Naxos

Naxos Νάξος
Settlement
Naxos City
Country	Greece
Administrative region	South Aegean
Area
• Total	428 km2 (165 sq mi)
Highest elevation	11 m (36 ft)
Lowest elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population  (2006)
• Total	25,089
• Density	59/km2 (150/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code	843 xx
Area code(s)	22850
Vehicle registration	ΕΜ

Naxos (Greek: Νάξος; Italian: Nasso; Turkish: Nakşa) is a Greek island, the largest island (428 km²) in the Cyclades island group in the Aegean. It was the centre of archaic Cycladic culture.

The largest city and capital of the island is Hora, sometimes called Naxos City, with about 12,000 inhabitants. The main villages are Filoti, Apiranthos, Tragea (Chalki), Koronos, Sangri, and Apollonas.

Naxos is a popular tourist destination, with several easily accessible ruins. It has many beautiful beaches, such as those at Agia Anna, Agios Prokopios, Alikos, Kastraki, Mikri Vigla, Plaka, and Agios Georgios, most of them near Hora.

Naxos is the most fertile island of the Cyclades. It has a good supply of water in a region where water is usually inadequate. Mount Zas (1,008 metres) is the highest peak in the Cyclades, and tends to trap the clouds, permitting greater rainfall.

Mythic Naxos

Naxos City, Temple entrance landmark

According to a story in Greek mythology, the young Zeus was raised in a cave on Mt. Zas ("Zas" meaning "Zeus").

Homer mentions "Dia"; literally the sacred island "of the Goddess". Karl Kerenyi, speaking for the ancient Greeks, explains:

"This name, Dia, which means 'heavenly' or 'divine', was applied to several small craggy islands in our [ Aegean ] sea, all of them lying close to larger islands, such as Crete or Naxos. The name "Dia" was even transferred to the island of Naxos itself, since it was more widely supposed than any other to have been the nuptial isle of Dionysus." (Kerenyi 1951 pp271-2)

One legend has it that in the Heroic Age before the Trojan War, on this island Theseus abandoned Ariadne, daughter of Minos, King of Crete, after she had helped him kill the Minotaur and to escape from the Labyrinth. Dionysus, god of the island and protector of wine, festivities, and the primal energy of life, met her and fell in love with her. But eventually Ariadne, unable to bear her separation from Theseus, killed herself, according to the Athenians, or ascended to heaven, as the older versions had it.

According to another mythological story, the Aloadae had piled Mt. Ossa and Mt. Pelion on top of each other in front of Mt. Olympus, and were seen as a threat to the gods. To solve this problem, Artemis told Otus, one of the two brothers, that if he shall stop the siege of the Olympus she would come and be his lover at Naxos. Another story says that the Aloadae had actually settled Naxos.

Historical population

Year	Communal population	Change	Municipal population	Change	Island population	Change	Density
1981	3,884	-	-	-	14,037	-	32.8/km²
1991	4,334	+450/+11.59%	9,824	-	14,838	+801/+5.71%	34.69/km²
2001	-	-	12,089	+2265/+23.06%	-	-	-

History

Revolt of Naxos

In 502 BCE the inhabitants of Naxos rebelled against their masters in the Persian Empire; this revolt led to the larger Ionian Revolt, and then to the Persian War between Greece and Persia.

Greek and Byzantine Naxos

During the 8th and 7th centuries BCE, Naxos dominated commerce in the Cyclades.

The Dukes of Naxos

Further information: Duchy of the Archipelago

The Duchy of Naxos and states in the Morea, carved from the Byzantine Empire, as they were in 1265 (William R. Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 1911)

In the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, with a Latin Emperor under the influence of the Venetians established at Constantinople, the Venetian Marco Sanudo conquered the island and soon captured the rest of the islands of the Cyclades, establishing himself as Duke of Naxia, or Duke of the Archipelago. Twenty-one dukes in two dynasties ruled the Archipelago, until 1566; Venetian rule continued in scattered islands of the Aegean until 1714.

Ottoman Naxos (1564-1821)

The Ottoman administration remained essentially in the hands of the Venetians; the Porte's concern was satisfied by the returns of taxes. Very few Turks ever settled on Naxos, and Turkish influence on the island is slight. Turkish sovereignty lasted until 1821, when the islands revolted; Naxos finally became a member of the Greek state in 1832.

Other

Naxos has schools, lyceums (middle schools), gymnasia (secondary school), churches, a post office and squares (plateies).

Reference

• Kerenyi, Karl 1951. The Gods of the Greeks.

See also

• Communities of the Cyclades

External links

• WikiTravel page on Naxos
• Sites and Photos - Images of Naxos
• Naxos Island in 300 images
• Location, with links to aerial photos and maps: 37°5′00″N 25°28′00″E