List of sunken aircraft carriers: Difference between revisions
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| [[Leyte Gulf]] |
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Revision as of 04:46, 4 September 2023
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/IJN_carrier_Amagi_capsized_off_Kure_in_1946.jpg/300px-IJN_carrier_Amagi_capsized_off_Kure_in_1946.jpg)
With the advent of heavier-than-air flight, the aircraft carrier has become a decisive weapon at sea.[1] In 1911 aircraft began to be successfully launched and landed on ships with the successful flight of a Curtiss Pusher aboard USS Pennsylvania.[2] The British Royal Navy pioneered the first aircraft carrier with floatplanes, as flying boats under performed compared to traditional land based aircraft.[3] The first true aircraft carrier was HMS Argus,[2][4] launched in late 1917 with a complement of 20 aircraft and a flight deck 550 ft (170 m) long and 68 ft (21 m) wide.[4] The last aircraft carrier sunk in wartime was the Japanese aircraft carrier Amagi, in Kure Harbour in July 1945. The greatest loss of life was the 2,046 killed on Akitsu Maru—a converted passenger liner with a small flight deck, carrying the Imperial Japanese Army's 64th Infantry Regiment.
Brazil
Image | Ship | Type | Aircraft component | Sinking | |||
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Date | Location | Casualties | Conditions | ||||
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Foch, later São Paulo | Fleet carrier | 40 aircraft | 3 February 2023 | Atlantic Ocean | — | Scuttled by the Brazilian Navy after being denied scrapping in Aliaga, Turkey. |
France
Image | Ship | Type | Aircraft component | Sinking | |||
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Date | Location | Casualties | Conditions | ||||
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Biter later Dixmude | Escort carrier | 21 aircraft | 10 June 1966 | Mediterranean Sea | — | Out of service 1953. Sunk by United States Navy as target. |
Germany
Image | Ship | Type | Aircraft component | Sinking | |||
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Date | Location | Casualties | Conditions | ||||
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Graf Zeppelin | Fleet carrier | 42 aircraft | 16 August 1947 | Baltic Sea 55°31′03″N 18°17′09″E / 55.51750°N 18.28583°E | — | Never completed during World War II and extensively damaged by retreating Germans. Raised but later sunk by USSR as target. |
Italy
Image | Ship | Type | Aircraft component | Sinking | |||
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Date | Location | Casualties | Conditions | ||||
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Aquila | Fleet carrier | 51 aircraft | 19 April 1945 | Genova Harbor, Italy | — | Never completed. Sunk by Italian divers to prevent use as a blockship by Germans. |
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Sparviero | Light carrier | 34 aircraft | 5 October 1944 | Genova Harbor, Italy | — | Never completed. Sunk by Germans to block Genova Harbor |
Japan
Image | Ship | Type | Aircraft component | Sinking | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Location | Casualties | Conditions | ||||
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Akagi | Fleet carrier | 66 aircraft | 5 June 1942 | 30°30′N 178°40′W / 30.500°N 178.667°W | 267 | Crippled by dive bombers during the Battle of Midway later sunk by torpedoes from Japanese destroyers the following day. |
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Akitsu Maru | Escort carrier / landing craft depot ship | 8 aircraft | 15 November 1944 | East China Sea | 2,046 | Torpedoed by USS Queenfish |
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Amagi | Fleet carrier | 66 aircraft | 27 July 1945 | Kure Harbor | "Light" | Sunk during the attack on Kure Harbour 24–27 July |
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Chitose | Light carrier | 30 aircraft | 25 October 1944 | 19°20′N 126°20′E / 19.333°N 126.333°E | 903 | Sunk by torpedo bombers during the Battle of Leyte Gulf |
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Chiyoda | Light carrier | 30 aircraft | 25 October 1944 | 18°37′N 126°45′E / 18.617°N 126.750°E | 1,470 | Crippled by dive bombers. Later sunk by cruisers USS Santa Fe, USS Mobile, USS Wichita, and USS New Orleans during the Battle of Leyte Gulf. |
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Chuyo | Escort carrier | 27 aircraft | 4 December 1943 | 32°37′N 143°39′E / 32.617°N 143.650°E | 1,250 | Torpedoed by submarine USS Sailfish |
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Hiyō | Fleet carrier | 53 aircraft | 20 June 1944 | 16°20′N 132°32′E / 16.333°N 132.533°E | 247 | Sunk by torpedo bombers during the Battle of the Philippine Sea |
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Hiryū | Fleet carrier | 53 aircraft | 5 June 1942 | Midway Atoll | 385 | Crippled by dive bombers during the Battle of Midway, later scuttled by torpedoes fired from the Japanese destroyer Makigumo |
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Kaga | Fleet carrier | 72 aircraft | 5 June 1942 | Midway Atoll | 811 | Crippled by dive bombers during the Battle of Midway, later scuttled by torpedoes fired from the Japanese destroyer Hagikaze |
Nigitsu Maru | Escort carrier / landing craft depot ship | 8 aircraft | 12 January 1944 | off Okino-Daito Island | 574 | Torpedoed by USS Hake | |
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Ryūjō | Light carrier | 48 aircraft | 24 August 1942 | Solomon Islands | 120 | Sunk by torpedo bombers and dive bombers during the Battle of the Eastern Solomons |
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Shinano | Fleet carrier | 47 aircraft | 29 November 1944 | 32°0′N 137°0′E / 32.000°N 137.000°E | 1,435 | Torpedoed by submarine USS Archerfish |
Shinyo | Escort carrier | 27 aircraft | 17 November 1944 | East China Sea | 1,130 | Torpedoed by submarine USS Spadefish | |
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Shōhō | Light carrier | 30 aircraft | 6 May 1942 | 16°07′S 151°54′E / 16.117°S 151.900°E | 834 | Sunk by dive bombers during the Battle of the Coral Sea. |
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Shōkaku | Fleet carrier | 72 aircraft | 19 June 1944 | 11°40′N 137°40′E / 11.667°N 137.667°E | 1,272 | Torpedoed by submarine USS Cavalla during the Battle of the Philippine Sea. |
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Sōryū | Fleet carrier | 57 aircraft | 4 June 1942 | 30°38′N 179°13′W / 30.633°N 179.217°W | 711 | Crippled by dive bombers during the Battle of Midway. Later scuttled by Japanese destroyers. |
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Taihō | Fleet carrier | 65 aircraft | 19 June 1944 | 12°05′N 138°12′E / 12.083°N 138.200°E | 1,650 | Torpedoed by submarine USS Albacore during the Battle of the Philippine Sea. |
Taiyō | Escort carrier | 23 aircraft | 18 August 1944 | 18°10′N 120°22′E / 18.167°N 120.367°E | ~790 | Torpedoed by submarine USS Rasher off Cape Bolinao, Luzon. | |
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Unryū | Fleet carrier | 57 aircraft | 19 December 1944 | 29°59′N 124°03′E / 29.983°N 124.050°E | 1,238 | Torpedoed by submarine USS Redfish |
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Unyō | Escort carrier | 27 aircraft | 17 September 1944 | 19°8′N 116°36′E / 19.133°N 116.600°E | 239 | Torpedoed by submarine USS Barb |
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Zuihō | Light carrier | 30 aircraft | 25 October 1944 | 19°20′N 125°15′E / 19.333°N 125.250°E | 215 | Sunk by aircraft from US Navy Task Force 38 during the Battle of Leyte Gulf. |
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Zuikaku | Fleet carrier | 72 aircraft | 25 October 1944 | 19°20′N 125°51′E / 19.333°N 125.850°E | 843 | Sunk by aircraft from US Navy Task Force 38 during the Battle of Leyte Gulf |
United Kingdom
Image | Ship | Type | Aircraft component | Sinking | |||
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Date | Location | Casualties | Conditions | ||||
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Ark Royal | Fleet carrier | 60 aircraft | 14 November 1941 | Western Mediterranean 36°3′N 4°45′W / 36.050°N 4.750°W | 1 | Torpedoed by German submarine U-81 on 13 November 1941. Sank next day while under tow to Gibraltar. |
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Audacity | Escort carrier | 8 aircraft | 21 December 1941 | North Atlantic 43°45′N 19°54′W / 43.750°N 19.900°W | 73 | Torpedoed by German submarine U-751 |
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Avenger | Escort carrier | 15 aircraft | 15 November 1942 | 36°15′N 07°45′W / 36.250°N 7.750°W | 516 | Torpedoed by German submarine U-151 en route to Gibraltar |
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Courageous | Fleet carrier | 48 aircraft | 17 September 1939 | North Atlantic 50°10′N 14°45′W / 50.167°N 14.750°W | 519 | Torpedoed by German submarine U-29 |
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Dasher | Escort carrier | 15 aircraft | 27 March 1943 | Firth of Clyde 55°36′N 5°00′W / 55.600°N 5.000°W |
379 | Sunk from internal explosion of unknown cause. |
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Eagle | Fleet carrier | 30 aircraft | 11 August 1942 | Western Mediterranean 38°3′N 3°1′E / 38.050°N 3.017°E | 131 | Torpedoed by German submarine U-73 while escorting convoy to resupply Malta |
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Glorious | Fleet carrier | 48 aircraft | 8 June 1940 | Norwegian Sea 68°38′N 03°50′E / 68.633°N 3.833°E |
1,207 | Sunk by gunfire from German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. |
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Hermes | Light carrier | 20 aircraft | 9 April 1942 | Indian Ocean east of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka | 307 | Sunk by Imperial Japanese aircraft. |
United States
Image | Ship | Type | Aircraft component | Sinking | |||
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Date | Location | Casualties | Conditions | ||||
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America | Fleet carrier | 79 aircraft | 14 May 2005 | Cape Hatteras | — | Scuttled after being used as target |
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Bismarck Sea | Escort carrier | 27 aircraft | 21 February 1945 | Off Iwo Jima | 318 | Sunk by two Japanese kamikaze aircraft during the Battle of Iwo Jima |
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Block Island | Escort carrier | 24 aircraft | 29 May 1944 | Off the Canary Islands | 6 | Torpedoed by German submarine U-549 |
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Gambier Bay | Escort carrier | 28 aircraft | 25 October 1944 | Off Samar Island in the Philippines | 147 | Sunk by surface ships of the Japanese Center Force during the Battle off Samar |
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Hornet | Fleet carrier | 90 aircraft | 27 October 1942 | Off the Santa Cruz Islands | 140 | Crippled by torpedo bombers and dive bombers from Japanese fast carriers, sunk by torpedoes from the Japanese destroyers Makigumo and Akigumo after failed attempt to scuttle during the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands. |
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Independence | Light carrier | 30 aircraft | 29 September 1951 | Farallon Islands | — | Used as target during Operation Crossroads and later scuttled after decontamination tests |
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Langley | Seaplane tender (ex fleet carrier) | 34 aircraft | 27 February 1942 | about 75 mi south of Tjilatjap harbor (Java) | 319[a] | Crippled by Japanese dive bombers later scuttled by torpedoes and gunfire from the escorting ships |
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Lexington | Fleet carrier | 91 aircraft | 8 May 1942 | Coral Sea | 216 | Crippled by Japanese torpedo bombers and dive bombers during the Battle of the Coral Sea. Scuttled by USS Phelps. |
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Liscome Bay | Escort carrier | 28 aircraft | 24 November 1943 | off Butaritari Island | 644 | Torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-175 during the Battle of Makin |
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Ommaney Bay | Escort carrier | 28 aircraft | 4 January 1945 | Sulu Sea | 95 | Crippled by a Japanese kamikaze, later scuttled by the escorting destroyer USS Burns |
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Oriskany | Fleet carrier | 91 aircraft | 17 May 2006 | off Pensacola, Florida | — | Sunk to become an artificial reef |
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Princeton | Light carrier | 45 aircraft | 24 October 1944 | Leyte Gulf | 108 | Sunk by land-based Japanese bomber during the Battle of Leyte Gulf |
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St. Lo | Escort carrier | 28 aircraft | 25 October 1944 | Leyte Gulf | 143 | Sunk by Japanese kamikaze aircraft during the Battle off Samar |
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Saratoga | Fleet carrier | 91 aircraft | 25 July 1946 | Bikini Atoll | — | Sunk as target during Operation Crossroads |
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Wasp | Fleet carrier | 76 aircraft | 15 September 1942 | Southeast of San Cristobal Island | 193 | Sunk by the Japanese submarine I-19 during the Guadalcanal campaign. |
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Yorktown | Fleet carrier | 90 aircraft | 7 June 1942 | North of Midway Island | 141 | Crippled by Japanese dive bombers and torpedo bombers during the Battle of Midway later sunk by Japanese submarine I-168 while under tow. |
See also
- List of sunken battleships
- List of sunken battlecruisers
- List of sunken nuclear submarines
- List of aircraft carriers
- Timeline for aircraft carrier service
- List of aircraft carriers by country
Notes
- ^ According to the Bureau of Naval Personnel a total of 288 U.S. Navy officers and crewmen from Langley were missing in action and later declared dead following the sinking of Langley and the two ships (Pecos and Edsall) that rescued survivors but were also sunk shortly afterwards. Including the 31 United States Army Air Forces pilots that were originally on Langley that also died in a subsequent sinking, a total of 319 from Langley were killed.[5]
Footnotes
- ^ Bishop & Chant, p. 1
- ^ a b Bishop & Chant, p. 8
- ^ Bishop & Chant, p. 9
- ^ a b Polmar, p. 30
- ^ "Bureau of Personnel Entries by Date - US Navy". naval-history.net. Retrieved 25 August 2023.[better source needed]
References
- Bishop, Chris; Chant, Chris (2004). Aircraft Carriers The world's greatest naval vessels and their aircraft. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 0760320055.
- Fontenoy, Paul E. (2006). Aircraft Carriers: an illustrated history of their impact. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 185109573X.
- Polmar, Norman (2006). Aircraft Carriers: a history of carrier aviation and its influence on world events. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books Inc. ISBN 1574886630.