Passiflora edulis

Passion fruit
Ripe yellow passion fruit, or "maracuyá"
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Passifloraceae
Genus:	Passiflora
Species:	P. edulis
Binomial name
Passiflora edulis Sims

For the German pop group, see Passion Fruit (band).

Passiflora edulis or passion fruit is cultivated commercially for its fruit in northwestern South America, India, the Caribbean, Brazil, southern Florida, Hawaii, Australia, East Africa, Israel and South Africa (where it is known as a grenadilla or granadilla). The passion fruit is round to oval, yellow or dark purple at maturity, with a soft to firm, juicy interior filled with numerous seeds. The fruit can be grown to eat or for its juice, which is often added to other fruit juices to enhance aroma.

The two types of passion fruit have greatly different exterior appearances. The bright yellow variety of passion fruit, which is also known as the Golden Passionfruit, can grow up to the size of a grapefruit, has a smooth, glossy, light and airy rind, and has been used as a rootstock for the purple passion fruit in Australia. The dark purple passion fruit (for example, in Kenya) is smaller than a lemon, with a dry, wrinkled rind at maturity.

The purple varieties of the fruit reportedly have traces of cyanogenic glycosides in the skin, and hence are mildly poisonous. However, the thick, hard skin is hardly edible, and if boiled (to make jam), the cyanide molecules are destroyed at high temperatures.

Names

• In Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay, it is called mburucuyá.
• In Brazil and Portugal the fruit is known as maracujá.
• In Colombia, it is known as maracuyá (yellow variety) or gulupa (purple variety).
• In Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Mexico, Honduras and Peru, it is called maracuyá.
• In the Dominican Republic the fruit is knowm as chinola
• In Hawaii the fruit is known as lilikoi.
• In Indonesia, it is called markisa.
• In Jamaica it is called sweet cup.
• In Nicaragua it is known as calala, a sweet-tasting juice is made when the fruit is cut in half and boiled in water.
• In Puerto Rico, the fruit is called parcha.
• In South Africa the purple variety is called a granadilla whereas the golden/yellow variety is called guavadilla.
• In Venezuela, it is called parchita.

The distinctive flower of the passion fruit plant is called Passion flower or Passionflower, and is noted for its unusual visual characteristics. The leaves and roots of the plant have medicinal uses and are also called Passion flower.

Early European explorers gave the plant its common name because the flower's complex structure and pattern reminded them of symbols associated with the passion of Christ. It was said that the flower contained the lashes received by Christ, the crown of thorns, the column, the five wounds and the three nails.

Uses

File:Passionfruitjuice2.jpg

A glass of passion fruit juice

• In Australia, it is available commercially fresh and canned. In addition to being added to fruit salads, passion fruit is a common topping for the pavlova (a meringue cake) and an occasional ingredient in the icing that tops the vanilla slice. It is also used to flavour soft drinks such as Passiona and cordials.

• In Puerto Rico, it is widely believed to lower blood pressure.

• In Brazil passion fruit mousse is a common dessert, and passion fruit seeds are routinely used to decorate the tops of certain cakes. Passion fruit juice is also very common.

• In the Dominican Republic it is commonly used as an ingredient in a fruit drink containing strained passionfruit juice, sugar and water. It is also eaten fresh and used to flavor things from hard candies to popsicles.

• In Indonesia it is eaten straight as a fruit. Nevertheless, it is common to strain the passionfruit for its juice and cook it with sugar to make some sort of thick syrup. It is then mixed with water and ice to be drunk.

• In Hawaii it is normally eaten raw. Lilikoi flavored syrup is a popular topping for shave ice. Ice cream and mochi are also flavored with lilikoi, as well as many other desserts. Lilikoi fruits are not widely available in stores, so most of the fruit eaten comes from backyard gardens or wild groves.

• Passion fruit juice or syrup is an essential ingredient of some cocktails, particularly the hurricane.

See also

• Giant granadilla
• Sweet granadilla
• Granadilla
• Grenadilla

External links

• Fruits of Warm Climates: Passionfruit
• California Rare Fruit Growers: Passion Fruit Fruit Facts
• Passiflora Society International
• Australian Passionfruit Varieties
• Phytochemicals in Passion Fruit
• Passiflora Online

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  Purple passion fruit, which in Colombia is called "gulupa", to distinguish it from the yellow maracuyá
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  Ripe purple passion fruit
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  Yellow passion fruits for sale
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  Passion fruits on sale
• Yellow and purple passion fruits, side by side
  Yellow and purple passion fruits, side by side
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  Passion fruit still on the vine