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Bangles are traditionally rigid bracelets which are usually made of metal, wood, glass or plastic. These ornaments are worn mostly by women in Indian Subcontinent, Southeastern Asia and Africa. It is common to see a bride wearing glass bangles at her wedding in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and in other Asian countries. Bangles may also be worn by young girls and bangles made of gold or silver are preferred for toddlers.

File:Indian Bride in Bangles.png

Bride in Bangles

Bangles are also known as Kannada: ಬಳೆ Bale, Nepali: चुरा Chura, Bengali: চুড়ি churi, Assamese: খাৰু kharu, Template:Lang-or, Template:Lang-ta, Hindi: चूड़ी Choodi, Marathi: बांगडी Bangadi, Template:Lang-te, Urdu: چوڑیاں, Pashto: بنګړې,Template:Lang-bal and Gujarati:બંગડી.

History

File:A Sikh wedding.jpg

Bride with Chooda in a Sikh wedding.

Pair of bangles, about 1880, India, V&A Museum

Bangles made from sea shell, copper, bronze, gold, agate, chalcedony, etc. have been first excavated from multiple archaeological sites throughout the Indian subcontinent.^[1] A figurine of a dancing girl wearing bangles on her left arm has been excavated from a Hindu Civilization called Mohenjo-daro (2600 BC).^[2]

Other early examples of bangles in ancient India include copper samples from the excavations at Mahurjhari, followed by the decorated bangles belonging to the Mauryan Empire (322–185 BC) and the gold bangle samples from the historic site of Taxila (6th century BC).^[1] Decorated shell bangles have also been excavated from multiple Mauryan sites.^[1] Other features include copper rivets and gold-leaf inlay in some cases.^[1]

File:Punjabi kada.jpg

Punjabi Kada, one of the 5 K in Sikhism

Some men and women wear a single bangle on the arm or wrist called kada or kara. In Sikhism, the father of a Sikh bride will give the groom a gold ring, a kara (steel or iron bangle), and a mohra.^[3] Chooda is a kind of bangle that is worn by Punjabi women on her wedding day. It is a set of white and red bangles with stonework. According to tradition, a woman is not supposed to buy the bangles she will wear.Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh is India's largest producer of bangles.

Although people in other parts of India used to wear a thick single bangle as protection usually in wars to minimize the injuries on hand done by swords or any other sharp weapons.

Design

Bangles are circular in shape, and, unlike bracelets, are not flexible. The word is derived from Hindi bungri (glass).^[4] They are made of numerous precious as well as non-precious materials such as gold, silver, platinum, glass, wood, ferrous metals, plastic, etc. Bangles made from sea shell, which are white colour, are worn by married Bengali and Oriya Hindu women. A special type of bangle is worn by women and girls, especially in the Bengal area, commonly known as a "Bengali bangle", which is used as a substitute for a costly gold bangle, and is produced by fixing a thin gold strip (weighing between 1–3 g) is thermo-mechanically fused onto a bronze bangle, followed by manual crafting on that fused gold strip.

Bangles are part of traditional South Asian jewellery. They are sometimes worn in pairs by women, one or more on each arm. It is also common for women to wear a single bangle or several bangles on just one wrist. Most Indian women prefer wearing either gold or glass bangles or a combination of both. Inexpensive bangles made from plastic are slowly replacing those made by glass, but the ones made of glass are still preferred at traditional occasions such as marriages and on festivals. Bangles are the signs for traditional women and girls. Bangles play a very important role in various India dance forms. Some of dance forms include bangles striking to each other a tone of the music.

The designs range from simple to intricate handmade designs, often studded with precious and semi-precious stones such as diamonds, gems and pearls. Sets of expensive bangles made of gold and silver make a jingling sound. The imitation jewellery tends to make a tinny sound when jingled.

Types

There are two basic types of bangles: a solid cylinder type; and a split, cylindrical spring opening/closing type. The primary distinguishing factor between these is the material used to make the bangles. This may vary from anything from glass to jade to metal to lac and even rubber or plastic.

One factor that adds to the price of the bangles is the artifacts or the work done further on the metal. This includes embroidery or small glass pieces or paintings or even small hangings that are attached to the bangles. The rareness of a color and its unique value also increase the value. Bangles made from lac are one of the oldest types and among the most brittle. Lac is a resinous material, secreted by insects, which is collected and molded in hot kilns to make these bangles. Among the recent kinds are rubber bangles, worn more like a wristband by youngsters, and plastic ones which add a trendy look.

Diamond studded Bangles

Normally, a bangle worn by people around the world is simply an inflexible piece of jewelry worn around the wrist. However, in many cultures, especially those from Indian cultures and the broader Indian subcontinent, bangles have evolved into various types in which different ones are used on different occasions.^[5]

Following are some popular designs of bangles in India:-

Jadau Bangles (Also known Kundan).
Meenakari Bangles.
Lac or Lakhs Bangles.

Bangles, in India, usually used by married women or girl. A chura is a set of Bangles traditionally worn by a bride on her wedding day and for a period after, especially in Punjabi weddings.

Production

A store at Laad Bazaar, Hyderabad, Telangana India, selling bangles and jewellery. The Laad Bazaar and the Charminar market area are famous for pearls and bangles.

Hyderabad, India, has a historic world-famous market for bangles named Laad Bazaar.^[6]
Glass bangles are mostly produced in the old Indian city of Firozabad in North India.
Pakistan glass bangles are produced mainly in Hyderabad, Pakistan.

Gallery

Tamil bangles
Bangladeshi women wearing Reshmi bangles
Plastic Bangles, Bangalore
Women's Business, Pushkar, India
The vendor women sell bangles made of glass in variety of colours and designs which is very popular among the women.
Bangles at a shop.

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ghosh, page 224
^ Ghosh, page 83
^ "Bangles, necklaces, and garlands". Tepapa.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
^ "Etymology of Selected Words of Indian Language Origin". Wmich.edu. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2013.
^ "Bangles". Tamilnadu.com. 4 March 2013.
^ "Hyderabad on the Net: Other Attractions". Hyderabad.co.uk. Archived from the original on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

References

Ghosh, Amalananda (1990). An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology. Brill. ISBN 90-04-09264-1.

[Ghosh224-1] Ghosh, page 224

[ghosh83-2] Ghosh, page 83

[3] "Bangles, necklaces, and garlands". Tepapa.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

[4] "Etymology of Selected Words of Indian Language Origin". Wmich.edu. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

[5] "Bangles". Tamilnadu.com. 4 March 2013.

[6] "Hyderabad on the Net: Other Attractions". Hyderabad.co.uk. Archived from the original on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2013.

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@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 Bangles are circular in shape, and, unlike [[bracelet]]s, are not flexible. The word is derived from Hindi {{transl|hi|bungri}} (glass).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wmich.edu/dialogues/themes/indianwords.htm |title=Etymology of Selected Words of Indian Language Origin |publisher=Wmich.edu |access-date=2013-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220033539/http://www.wmich.edu/dialogues/themes/indianwords.htm |archive-date=20 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> They are made of numerous precious as well as non-precious materials such as [[gold]], [[silver]], [[platinum]], [[glass]], [[wood]], [[iron|ferrous metals]], [[plastic]], etc. Bangles made from sea shell, which are white colour, are worn by married [[Bengali people|Bengali]] and [[Oriya people|Oriya]] [[Hindu]] women. A special type of bangle is worn by women and girls, especially in the Bengal area, commonly known as a "Bengali bangle", which is used as a substitute for a costly gold bangle, and is produced by fixing a thin gold strip (weighing between 1–3 g) is thermo-mechanically fused onto a bronze bangle, followed by manual crafting on that fused gold strip.
-Bangles are part of traditional Indian jewellery. They are sometimes worn in pairs by women, one or more on each arm. It is also common for women to wear a single bangle or several bangles on just one wrist. Most Indian women prefer wearing either gold or glass bangles or a combination of both. Inexpensive bangles made from plastic are slowly replacing those made by glass, but the ones made of glass are still preferred at traditional occasions such as marriages and on festivals. Bangles are the signs for traditional women and girls. Bangles play a very important role in various India dance forms. Some of dance forms include bangles striking to each other a tone of the music.
+Bangles are part of traditional [[South Asia|South Asian]] jewellery. They are sometimes worn in pairs by women, one or more on each arm. It is also common for women to wear a single bangle or several bangles on just one wrist. Most Indian women prefer wearing either gold or glass bangles or a combination of both. Inexpensive bangles made from plastic are slowly replacing those made by glass, but the ones made of glass are still preferred at traditional occasions such as marriages and on festivals. Bangles are the signs for traditional women and girls. Bangles play a very important role in various India dance forms. Some of dance forms include bangles striking to each other a tone of the music.
 The designs range from simple to intricate handmade designs, often studded with precious and semi-precious stones such as [[diamond]]s, [[Gemstone|gem]]s and [[pearl]]s. Sets of expensive bangles made of gold and silver make a jingling sound. The imitation jewellery tends to make a tinny sound when jingled.