List of super typhoons: Difference between revisions
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|| [[Typhoon Chanthu (2021)|Chanthu]]|| {{sort|20210908|September 8, 2021 – September 9, 2021 & September 10 - September 11}} || {{sort|48|48 hours}} || {{convert|905|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm color|cat5}}|{{sort|285|{{convert|285|km/h|mph}}}}|| [[Philippines]], [[Taiwan]], [[Eastern China]], [[Japan]] || {{nts|None}} ||{{ntsp|748000||$}}|| |
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| [[Typhoon Rai|Rai]]|| {{sort|20211216|December 16, 2021 & December 18, 2021}} || {{sort|12|12 hours}} || {{convert|915|hPa|inHg|sigfig=4|abbr=on|sortable=on}} || bgcolor=#{{storm color|cat5}}|{{sort|265|{{convert|265|km/h|mph}}}}|| [[Caroline Islands]], [[Palau]], [[Philippines]], [[Vietnam]] || {{nts|186}} ||{{ntsp|501000000||$}}|| |
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Revision as of 17:04, 19 December 2021
 | This article is missing information about all super typhoons from 1961 to 2019. (November 2020) |
Since 1947, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) has classified all typhoons in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean with wind speeds of at least 130 knots (67 m/s; 150 mph; 240 km/h)—the equivalent of a strong Category 4 on the Saffir–Simpson scale, as super typhoons.[1] Since that year, 309 super typhoons have occurred in the basin, the latest being Typhoon Rai in 2021. Only two Pacific typhoon seasons have not included at least 1 super typhoon, which were the 1949 Pacific typhoon season and 1974 Pacific typhoon season. The most typhoons to have reached this intensity in a single season is tied between 1965 and 1997, with 11 becoming super typhoons.
Background
All typhoons that reach an intensity of at least 130 knots (150 mph; 240 km/h) are referred to by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center as super typhoons.[1] The first typhoon to be identified as a "super typhoon" by the JTWC was Typhoon Rosalind of 1947, a high-end Category 4-equivalent typhoon.[2] From there on, 4 years later, Typhoon Iris in 1951 would become the first Category 5-equivalent typhoon referred to as a super typhoon ever recorded.[3] Tropical cyclones of these violent intensities occur much more often in the Western Pacific, due to the fact it is one of the most active tropical cyclone basins on the planet knowing to the fact it has the warmest sea surface temperatures, which tropical cyclones need to thrive.[4][5] Sufficient sea surface temperatures and the frequent passing of the Madden–Julian oscillation allow these cyclones to quickly intensify and blossom into violent storms.[5]
Since the first super typhoon was designated, approximately 306 other super typhoons have formed to date. The strongest (and also the most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded) was Typhoon Tip in 1979, the costliest (also the costliest typhoon on record) was Typhoon Hagibis in 2019, the longest-lived was Typhoon Noru in 2017 and Typhoon Rita in 1972, and the deadliest was Typhoon Haiyan in the record-breaking 2013 Pacific typhoon season. Additionally, the earliest-forming super typhoon was Typhoon Karen in January 1948, and the latest recorded was Typhoon Nock-ten in December 2016.
Systems
- Key
- † Discontinuous duration (weakened below super typhoon status before restrengthening)
1947–1959
| Name | Dates as a super typhoon[nb 1] |
Duration (hours) |
Pressure | Sustained wind speeds | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rosalind | October 8–9, 1947 | 24 hours | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | None | None | None | First recorded super typhoon |
| Karen | January 13, 1948 | 18 hours | 936 hPa (27.64 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | None | None | None | First and only super typhoon recorded in the month of January |
| Doris | May 9–10, 1950 | 30 hours | 922 hPa (27.23 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | None | None | None | |
| Iris | May 2–3, 1951 | 24 hours | 909 hPa (26.84 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Chuuk, Philippines | 9 | $9.3 million | First category 5-equivalent super typhoon |
| Olive | September 16–17, 1952 | 42 hours | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) | Wake Island | None | >$1.6 million | |
| Wilma | October 24–26, 1952 | 48 hours | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) | 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) | Philippines | 10 | Unknown | |
| Agnes | November 2–4, 1952 | 54 hours | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | None | None | Unknown | |
| Della | November 26, 1952 | 18 hours | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Philippines, Taiwan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Hester | December 30, 1952- January 1, 1953 | 60 hours | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) | Guam | None | None | |
| Kit | June 29-July 1, 1953 | 60 hours | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Taiwan, East China, South Korea | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Nina | August 11-16, 1953 | 120 hours | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) | East China | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Tess | September 21, 1953 | 12 hours | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Japan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Betty | October 29, 1953 | 12 hours | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | Philippines, Hainan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Doris | December 18, 1953 | 6 hours | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | None | None | None | |
| Ida | August 23–24, 1954 | 24 hours | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) | Philippines, Hainan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| June | September 7 and September 9, 1954 | 12 hours† | 901 hPa (26.61 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | Japan | 107 | Unknown | |
| Pamela | November 1–3 and November 5, 1954 | 84 hours† | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Philippines, Hong Kong | Unknown | Unknown | One of the first recorded Category 5 typhoons in the South China Sea |
| Ruby | November 6, 1954 | 18 hours | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | 270 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Luzon | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Sally | November 13–17, 1954 | 108 hours | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Luzon | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Clara | July 10–11, 1955 | 24 hours | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Shandong Province | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Kate | September 23–24, 1955 | 24 hours | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Luzon | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Louise | September 25–27, 1955 | 48 hours | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Japan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Patsy | December 2, 1955 | 6 hours | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Philippines | None | None | |
| Ruth | December 15, 1955 | 36 hours | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | 330 kilometres per hour (210 mph) | None | None | None | |
| Thelma | April 19–21, 1956 | 48 hours | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | 285 kilometres per hour (177 mph) | None | None | None | |
| Wanda | July 29-August 2, 1956 | 96 hours | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) | Taiwan, East China | 4,935 | Unknown | Deadliest typhoon of the 1950s |
| Emma | September 8–9, 1956 | 36 hours | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Ryukyu Islands | 77 | $8 million | |
| Gilda | September 21–22, 1956 | 24 hours | 936 hPa (27.64 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Philippines, Taiwan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Jean | October 20–21, 1956 | 24 hours | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Philippines | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Rose | January 24, 1957 | 18 hours | 952 hPa (28.11 inHg) | 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | None | None | None | |
| Virginia | June 21–30, 1957 | 90 hours | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Philippines, Taiwan, East China, Japan | 86 | $20 million | |
| Agnes | August 8, 1957 | 18 hours | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Japan, South Korea | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Faye | September 20, 1957 | 18 hours | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | None | None | None | |
| Hester | October 8, 1957 | 12 hours | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | Japan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Judy | October 23–24, 1957 | 24 hours | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | Japan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Lola | November 14–18, 1957 | 96 hours | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) | None | None | None | |
| Ophelia | January 13–14, 1958 | 30 hours | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Marshall Islands | None | Minor | |
| Phyllis | May 26–30, 1958 | 96 hours | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) | None | None | None | Strongest typhoon in May at the time, before being surpassed by Typhoon Damrey in 2000 |
| Winnie | July 15, 1958 | 12 hours† | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Taiwan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Alice | July 19–20, 1958 | 18 hours | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | Japan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Doris | July 25–27, 1958 | 48 hours | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | Japan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Grace | September 1–2, 1958 | 42 hours | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | 305 kilometres per hour (190 mph) | East China | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Helen | September 13–14, 1958 | 30 hours | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Japan | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Ida | September 23–26, 1958 | 72 hours | 877 hPa (25.90 inHg) | 325 kilometres per hour (202 mph) | Japan | 1,269 | $50 million | Most intense Pacific typhoon at the time, before being surpassed by Typhoon June in 1975. |
| Nancy | November 24–25, 1958 | 24 hours | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | None | None | None | |
| Joan | August 28–30, 1959 | 48 hours | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | 315 kilometres per hour (196 mph) | East China | None | None | |
| Sarah | September 14–15, 1959 | 30 hours | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | 305 kilometres per hour (190 mph) | East China, South Korea | >2,000 | >$102 million | |
| Vera | September 23–26, 1959 | 78 hours | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | 305 kilometres per hour (190 mph) | East China, Japan | >5,000 | >$261 million | One of the strongest typhoons to ever strike Japan |
| Charlotte | October 12–14, 1959 | 48 hours | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | 270 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Okinawa | 46 | >$300 thousand | |
| Dinah | October 17–21, 1959 | 102 hours | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Japan | None | None | |
| Gilda | December 16–18, 1959 | 54 hours | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Philippines, Vietnam | 23 | $1.5 million | |
| 51 systems | January 13, 1948 – December 19, 1959 | 877 mb | 325 kilometres per hour (202 mph) | 13,562 deaths | $435.7 million |
1960–1969
| Name | Dates as a super typhoon[nb 1] |
Duration (hours) |
Pressure | Sustained wind speeds | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shirley | July 30–31, 1960 | 18 hours | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | Taiwan, East China | None | None | |
| Ophelia | December 1–2, 1960 | 30 hours | 928 hPa (27.40 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | Ulithi Atoll, Yap | 7 | Unknown | First super typhoon name retired[6] |
| Tess | March 28–29, 1961 | 30 hours | 940 hPa (27.75 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | None | None | None | |
| Pamela | September 11, 1961 | 18 hours | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | 285 kilometres per hour (177 mph) | Taiwan, East China | 98 dead, 27 missing | $5 million | |
| Nancy | September 9–15, 1961 | 144 hours | 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) | 345 kilometres per hour (214 mph) | Guam, Ryukyu Islands, Japan | 202 dead, 8 missing | $500 million | Once considered to have had the strongest wind speeds ever recorded in a tropical cyclone prior to more reliable measurements from Hurricane Patricia[7] |
| Tilda | September 29–October 2, 1961 | 54 hours | 925 hPa (27.31 inHg) | 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Ryukyu Islands, East China | 2 | Unknown | |
| Violet | October 6–8, 1961 | 60 hours | 895 hPa (26.42 inHg) | 335 kilometres per hour (208 mph) | Japan | None | None | |
| Dot | October 9–12, 1961 | 66 hours | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Guam, Northern Mariana Islands | None | Unknown |
1970–1979
| Name | Dates as a super typhoon[nb 1] |
Duration (hours) |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
|---|
1980–1989
| Name | Dates as a super typhoon[nb 1] |
Duration (hours) |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
|---|
1990–1999
| Name | Dates as a super typhoon[nb 1] |
Duration (hours) |
Pressure | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
|---|
2000–2009
| Name | Dates as a super typhoon[nb 1] |
Duration (hours) |
Pressure | Sustained wind speeds | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Damrey | May 9–10, 2000 | 20 hours | 285 kilometres per hour (177 mph) | Caroline Islands | None | None |
2010–2019
| Name | Dates as a super typhoon[nb 1] |
Duration (hours) |
Pressure | Sustained wind speeds | Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Megi | October 17–18, 2010 | 30 hours | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) | Philippines, Southeastern China, Taiwan | 69 | $709 million | [8][9][10][11] |
| Songda | May 16, 2011 | 30 hours | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Micronesia, Philippines, Japan | 17 | $287 million | [8][12][13][14] |
| Muifa | July 30, 2011 | 6 hours | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Micronesia, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, China, South Korea, North Korea, Russia | 22 | $480 million | [8][15][16][17][18] |
| Nanmadol | August 26–27, 2011 | 24 hours | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Philippines, Taiwan, China, | 38 | $1.49 billion | |
| Nalgae | September 30, 2011 | 12 hours | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | Philippines, China, Vietnam | 18 | $250 million | |
| Guchol | ||||||||
| Sanba | ||||||||
| Jelawat | ||||||||
| Bopha | ||||||||
| Utor | ||||||||
| Usagi | ||||||||
| Francisco | ||||||||
| Lekima | ||||||||
| Haiyan | ||||||||
| Neoguri | ||||||||
| Rammasun | ||||||||
| Halong | ||||||||
| Genevieve | ||||||||
| Phanfone | ||||||||
| Vongfong | ||||||||
| Nuri | November 2–4, 2014 | 42 hours | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | 285 kilometres per hour (177 mph) | Japan | None | Minimal | [8] |
| Hagupit | ||||||||
| Higos | February 10, 2015 | 6 hours | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | None | None | None | [8] |
| Maysak | ||||||||
| Noul | ||||||||
| Dolphin | ||||||||
| Nangka | ||||||||
| Soudelor | ||||||||
| Atsani | August 19–20, 2015 | 36 hours | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Mariana Islands | None | None | [8] |
| Dujuan | ||||||||
| Koppu | ||||||||
| Nepartak | ||||||||
| Meranti | ||||||||
| Chaba | ||||||||
| Songda | October 11, 2016 | 6 hours | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | Pacific Northwest | None | Unknown | [8] |
| Haima | ||||||||
| Nock-ten | ||||||||
| Noru | ||||||||
| Lan | ||||||||
| Jelawat | March 30, 2018 | 6 hours | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | 240 kilometres per hour (150 mph) | Caroline Islands | None | None | [8] |
| Maria | ||||||||
| Jebi | ||||||||
| Mangkhut | ||||||||
| Trami | September 24–25, 2018 | 30 hours | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Mariana Islands, Taiwan, Japan, Russian Far East, Alaska | 4 | $2.69 billion | [8][19][20] |
| Kong-rey | October 1–2, 2018 | 30 hours | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Federated States of Micronesia, Japan, South Korea, East China, Taiwan | 3 | $171.5 million | [8][21][22][23][24][25] |
| Yutu | October 24–28, 2018 | 108 hours | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | 280 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Caroline Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Philippines, South China | 30 | $855 million | [8][26][27][28][29][30] |
| Wutip | February 23 & 25, 2019 | 26 hours† | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | 270 kilometres per hour (170 mph) | Guam, Federated States of Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands | None | $3.3 million | [8][31][32] |
| Lekima | August 8, 2019 | 18 hours | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph) | Caroline Islands, East China, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, Malaysia | 105 | $9.28 billion | [8][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] |
| Hagibis | October 7–10, 2019 | 66 hours† | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | 295 kilometres per hour (183 mph) | Mariana Islands, Japan, Russia, Alaska | 99 | $15 billion | [8][42] |
| Bualoi | October 22, 2019 | 12 hours | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph) | Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands | None | None | [8] |
| Halong | November 5–6, 2019 | 30 hours | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | 305 kilometres per hour (190 mph) | None | None | None | [8] |
2020–2029
| Name | Dates as a super typhoon[nb 1] |
Duration (hours) |
Pressure | Sustained wind speeds |
Areas affected | Deaths | Damage (USD) |
Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haishen | September 4, 2020 | 24 hours | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | 250 kilometres per hour (155 mph) | Mariana Islands, Japan, Korean Peninsula | 4 | $100 million | [43][44] |
| Goni | October 30 – November 1, 2020 | 54 hours | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | 315 kilometres per hour (195 mph) | Philippines, Vietnam | 26 | $392 million | [45][46][47] |
| Surigae | April 16, 2021 – April 18, 2021 | 48 hours | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | 305 kilometres per hour (190 mph) | Caroline Islands, Palau, Sulawesi, Philippines | 10 | $10.5 million | |
| Chanthu | September 8, 2021 – September 9, 2021 & September 10 - September 11 | 48 hours | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | 285 kilometres per hour (177 mph) | Philippines, Taiwan, Eastern China, Japan | None | $748,000 | |
| Rai | December 16, 2021 & December 18, 2021 | 12 hours | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | 265 kilometres per hour (165 mph) | Caroline Islands, Palau, Philippines, Vietnam | 186 | $501 million |
See also
References
- ^ a b Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2008-03-31). "What are the description labels used with tropical cyclones by JTWC?". Joint Typhoon Warning Center – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). Retrieved 2008-12-22.
- ^ "Super Typhoon ROSALIND (1947279N23145)". IBTRACS.
- ^ China Meteorological Administration. "China Meteorological Administration Best Track Data For the 1951 Pacific Typhoon Season". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
- ^ Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season?". NOAA. Retrieved July 25, 2006.
- ^ a b James B. Elsner; Kam-Biu Liu (2003-10-08). "Examining the ENSO-Typhoon Hypothesis" (PDF). Climate Research. 25: 43. Bibcode:2003ClRes..25...43E. doi:10.3354/cr025043. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
- ^ "Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: Typhoon Ophelia" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 1961. pp. 158–167. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
- ^ NOAA Tropical Cyclone FAQ Subject E1 Archived December 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine accessed March 7, 2006
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Western North Pacific Ocean Best Track Data". www.metoc.navy.mil. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
- ^ Sitrep No. 27 re Effects for Typhoon "Juan" (Megi) (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
- ^ "梅姬(MEGI)". 中央氣象局颱風警報發布概況表 (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved June 7, 2013.[dead link]
- ^ "Typhoon Megi Causes 2.8 Bln Yuan in Economic Losses in E. China". CRI English. December 8, 2010. Archived from the original on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
- ^ 保険支払い２０億円に 台風２号. Okinawa Times (in Japanese). June 23, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-06-24. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ NDRRMC Update SitRep No. 15 on Typhoon "Chedeng" (Songda) (PDF) (Report). May 31, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ "Typhoon Songda Floods Strike Japan Disaster Zone". www.earthweek.com. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ "NDRRMC Update re SitRep No. 12 on Typhoon "KABAYAN" (MUIFA)" (PDF). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ "Muifa downgrades, rain continues in northeast China". Xinhua News Agency. August 9, 2011. Archived from the original on 2016-02-02. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ "(2nd LD) Typhoon Muifa passes S. Korea along west coast, killing 4". Yonhap News Agency. August 8, 2011. Archived from the original on 2018-08-23. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ "NKorea: Tropical storm causes casualties, damage". Taiwan News. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
- ^ Shintaku, Ayumi; Shibata, Hidenami (May 21, 2019). "自然災害保険金、過去最高の１．６兆円支払い 値上げへ" [Natural disaster insurance money, record high 1.6 trillion yen payment price increase]. Asashi Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved 2021-03-19.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 平成３０年台風第２４号による被害及び 消防機関等の対応状況（第９報） (PDF) (Report) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
- ^ "農作物の台風被害拡大 沖縄、２４号と２５号で２０億円" (in Japanese). Ryūkyū Shimpō. October 10, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
- ^ "農林水産被害１２０億円 台風２４、２５号で県確定" (in Japanese). Miyazaki Nichinichi Shinbun. November 16, 2018. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
- ^ "정부, 태풍 콩레이 피해복구비 2360억 지원" (in Korean). Newsis. 2018-10-30. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Kong-rey Leaves 2 Dead, 1 Missing In South Korea | The Weather Channel". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
- ^ "Typhoon "Connie" hits South Korea and Japan, 2 people die, 1 person is missing, 1 person is dead" (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 2021-03-18.
- ^ Perez, Jon (June 11, 2019). "FEMA estimates $135M for NMI". Saipan Tribune. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Global Catastrophe Recap October 2018 (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-04. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
- ^ Gilbert, Haidee Eugenio (October 26, 2018). "Humanitarian crisis looms after Super Typhoon Yutu flattens parts of Saipan and Tinian". USA Today. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Gilbert, Haidee Eugenio (October 29, 2018). "Second death reported as a result of Super Typhoon Yutu". Pacific Daily News. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Man dies while surfing during typhoon in Shek O". Asia Times. November 1, 2018. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Preliminary cost estimate of Wutip: More than $1.3 million". Guam Pacific Daily News. March 1, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
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