Thelma & Louise

Thelma & Louise
File:Thelma And Louise Poster.jpg Thelma & Louise film poster
Directed by	Ridley Scott
Written by	Callie Khouri
Produced by	Mimi Polk Gitlin Ridley Scott
Starring	Susan Sarandon Geena Davis Harvey Keitel Brad Pitt Michael Madsen Christopher McDonald
Cinematography	Adrian Biddle
Edited by	Thom Noble
Music by	Hans Zimmer
Distributed by	MGM
Release date	24 May 1991
Running time	129 min.
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	US$16,500,000 (estimated)
Box office	US$45,360,915 (US)

Thelma & Louise is a 1991 film, directed by Ridley Scott and written by Callie Khouri. The film is a road movie but breaks with tradition by featuring two female leads. The film's plot revolves around Thelma and Louise's escape from their troubled home lives, as they embark upon a lengthy road trip across America. It stars Geena Davis as Thelma, and Susan Sarandon as Louise, and co-stars Harvey Keitel as a sympathetic detective trying to trace them as they go on the run and become outlaws. Michael Madsen plays Louise's boyfriend and Christopher McDonald plays Thelma's controlling husband. Brad Pitt (in his first significant role in a major Hollywood film) plays a parolee robber who befriends Thelma on the road.

Thelma & Louise became an instant critical and commercial success, becoming one of the highest grossing films of 1991, and receiving six Academy Award nominations, winning one for Best Original Screenplay. Both Sarandon and Davis were nominated for their roles in the same category.

Plot

Thelma is a passive, goofy housewife, married to a controlling husband, Darryl. Louise is a single waitress who appears organized and strong, with some unnamed trauma in her past. The film follows the women as they head out in Louise's green 1966 Thunderbird convertible for a two-day vacation of fishing in the mountains that nosedives into a nightmarish situation before they even reach their destination, but which sees them change from victims of circumstance into outlaw heroines of the road.

At the Silver Bullet, a cowboy bar and dancehall, Thelma meets a man, Harlan, with whom she dances. She gets drunk and the man attempts to rape her in the parking lot. Louise finds them and threatens to shoot Harlan if he doesn't stop, using a gun Thelma brought with her. Harlan stops, but then defiantly tells Louise that they were "just having a little fun." Louise replies that when a girl is crying like that, she's not having any fun. Harlan replies that he "should have fucked her anyway." At that, Louise shoots and kills him. Thelma wants to go to the police right away, but Louise is worried that no one will believe their story because Thelma was drunk and had been dancing with Harlan, and therefore no one would believe he was trying to rape her. Afraid that the authorities will prosecute her, Louise decides to run away, and Thelma follows.

Louise is determined to reach Mexico but is unwilling to do so via Texas, despite the fact that they are in Oklahoma and the fastest route to Mexico leads through Texas. It is revealed that something bad happened to Louise in Texas years ago, though Louise refuses to say exactly what it was. They flee west, and on the way meet a handsome young man, J.D., whom Thelma immediately likes. She convinces Louise to let him hitch a ride with them. Louise, meanwhile, contacts her boyfriend, Jimmy, and asks him to send her her life savings via Western Union. But when she goes to pick it up, she discovers that Jimmy has come to see her in person. They go to talk in his room, while Thelma guards the money. Thelma invites J.D. into her room;it turns out that he is a robber who has broken his parole. He and Thelma become intimate, and Thelma experiences a sexual awakening. During their time together J.D. describes how he conducted his hold-ups. Meanwhile, Jimmy asks Louise to marry him, and she refuses, as well as refusing to tell him what is going on. They spend the night together, and then he leaves after breakfast the following morning. The next day, J.D. is gone and so is all of Louise's money. Louise is distraught, and a guilty Thelma decides to take the lead while Louise is frozen with fear. She uses what J.D. taught her to rob a store. All this time the FBI has been tracking them and getting closer and closer to their trail. Det. Hal Slocumb (Harvey Keitel) finds out what happened to Louise in Texas, and appears to be sympathetic to her predicament.

Their actions continue to spiral out of control as the two of them make their way across country, particularly with the ever more daring Thelma, who has shed her giggly, goofy personality for a determined, aggressive, hard-drinking one. When a policeman (Jason Beghe) stops them for speeding, Thelma threatens the policeman with her gun, steals his gun, and locks him in the trunk of his cruiser. Another character they encounter is a truck driver who repeatedly makes obscene sexual gestures to them on the road. They pull over to demand an apology from him, but he refuses and they shoot his tanker truck, which explodes. In the end, with the police on their tail, Thelma and Louise are cornered at the Grand Canyon. Rather than be captured, they make a final choice and decide that they would rather drive off the cliff into the canyon. The film ends with a freeze frame of the car in midair at the height of its arc, so that the audience never sees their fall. End credits begin over a montage of their happiest moments together during the weekend.

Filming

The primary filming locations for the movie are rural areas around Bakersfield, California and Moab, Utah. The Grand Canyon scenes were filmed just north of Dead Horse Point State Park.

Cast

• Susan Sarandon as Louise Elizabeth Sawyer
• Geena Davis as Thelma Yvonne Dickinson
• Harvey Keitel as Det. Hal Slocumb
• Michael Madsen as Jimmy Lennox
• Christopher McDonald as Darryl Dickinson
• Stephen Tobolowsky as Max
• Brad Pitt as J.D.
• Timothy Carhart as Harlan Puckett
• Jason Beghe as State Trooper
• Marco St. John as Truck Driver

Production

Meryl Streep and Goldie Hawn wanted to make a movie together and one of the scripts they considered was Thelma & Louise, instead they made Death Becomes Her (1992) together. Then struggling actor George Clooney had to audition a total of five times for the role of J.D. that then went to Brad Pitt. Cher was offered the role of Louise, but turned it down. Tina Turner was also offered a role but turned it down. The original Thelma and Louise were to be played by Michelle Pfeiffer and Jodie Foster, Ridley Scott was going to produce, and Callie Khouri (the screenwriter) would be directing. Khouri also had Holly Hunter and Francis McDormand in mind for the female leads. In the end, the pitching took so long that Pfeiffer and Foster were no longer available, and Scott had been persuaded to direct it himself.

During production, a total of five identical 1966 Thunderbird convertibles were used throughout the shoot: one 'star car', one camera car, one back-up car, and two stunt cars. Ridley Scott filmed a longer ending (found on the Special Edition DVD) in which we see the car plunge into the canyon, with a melancholy B.B. King song playing in the background. Instead he opted for a more upbeat ending with the car frozen in ascent and Hans Zimmer's score playing. Also, In the scene where the tanker truck is shot and blown up, the reactions of Susan Sarandon and Geena Davis were supposed to be genuine. Rather than filming separate reaction shots, director Ridley Scott rigged the tanker to blow up during the take, in order to get authentic expressions of surprise from the two leads. Despite this, they were so astonished while watching it that they forgot to actually react, so Scott had to film their reactions again.

Awards and honors

• Khouri won an Academy Award for a Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen; Scott, Davis, Sarandon, cinematographer Adrian Biddle, and film editor Thom Noble were nominated for Oscars. The film also resulted in Scott being nominated for a César Award for Best Foreign Film and a DGA Award.

• The British Film Institute published a book (ISBN 0-85170-809-9) about the film in 2000, as part of a Modern Classics series.

• On the Writers Guild of America Award's 101 Best Screenplays List it made #72.* [1]

• The film was ranked on the Australian programme 20 to 1, in the episode Magnificent Movie Moments.

References in popular culture

The film has had great success and is considered a classic. There are many references to it in popular culture.

• The Simpsons episode "Marge on the Lam" references the film and its famous ending.

• In Set It Off (1996), the character played by Jada Pinkett-Smith calls the characters played by Queen Latifah and Vivica A. Fox "Thelma and Louise."

• In the musical Rent, the character Angel mentions Thelma and Louise's suicide in his song "Today 4 U." This is an anacronism because Rent takes place before Thelma and Luise was released.

• Various songs reference the movie: "Today 4 U" from the musical Rent, "I'm Single" by Deirdre Flint, off album The Shuffleboard Queens, "Bang" by Eve 6 on the album Horrorscope, and "Post-Modern Sleaze" by Sneaker Pimps on the album Becoming X. Singer/songwriter Tori Amos wrote Me and a Gun, the story of her rape six years earlier, which she had told no one about, after watching this movie. Two Argentine composers wrote songs related to the film. Fito Paez was inspired by the film to compose a song called "Dos dias en la vida" (Two days in life), featured on the album "El amor despues del amor" and Kevin Johansen wrote a song in English dedicated to Susan Sarandon's character in his Logo Album named Susan Surrender.

• The ending of the film is parodied by Wayne and Garth in the movie Wayne's World 2, as one of the ways in which the movie could end, but they later decide to try a different ending.

• In the 1994 film The Professional with Jean Reno, Natalie Portman makes reference to the movie, saying that Thelma and Louise didn't work alone.

• In the video game The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess an important character's name is Telma and her cat's name is Louise.

• A season 8 episode of the television series Roseanne centers around Roseanne and her sister Jackie driving to an outlet mall one hour away. When they stop at a gas station Jackie hands Roseanne a pair of sunglasses saying, "Put these on, we'll look just like Thelma and Louise," followed by Jackie taking a picture of themselves in a way that mimics the movie. Later the two converse with a trucker who has many obscene signs on his truck and who says many obscene things to them. The two then manage to have his truck drive off the road into a ravine, although they did not mean to do so. The cops find them, but when they come closer to the women they see Roseanne breastfeeding and decide to leave them alone (after the two say they did not do it).

• In the episode of Family Guy, "Road to Rhode Island", Brian and Stewie sing “We’re on the Road to Rhode Island,” a parody of a song from the 1942 movie Road to Morocco. The episode itself is a parody of/homage to the “Road to” movies. In the song, there is a reference to Thelma and Louise.

• In the PV for "Driver's High", the band, L'Arc~en~Ciel, drove off a cliff at the end as they were being chased by the police.

• In an episode of "Seinfeld" (Season 9, Episode 11, The Dealership) as Kramer is driving with a car salesman to see how long they can drive without refueling, the salesman says, "Let's just go for it, like Thelma and Louise." To which Kramer responds, "They drove to a dealership?" "No, they drove off a cliff." And Kramer says, "You are one sick mama. I like it."

• The 1999 single "Friends Forever" by Thunderbugs (from the film Center Stage) features the lyrics "'cause we'll be/you'll see/we'll be/we'll be friends forever/we'll be/you'll see/we'll be/like Thelma and Louise"

• A parody of Thelma & Louise was featured in episode 13, season 3 of the stop-motion animation series Robot Chicken. The sketch, named 'Thelma & Louise: After the Fadeout' shows what happens to Thelma & Louise after the fadeout at the end of the film, humorously showing a crash where they become paralyzed and wild dogs attack them.

• In Scary Movie during the scene where Brenda is at the movies when everybody kills her, two people stab her saying "That's for Thelma!" "And Louise!" indicating that Brenda saw it at the theater and ruined it for everybody by spoiling the end.

Books

Thelma & Louise and Women in Hollywood by Gina Fournier (McFarland & Co., Inc. Publishers, 2007). Thelma & Louise Live! The Cultural Afterlife of an American Film, Bernie Cook, Ed. (The University of Texas Press, 2007).

External links

• Thelma & Louise at IMDb
• Thelma & Louise at Rotten Tomatoes
• Thelma & Louise at Box Office Mojo