Stavangersk: Difference between revisions

Stavangersk
Stavangersk
Pronunciation	local: [staˈvǎŋəʁsk]
Region	Stavanger
Language family	Indo-European Germanic North Germanic West Scandinavian South-West Norwegian Stavangersk; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None

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Stavangersk, Stavanger dialect or Stavanger Norwegian (Norwegian: Stavangersk, Stavanger-dialekt (Bokmål) or Stavangerdialekt (Nynorsk)) is a dialect of Norwegian used in Stavanger.

The pronunciation and origin resembles that of the written Nynorsk, yet the official written language of the Stavanger municipality is Bokmål.

Phonology

Consonants

/n, t, d, l/ are alveolar [n, t, d, l].^[1]
As in Bergen and Oslo, younger speakers of the Stavanger dialect tend to merge /ç/ with /ʃ/.^[2]
/r/ is realized as a voiced uvular continuant, either a fricative [ʁ] or an approximant [ʁ̞]. It can be voiceless [χ] before a voiceless consonant or a pause. This means that the dialect does not possess retroflex consonants.^[3]

Vowels

The long close central /ʉː/ and close back /uː/ vowels can be realized as closing diphthongs [əʉ] and [əu].^[4]
The short counterpart of /ʉː/ is close-mid [ɵ].^[4]
The short close back vowel is more front than in Oslo, near-back [ʊ] rather than back [ʊ̠].^[4]
The m

d back vowels are somewhat advanced from the fully back position, i.e. near-back, rather than back. The long /oː/ is close-mid [o̟ː], whereas the short /ɔ/ is open-mid [ɔ̟].^[5]

The long open back vowel is phonetically back [ɑː], but its short counterpart is front [a], identical to the cardinal [a]. It is the most anterior realization of this vowel in Norway.^[6]
The non-native diphthong ⟨ai⟩ has a front starting point [æi].^[7]

Diphthong phonemes of
Stavangersk^[8]
Starting point	Ending point
	Front		Central
	unrounded	rounded	rounded
Mid	ei	øy	øʉ

Tonemes

Phonetic realization

Phonetically, the tonemes of the Stavanger dialect are the same as those of Central Standard Swedish; accent 1 is rising-falling, whereas accent 2 is double falling.^[9]^[10]

References

^ Vanvik (1979), pp. 30–31, 34, 36.
^ Kristoffersen (2000), p. 23.
^ Vanvik (1979), p. 38.
^ ^a ^b ^c Vanvik (1979), p. 18.
^ Vanvik (1979), pp. 17–18.
^ Vanvik (1979), p. 17.
^ Vanvik (1979), p. 22.
^ Ims (2010), p. 15.
^ Kristoffersen (2000), p. 238.
^ Ophaug (2014), p. 59.

Bibliography

Ims, Charlotte Sol (2010), Sandnes i skyggen av Stavanger - en sociolingvistisk undersøkelse av Sandnes-mål med utgangspunkt i utvalgte språklige variabler (PDF), Adger: Universitetet i Adger
Kristoffersen, Gjert (2000), The Phonology of Norwegian, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-823765-5
Ophaug, Wencke (2014), EXFAC Fonetikk og fonologi (PDF)
Vanvik, Arne (1979), Norsk fonetikk, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, ISBN 82-990584-0-6

External links

A short presentation of differences between the Oslo dialect and the Stavanger dialect (Youtube)
"dialekter i Rogaland – Store norske leksikon". Retrieved 4 August 2015.

[FOOTNOTEVanvik197930–31,_34,_36-1] Vanvik (1979), pp. 30–31, 34, 36.

[FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200023-2] Kristoffersen (2000), p. 23.

[FOOTNOTEVanvik197938-3] Vanvik (1979), p. 38.

[FOOTNOTEVanvik197918-4] Vanvik (1979), p. 18.

[FOOTNOTEVanvik197917–18-5] Vanvik (1979), pp. 17–18.

[FOOTNOTEVanvik197917-6] Vanvik (1979), p. 17.

[FOOTNOTEVanvik197922-7] Vanvik (1979), p. 22.

[FOOTNOTEIms201015-8] Ims (2010), p. 15.

[FOOTNOTEKristoffersen2000238-9] Kristoffersen (2000), p. 238.

[FOOTNOTEOphaug201459-10] Ophaug (2014), p. 59.

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@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 * The short counterpart of {{IPA|/ʉː/}} is close-mid {{IPAblink|ɵ}}.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=18}}
 * The short close back vowel is more front than in Oslo, near-back {{IPAblink|ʊ}} rather than back {{IPAblink|ʊ̠}}.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=18}}
+* The m
-* The mid back vowels are somewhat advanced from the fully back position, i.e. near-back, rather than back. The long {{IPA|/oː/}} is close-mid {{IPAblink|o|o̟ː}}, whereas the short {{IPA|/ɔ/}} is open-mid {{IPAblink|ɔ|ɔ̟}}.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|pp=17–18}}
+d back vowels are somewhat advanced from the fully back position, i.e. near-back, rather than back. The long {{IPA|/oː/}} is close-mid {{IPAblink|o|o̟ː}}, whereas the short {{IPA|/ɔ/}} is open-mid {{IPAblink|ɔ|ɔ̟}}.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|pp=17–18}}
 * The long open back vowel is phonetically back {{IPAblink|ɑː}}, but its short counterpart is front {{IPAblink|a}}, identical to the cardinal  {{IPAblink|a}}. It is the most anterior realization of this vowel in Norway.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=17}}
 * The non-native diphthong {{angbr|ai}} has a front starting point {{IPA|[æi]}}.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=22}}