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The game centers on the character of Raz (short for [[Razputin]]), a young boy with [[psychic]] abilities that runs away from a life in the [[circus]] to a join a [[summer camp]] for similarly talented children, but finds instead that the children are literally losing their minds. The player controls Raz as he explores the camp and enters the minds of nearby residents to learn what has happened to the children's brains, gaining new psychic abilities as they complete various tasks.
The game centers on the character of Raz (short for [[Razputin]]), a young boy with [[psychic]] abilities that runs away from a life in the [[circus]] to a join a [[summer camp]] for similarly talented children, but finds instead that the children are literally losing their minds. The player controls Raz as he explores the camp and enters the minds of nearby residents to learn what has happened to the children's brains, gaining new psychic abilities as they complete various tasks.


While the game suffered from poor sales and publisher Majesco suffered financial difficulties relating to Psychonauts and other titles in it's catalog, ''Psychonauts'' received strong praise and is considered one of the best platformers of the [[History of video game consoles (sixth generation)|sixth console generation]].
While the game suffered from poor sales and publisher Majesco suffered financial difficulties relating to Psychonauts and other titles in its catalog, ''Psychonauts'' received strong praise and is considered one of the best platformers of the [[History of video game consoles (sixth generation)|sixth console generation]].


==Synopsis==
==Synopsis==

Revision as of 00:09, 22 January 2008

This article is about the video game; for other uses, see Psychonaut (disambiguation).
Psychonauts
North American Windows cover.
Developer(s)Double Fine Productions
Budcat Creations (PS2)
Publisher(s)Majesco Entertainment
Designer(s)Tim Schafer (Creative director)
Scott Campbell (Art design)
Peter McConnell (Composer)
Platform(s)Xbox, Windows, PS2
ReleaseUnited States April 19 2005 (Xbox)
United States April 26 2005 (Windows)
United States June 21 2005 (PS2)
Europe February 10 2006 (All)
Template:Country data World October 11 2006 (Steam)(Windows)
December 4, 2007 (Xbox Originals)
Genre(s)Adventure / Platform
Mode(s)Single player

Psychonauts is a platform video game created by Tim Schafer (known for several LucasArts adventure games such as Grim Fandango and the first two Monkey Island games), developed by Double Fine Productions and published by Majesco. The game was first released on April 19, 2005 for the Microsoft Xbox, and has subsequently been ported to the Sony PlayStation 2 and Microsoft Windows; it has also been released on the Steam platform, as an "Xbox Original" through Xbox Live Marketplace, and as a free playable title on the Gametap basic subscription service.

The game centers on the character of Raz (short for Razputin), a young boy with psychic abilities that runs away from a life in the circus to a join a summer camp for similarly talented children, but finds instead that the children are literally losing their minds. The player controls Raz as he explores the camp and enters the minds of nearby residents to learn what has happened to the children's brains, gaining new psychic abilities as they complete various tasks.

While the game suffered from poor sales and publisher Majesco suffered financial difficulties relating to Psychonauts and other titles in its catalog, Psychonauts received strong praise and is considered one of the best platformers of the sixth console generation.

Synopsis

In Psychonauts, the player controls Raz (short for Razputin), a mysterious new arrival at a training camp for Psychonauts — elite special agents who use their psychic powers to combat psycho-terrorism and retrieve information from inside people's minds. After honing his own mental abilities, Raz discovers a nasty plot just where he thought he would be safe...

Setting

The story is set in Whispering Rock Psychic Summer Camp (a remote government training facility under the guise of a summer camp), where students are trained to become Psychonauts. The area was hit centuries ago by a meteor made of psitanium (an element that can grant psychic powers or strengthen existing powers), creating a huge crater. When settlers began inhabiting the region, the psychoactive properties of the meteor slowly drove them insane. An asylum was built to house the afflicted, but within fifteen years the asylum had more residents than the town did. The government relocated the remaining inhabitants and flooded the crater to prevent further settlement, creating what is now Lake Oblongata. The asylum still stands but has fallen into disrepair. The government took advantage of the psitanium deposit to set up a camp for training Psychonauts.

The local wildlife has been profoundly affected by the psitanium as well. Bears are able to attack from afar using telekinetic claws, and cougars are endowed with pyrokinesis. Also, the rats in the upper levels of the old asylum are kamikaze creatures, running at anyone that comes close and exploding in a cloud of Confusion. One pet turtle displays human-like intelligence due to his human-sized brain.

Storyline

During Coach Morceau Oleander's initiation speech to the incoming Psychonaut trainees, Razputin is discovered eavesdropping in a tree. Oleander and fellow agents Sasha Nein and Milla Vodello attempt to probe his mind to determine who he is and where he comes from, but "Raz" has amazingly strong mental defenses for an untrained youth.[1] This strength earns him grudging admiration from the camp staff, but regulations require that Raz leave the camp as soon as his family can arrive to claim him. Raz is allowed to stay with the other campers until then but is barred from training and classes.[2] The next morning, however, Oleander allows Raz to take part in Basic Braining, a boot camp-like introductory course which takes place in a mental landscape based on Coach Oleander's experiences in the military.

File:Psychonauts RazMoon.jpg
A Psychonauts screenshot featuring Raz.

Back in reality, Agent Nein expresses interest in Raz's mental talents, and discreetly encourages Raz to find his hidden laboratory, where he wishes to conduct experiments to explore Raz's abilities.[3] The Brain Tumbler, a large hair dryer-like machine, allows Raz to explore his own mind.[4] Inside he finds a shadowy creature that spits diving helmets, and is pulled out by Sasha before he can be hurt by it. Sasha decides to teach Raz how to use PSI blast so he can defend himself. To do this he enter's Sasha's mind, a well controlled and contained cube. However, with a few switches thrown, the sides unfold to reveal an overload of censors, creations of the mind charged with the job of censoring manias or foreign entities.[5] They are used for target practice. After Raz fights off the censors, as well as a giant "Mega-Censor", he enters his own mind again. There, he sees a vision of his fellow camper Dogen, confined in a twisted thorny tower, being examined by a demented doctor who claims the boy is insane. And even though he claims he is a dentist, he gladly offers to yank the "bad tooth" that is Dogen's brain.[6] Raz rushes to rescue him, but soon encounters another obstacle, and must learn levitation to get past it.

In the real world Raz encounters Dogen, whose brain is mysteriously missing.[7] No one believes him when he tries to tell them, however, claiming that Dogen, who was already eccentric before he was lobotomized, is just "like that". Raz enters Milla Vodello's mind and learns levitation. Raz goes back into his mind and reaches the inside of the tower, but not before Dogen's brain is stolen, is thrown down the garbage chute, and he sees that the next patient on the list is none other than fellow camper and only person that believes him about his visions, Lili Zanotto. Diving after Dogen's brain, he learns that Coach Oleander is trying to make psychic death tanks to take over the world using the psychic children's brains as a power source.

That night, a lungfish under Oleander's control kidnaps Lili, and Raz uses a bathysphere to enter the water and fight it. Afterwards he enters the Lungfish's mind, and frees it from Oleander's control. The grateful Lungfish takes Raz to the insane asylum, where Lili is being held. In the asylum there are also the brains of Raz's fellow campers, all of whom have been kidnapped by the Lungfish.

Once on the island, Raz must enter several minds in order to reach Loboto at the top of the asylum. The first is Boyd, the paranoid security guard. In his mind, Raz accidentally unlocks Boyd's arsonist alter-ego, The Milkman. The next is Gloria, a once-famous actress driven insane after her mother's suicide. After that he must enter the mind of Fred Bonaparte, the descendant of Napoleon Bonaparte, whose mind has been taken over by a genetic memory of his ancestor. Last is Edgar, an artist who has been obsessed with bullfights and consumed with rage ever since his high school girlfriend left him.

Raz ventures further into the asylum, and eventually finds Lili, as well as Sasha and Milla, who were also kidnapped by Oleander. An epic fight soon occurs between Oleander, and his former comrades, Sasha, Milla, and Ford Cruller, former head of the psychonauts and mentor to Raz. During the fight, Boyd burns the asylum down, and Oleander's brain is removed and enters his death tank. Raz fights the tank, but his brain is removed after the fight. He manages to get it into the tank, where it merges with Oleander's.

Razputin's upbringing in the circus joins with Oleander's nightmarish visions of his own father, a butcher, to form a "Meat Circus" where slabs of flesh are arranged in a big top populated by horrible, mutilated creatures. In this environment, Oleander has reverted to his childlike persona of "little Oly", whom Raz must protect as he wanders obliviously in pursuit of his pet rabbit. Eventually, Raz is confronted by enormous, vicious versions of his own father as well as Oleander's butcher father and must navigate a hellish obstacle course of circus-themed gymnastics equipment to avoid ever-rising water levels while defending himself from attacks from the duo. Raz manages to defeat the monstrous butcher, who falls into a huge meat grinder.

Unexpectedly, Razputin's real father appears; he explains that he is also a psychic and that Raz has misinterpreted his concern as dislike. He blasts the evil version of himself, knocking it into the same meat grinder. As Raz and his father prepare to untangle the two mental worlds, the sinister visions of the fathers reappear as a grotesquely joined version. Raz's father channels all of his mental energy into Raz, giving him the power to defeat this creature.

The next day, Raz is thanked for rescuing everyone, and for helping Oleander confront his demons. In recognition of his skills, Raz is allowed to become a Psychonaut. As he is leaving camp, news arrives that the Grand Head of the Psychonauts, Truman Zanotto, has been kidnapped. Raz and his fellow psychonauts fly off to rescue him.

Characters

Group photo of Whispering Rock camp alumni.
Main article: List of characters in Psychonauts.

Psychonauts features a large cast of characters, led by the game's protagonist, Razputin. These include camp Coach Oleander, Psychonaut agents Sasha Nein and Milla Vodello, Raz's mentor and idol Ford Cruller, Raz's love interest Lili Zanotto, and Bobby Zilch, the camp bully.

Gameplay

Psychonauts combines traditional console platformer elements with the kind of strong storytelling, humor and dialogue found in adventure games. The game features ten levels, each of which let the player enter a different person's mind. Each of these levels therefore has its own unique visual design and set of challenges, related to the demons, nightmares and secret memories of the mind that Raz is exploring. Three other levels are set within the real world, making a total of thirteen levels, interspersed with several boss fights which represent the main cause of a person's mental problems. As the player progresses through the game, Raz acquires new psychic powers, including telekinesis, levitation, invisibility, pyrokinesis, clairvoyance, PSI Shield, PSI Blast and confusion. These are directly involved in the puzzle-solving aspects of the game, which allow the player to tailor the solutions to his or her own playing strengths. Another interesting aspect of the game is that when different powers are used on different campers (who are invulnerable) the campers have different reaction (E.G. when using Clairvoyance on Oleander, you will see everything else normally, but Raz will look like a large brain, while Ford sees him in a Psychonaut's uniform)

PSI Powers

  • PSI Blast: Granted when Raz completes Sasha Nein's shooting gallery, earning the "Marksmanship" merit badge. This is a beam of psychic force that is shot from Raz's forehead. This power has limited ammunition, which may be replenished by gathering "balls of aggression" that resemble angry orange exclamation marks. A lock-on feature allows the player to target specific enemies or objects. As Raz increases in rank, he can fire more frequent blasts which become more powerful and can ricochet among chains of targets.
  • Pyrokinesis: This is the first power Ford Cruller awards to Raz after he gathers enough PSI markers and figments to "rank up" to level 10. Holding the assigned button will cause the temperature of a targeted hostile or object to rise until it bursts into flames. As higher ranks are achieved, the strength of the fire and its area of effect increases.
  • Telekinesis: Allows Raz to psychically pick up a creature or object and toss it along a projected path. Ford grants the telekinesis merit badge after Raz attains level 20. Some objects can be "thrown" at enemies to inflict significant damage. At higher ranks, the distance objects can be thrown increases.
  • Levitation: Milla Vodello gives Raz the Levitation merit badge after he maneuvers through her dance-party training course. Once this ability has been earned, the ball of psychic energy Raz normally uses to double jump can be used for other purposes. Raz can run on top of it and move much more quickly, bounce on it to jump higher, or dangle beneath it after a jump and glide. Unlike several other powers, this has no time or ammunition limit. The levitation abilities increase in power as Raz gains additional ranks; for instance, spikes appear on the ball when Raz runs on top of it, allowing him to cause significant damage to enemies by colliding with them.
  • Invisibility: This merit badge is earned at rank 30. Raz can hide his presence from others' minds with this ability, allowing him to avoid combat with enemies. Due to the intense concentration required, Raz can only remain invisible for a limited amount of time, after which he must allow time to elapse to "recharge". As higher ranks are attained, the period of invisibility increases (Milka Phage has a natural talent for this ability, and uses it to avoid contact with people).
  • PSI-Shield: After gaining this ability in "Lungfishopolis", Raz can create a bubble-like psychic force field that can not only protect him from some attacks, it can even reflect other attacks. As with invisibility, this power can also be active for limited amounts of time before recharging is necessary. With higher ranks, the shield can also damage enemies on contact.
  • Clairvoyance: This power, gained at the beginning of Boyd's "Milkman Conspiracy" mental world, allows Raz to see the world from someone else's viewpoint. Its primary practical use is within Boyd's mental world, and using clairvoyance in other locations is largely a source of comedy in seeing other characters' opinions of Raz (For example, Milla sees Raz as a baby, and Bobby Zilch sees Raz as a punching bag). Unlike many other abilities, this has no time limit, uses no ammunition, and never increases in power.
  • Confusion: This is the last ability Raz acquires, found within Edgar Teglee's "Black Velvetopia". It allows him to hurl a mental grenade that, upon detonation, causes all hostiles in the blast radius to lose interest in Raz and attack themselves or other hostiles. The supply of confusion grenades is finite and can be refilled by gathering yellow balls of energy that look like question marks.

The later rank-earned upgrades include gradual regeneration of mental health and unlimited energy for all powers.

Development

The back-story for Psychonauts was originally conceived during the development of Full Throttle, where Tim Schafer envisioned a sequence where the protagonist Ben Throttle goes under a peyote-induced psychedelic experience. While this was eventually ejected from the original game, Schafer kept the idea and eventually developed it into Psychonauts.[8]

Schafer's team was partly made up of several people he worked with on Grim Fandango at LucasArts. Amongst the art design crew was background artist Peter Chan and cartoonist Scott Campbell. Voice actor Richard Steven Horvitz, best known for his portrayal of Zim in the cult favorite animated series Invader Zim, provides the voice of Raz, the game's protagonist.

Originally, Psychonauts was to be published by Microsoft for release exclusively on their Xbox console, but in March 2004, Microsoft pulled out of this deal. It emerged in August 2004 that Double Fine had negotiated a new publishing deal with Majesco to release the game on Windows as well as the Xbox. Tim Schafer was quoted as saying "Together we are going to make what could conservatively be called the greatest game of all time ever, and I think that's awesome."[9] In October 2004, it was revealed that Psychonauts would be released on yet another platform, the PlayStation 2, ported by Budcat Creations. The final US release date for the game on Xbox and Windows was April 19 2005, with the PlayStation 2 port following on June 21, 2005. Psychonauts was re-released via Valve Corporation's Steam content delivery system on October 11 2006.[10] It is also available on Gametap.

Although initially unplayable on the Xbox 360, Tim Schafer spearheaded a successful e-mail campaign by fans which led to Psychonauts being added to the Xbox 360 backwards compatible list on December 12 2006,[11] and on December 4 2007, Microsoft finally acknowledged the importance of Psychonauts by making it one of the initial launch titles made available for direct download on the Xbox 360 through their Xbox Originals program.

Reception

Reviews

  • Metacritic score of 88
  • GameSpot: "The whole look of the game feels like the unholy love child of Tim Burton and a Pixar animation team, and it's just wonderful stuff...anyone looking for a fun and whimsical adventure with a brilliant presentation and a fantastic story will find just that in Psychonauts."[12]
  • IGN: "The first half of this game is easily one of the most enjoyable I've had in the past year. But as is the case with many humorous games, the laughs begin to fade in the home stretch and in the end Psychonauts started to wear on me."[13]
  • GameSpy: "It's one of the best platformers the system has seen, mostly thanks to its amazing visuals and downright hilarious dialogue."[14]
  • GameShark: "The best platform game ever to grace the Xbox."[15]
  • Electronic Gaming Monthly: "Anyone who doesn't fall for the unique characters, hilarious dialogue, and brilliantly conceived environments of Psychonauts has no soul. The James Brown of games, Psychonauts' personality overcomes its flaws."[16]
  • New York Times: "Insanity is what makes Psychonauts entertaining and unusual, so it is a shame you have to spend several hours in the mildly eccentric minds of instructors before getting to the cool part of the game."[17]
  • Sydney Morning Herald: "A wildly imaginative, frequently hilarious and hugely entertaining platforming romp through the subconscious."[18]
  • PC Gamer: "A refreshingly funny Escape From Twitch Mountain." (90/100)
  • Total Gamer: The greatest game of all time. (A+)

Awards

  • British Academy Video Games Awards 2006: Best Screenplay[19]
  • GameSpot Best and Worst of 2005: Best Voice Acting, Best Graphics (Artistic), Funniest Game, Best Game No One Played, Best Platformer. Nominated for Best Story and Best Original Music. Razputin was nominated for Best New Character.
  • IGN 2005 Awards: Best Platformer, Best Game No One Played
  • Razputin was placed #2 on the Game Informer "Top 10 Heroes of 2005" list.
  • EuroGamer: Overall Game of the Year 2005
  • PSM: Buy or Die award in issue #100, #5 on Top 10 Games of 2005 list, Best Characters
  • Electronic Gaming Monthly 2005 Awards: Best Game No One Played
  • 6th annual Game Developers Choice Awards: Best Writing, with Tim Schafer and Erik Wolpaw accepting
  • PC Powerplay: First full 10/10 score after the magazine's switch from the 100-point scoring system to its current 10-point scoring system
  • PC Gamer magazine 2005 Awards: Best Game You Didn't Play, Editor's Choice Award
  • E3 2002 Game Critics Awards: Best Original Game
  • GameShadow Innovation in Games Awards nominee (Best Game, Innovative Visual Effects, Best Narrative)
  • G4's X-Play deemed Psychonauts the Funniest game ever in their "Funniest @#%& Ever" episode and was voted #6 in the top ten games on the Xbox in the "Best of the Xbox" episode.
  • Games magazine: 2006 Electronic Game of the Year

Sales

Despite the game's critical success, its sales have been lackluster. Although the game was cited as the primary contributing factor to a strong quarter immediately following the game's release,[20] a month later Majesco revised their fiscal year projections from a net profit of $18 million to a net loss of $18 million,[21] and at the same time its CEO, Carl Yankowski, announced his immediate resignation.[22] By the end of the year the title had shipped fewer than 100,000 copies, and Majesco announced its plans to withdraw from the "big budget console game marketplace".[23] However, this figure predated the game's European release, its release on Steam, and its inclusion on the Xbox 360's backward-compatible list.

According to Schafer, as of June 14 2007 Psychonauts had sold 400,000 copies (not counting digital distribution, or the Double Fine company store). Also, Psychonauts is now officially 'out of print'.[24]

On June 14, 2007, Gametap added Psychonauts to its subscription service game library, and will be free until December 31st, 2008.[25]

On December 4, 2007, the game was amongst the first games to be added to the Xbox Live Marketplace for the Xbox Originals download service on the Xbox 360. The game costs 1200 Microsoft Points ($15). PAL gamers should be warned that the European marketplace download is not compatible with the VGA cable because the game runs in 50Hz.

Notes

  • Examining the tree stumps used as part of a system for traveling around the campsite gives a reference to a joke used in The Secret of Monkey Island, a game Tim Schafer also worked on. This line was also included in Grim Fandango. [26]
  • Erik Wolpaw, a member of the original Old Man Murray team, worked as a writer on Psychonauts contributing story and dialog. [27]
  • Originally, the main character was an ostrich suffering from mental imbalance and multiple personalities. Tim Schafer killed the idea because he strongly believes in games being "wish fulfillments," guessing that not many people fantasize about being an insane ostrich. [28]
  • Tim Schafer first conceived the idea for Psychonauts while working on Full Throttle, which originally was to have an interactive peyote trip sequence. The idea was deemed unsuitable for a family-friendly game, but it led to Schafer's desire to do a game featuring psychological trips or interactive dream sequences. [29]
  • While once suffering from writer's block, Tim Schafer came up with the idea to develop many of the supporting characters of Psychonauts by giving them fictional online identities on the Friendster social network service and posting messages in-character. [30]
  • The term psychonaut literally means a "sailor of the psyche".[31]

References

  1. ^ Double Fine Productions. Psychonauts (Xbox). Majesco. Level/area: Opening sequence. Milla Vodello: It's just a little boy! What's your name, darling? / Coach Oleander: I'll find out... (The Coach tries to pry into the boy's mind, but fails.) Can't... get... in! / Razputin: My name... / Coach Oleander: Starts with a "D"! / Razputin: ...is Razputin. But everybody calls me... Raz.
  2. ^ Double Fine Productions. Psychonauts (Xbox). Majesco. Level/area: Opening sequence. Milla Vodello: Now darling, you can stay here for a few days until your parents come for you, but we can't let you participate in any paranormal training without your parents' consent. I'm sorry.
  3. ^ Double Fine Productions. Psychonauts (Xbox). Majesco. Level/area: Whispering Rock. Sasha Nein: Your performance, young cadet, was outstanding. I'd like you to report to my lab for some advanced training.
  4. ^ Double Fine Productions. Psychonauts (Xbox). Majesco. Level/area: Brain Tumbler Experiment. Sasha Nein: With this device we will send you deep into your own psyche, where you should find unparalleled insight and power.
  5. ^ Double Fine Productions. Psychonauts (Xbox). Majesco. Level/area: Sasha's Shooting Gallery. Sasha Nein: This is a censor, an integral part of any sane person's mind. The censors roam through your psyche, looking for thoughts that don't belong: hallucinations, manias, waking dreams. The censors hunt them down and censor them out.
  6. ^ Double Fine Productions. Psychonauts (Xbox). Majesco. Level/area: Brain Tumbler Experiment. Doctor Loboto: Little boy, I am sorry to say that you have a very serious mental problem. The trouble originates in this area here. The area that we in the medical profession like to refer to as... the brain! You see, son... it's just no good! I hate to be so blunt, but... you have the insanity... of a manatee! / Dogen: I know. People are always saying that. What do you think's wrong with my brain, doctor? / Doctor Loboto: How should I know, I'm a dentist. But here's what I do know: if a tooth is bad, you pull it!
  7. ^ Double Fine Productions. Psychonauts (Xbox). Majesco. Level/area: Whispering Rock. Razputin: Dogen! Are you okay? I had the strangest machine-induced dream about you. / Dogen: T.V.? / Razputin: Well, first of all, Sasha Nein invited me down to his secret lab, and- / Dogen: T.V.? / Razputin: (looks through Dogen's head to find that his brain is missing) He's completely brainless! The dream was true!
  8. ^ Goldstein, Hilary (2005-02-03). "Tim Schafer: A Man and His Beard". Yahoo! Games. Retrieved 2007-12-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ "Majesco Acquires Publishing Rights To Double Fine's 'PSYCHONAUTS'". Majesco. 2004-08-04. Retrieved 2006-10-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  10. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (2006-09-14). "Majesco Steams up Psychonauts". gamespot.co.uk. Retrieved 2006-10-19. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  11. ^ Sinclair, Brendan (2006-09-14). "Dozens added to 360 backwards-compatibility list". gamespot.co.uk. Retrieved 2006-12-14. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  12. ^ Navarro, Alex (2005-04-19). "GameSpot Game Review for Psychonauts". GameSpot. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessANDdate= and |coauthors= (help)
  13. ^ Goldstein, Hilary (2005-04-22). "Psychonauts: Tim Schafer's ready to blow your mind". IGN. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessANDdate= and |coauthors= (help)
  14. ^ Tuttle, Will (2005-04-22). "GameSpy: Psychonauts Review". GameSpy. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessANDdate= and |coauthors= (help)
  15. ^ Hill, Will (2005-05-09). "Psychonauts Review". GameShark. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessANDdate= and |coauthors= (help)
  16. ^ "Psychonauts Review". Electronic Gaming Monthly. May 2005. p. 136. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  17. ^ Herold, Charles (2005-05-06). "Off the Couch, Deeper Into the Psyche". New York Times. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessANDdate= and |coauthors= (help)
  18. ^ Hill, Jason (2006-02-09). "Psychonauts". Sydney Morning Herald. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessANDdate= and |coauthors= (help)
  19. ^ "BAFTA Video Game Awards winners 2006". 2006-10-06. Retrieved 2006-10-06. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)
  20. ^ "MAJESCO REPORTS RECORD SECOND QUARTER 2005 FINANCIAL RESULTS". 2005-06-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessANDdate= and |coauthors= (help)
  21. ^ "MAJESCO ENTERTAINMENT REDUCES FISCAL 2005 FINANCIAL OUTLOOK". 2005-07-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessANDdate= and |coauthors= (help)
  22. ^ "MAJESCO ENTERTAINMENT COMPANY ANNOUNCES KEY MANAGEMENT CHANGES". 2005-07-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessANDdate= and |coauthors= (help)
  23. ^ "An experiment failed: Majesco learns a hard lesson about the video game industry". 2006-01-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |accessANDdate= and |coauthors= (help)
  24. ^ http://www.doublefine.com/news.htm#14june2007
  25. ^ http://www.joystiq.com/2007/06/14/gametap-expanding-free-play-to-40-titles-by-months-end/
  26. ^ http://v2.razputin.net/index.html@page=psychonauts%252Freferences%252Fstumpjoke.html
  27. ^ http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/?p=518#more-518
  28. ^ http://www.gamespy.com/articles/585/585524p3.html
  29. ^ http://pc.ign.com/articles/585/585122p1.html
  30. ^ http://www.gamespy.com/articles/585/585524p4.html
  31. ^ Liddell, H.G. and R. Scott (1843), A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford, s.v. ψυχή and ναύτης.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to Psychonauts.
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