 – 24 | Very severe cyclonic storm | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 978 hPa (28.88 inHg) | Somalia, Yemen, Djibouti | $1 million | 9 | [56][57] |
Nivar | November 23 – 27 | Very severe cyclonic storm | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Sri Lanka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry | $600 million | 14 | |
Burevi | November 30 – December 5 | Cyclonic storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Kerala | Unknown | 11 | |
Season aggregates | ||||||||
9 systems | May 16 – Season ongoing | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | $15.7 billion | 269 |
See also
- Tropical cyclones in 2020
- North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- 2020 Atlantic hurricane season
- 2020 Pacific hurricane season
- 2020 Pacific typhoon season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2019–20, 2020–21
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2019–20, 2020–21
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2019–20, 2020–21
References
- ^ "Annual Frequency of Cyclonic Disturbances (Maximum Wind Speed of 17 Knots or More), Cyclonic Storms (34 Knots or More) and Severe Cyclonic storm (48 Knots or More) Over the Bay of Bengal (BOB), Arabian Sea (AS) and Land Surface of India" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ "RSMC TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVISORY BULLETIN" (PDF). Regional Specialised Metrological Center. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Cyclone Amphan Live Update: SuCS Moving Away From Odisha Coast". Odisha Television. 20 May 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
- ^ "Cyclone Amphan warning issued in India and Sri Lanka One person has died and a woman has gone missing as rains lash Sri Lanka". 16 May 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Low pressure system 200km away from Oman coast". Times of Oman. Muscat, Oman: Muscat Media Group. May 28, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
- ^ "Sadah Hospital evacuated as centre of tropical depression moves towards Dhofar". Times of Oman. Muscat, Oman: Muscat Media Group. May 29, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
- ^ "Heavy rains, strong winds may continue in Dhofar until tomorrow: PACA official". Times of Oman. Muscat, Oman: Muscat Media Group. May 29, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
- ^ a b c Nasrallah, Tawfiq (May 30, 2020). "Three people die due to heavy rains in Oman". Gulf News. Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Gulfnews.com. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
- ^ "Rainfall amounts in Oman exceed 2018 cyclone Mekunu". Times of Oman. Muscat, Oman: Muscat Media Group. June 2, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
- ^ McElwee, Ro (May 30, 2020). "Two days of rain have revived the roar of waterfalls in Salalah". Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera Media Network. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ "Operations at Salalah port suspended". Times of Oman. Muscat, Oman: Muscat Media Group. May 30, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ "Oman floods leave one dead in southern city of Salalah". The National. The National. May 30, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ "Tropical depression: Oman's defence ministry teams provide assistance". Times of Oman. Muscat, Oman: Muscat Media Group. June 2, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
- ^ "Two dead as Dhofar witnesses heavy rain and flooding". Times of Oman. Muscat, Oman: Muscat Media Group. May 30, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
- ^ "Dhofar rescue teams rise to the challenge". Times of Oman. Salalah, Oman: Muscat Media Group. May 31, 2020. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
- ^ "Highlights: Cyclone Weakened, May Enter Madhya Pradesh From Its Southern Parts, Says Weather Department". NDTV.com. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
- ^ Severe Cyclonic Storm "NISARGA" over the eastcentral and adjoining southeast Arabian Sea (01st-04th June, 2020): Summary (PDF) (Report). Indian Meteorological Department. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
- ^ "BULLETIN NO.:3 (BOB/02/2020)" (PDF). Retrieved October 11, 2020.
- ^ "Significant Tropical Cyclone Advisory on 91 B".
- ^ "Observed and forecast track along with cone of uncertainty of deep depression over Bay of Bengal based on 06:00 UTC of 12th Oct, 2020". Retrieved October 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "At least 50 die due to rain, floods in Telangana; 27 in Maharashtra". Scroll.in. October 15, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
- ^ "BULLETIN NO.:18 (BOB/01/2020)" (PDF). October 13, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
- ^ "National Bulletin IMD". mausam.imd.gov.in. Retrieved 2020-10-14.
- ^ "BULLETIN NO.:20(BOB/02/2020)" (PDF).
- ^ "Significant Tropical Cyclone Advisory on 92A".
- ^ "BULLETIN NO. : 01 (ARB/03/2020)" (PDF).
- ^ "'Monsoon withdrawal from Maharashtra likely to be delayed by another week': IMD". Hindustan Times. 2020-10-16. Retrieved 2020-10-18.
- ^ "National Weather Bulletin IMD". mausam.imd.gov.in. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
- ^ Mohanty, Shashwat. "Monsoon withdrawal delayed further: IMD". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2020-10-18.
- ^ "Bulletin of Depression BOB 03". mausam.imd.gov.in. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
- ^ "Significant Tropical Cyclone Advisory on 93B".
- ^ Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (The Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) Valid for Next 120 Hours Issued at 0600 UTC of 17.11.2020 Based on 0300 UTC of 17.11.2020 (Report). India Meteorological Department. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
- ^ Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean (The Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) Valid for Next 120 Hours Issued at 0600 UTC of 18.11.2020 Based on 0300 UTC of 18.11.2020 (Report). India Meteorological Department. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
- ^ a b Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
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ignored (help) - ^ "Xaafuun: Sideed qof oo kaluumaysato ajaaniib ah oo ku dhintay roobabkii d'ay (daawo)" (in Somali). Radio Daljir. November 23, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
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