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Revision as of 11:36, 13 March 2009
The following is a list of the casualty count in battles in world history. The list includes both sieges (not technically battles but usually yielding similar combat-related deaths) and civilian casualties during the battles. Large battle casualty counts are almost impossible to calculate precisely. Many of these figures are estimates, and, where possible, a range of estimates is presented. Figures display numbers of all types of casualties when available (killed, wounded, missing, and sick) but may only include number killed. Where possible, the list specifies whether or not prisoners are included in the count. This list does not include most bombing runs or missile strikes (such as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), which, despite potentially massive casualties, are not typically classified as "battles," since they are usually one-sided engagements. Tactical or strategic strikes, however, may form part of larger engagements which are themselves battles.
Classical formation battles
These refer to battles in which armies met on a single field of battle and fought each other for anywhere from one to several days. With more advanced weapons, military formations lost their impact and use of this type of battle died out in favor of grander military operations. Many of these battles are ancient, and in several cases, the few extant historical records differ, sometimes wildly, on casualties. Entries here use modern figures when available.
This list is sortable. Click the box next to a column heading to sort by that criterion.
Sieges and urban combat
This list includes sieges, as well as modern battles that were fought primarily in urban areas. Major military operations that included city fighting are listed below. Sieges and urban combat often include heavy civilian casualties, which are included in this list.
This list is sortable. Click the box next to a column heading to sort by that criterion.
Major operations
This list includes major operations and prolonged battles or operations fought over a large area or for a long time.
See also
Notes
- ^ Grant, p. 17
- ^ a b Herodotus (440 BC). Histories.
- ^ a b Grant, p. 23
- ^ a b Grant, p. 26
- ^ Grant, p. 28
- ^ a b Grant, p. 27
- ^ a b Grant, p. 37
- ^ Grant, p. 56
- ^ Grant, p. 54
- ^ a b Grant, p. 39
- ^ Grant, p. 40
- ^ Leonard Cottrell (1965). Enemy of Rome. Evans Bros. ISBN 0-237-44320-1.
- ^ a b Grant, p. 41
- ^ a b Grant, p. 31
- ^ Valerius Antias (1st century BC). Manubiae.
- ^ Albert A. Howard (1906). "Valerius Antias and Livy", Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 17, p. 161-182.
- ^ Canon Rawlinson (1877). "On the Ethnography of the Cimbri", The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 6, p. 150-158.
- ^ Grant, p. 43
- ^ Grant, p. 47
- ^ Grant, p. 49
- ^ Grant, p. 51
- ^ Book of Sui, Vol. 60.
- ^ a b Grant, p. 74
- ^ Халенбаков, О. Детска енциклопедия България: Златния век.
- ^ Grant, p. 89
- ^ Grant, p. 92
- ^ Grant, p. 118
- ^ Grant, p. 94
- ^ Grant, p. 95
- ^ Grant, p. 121
- ^ The Military Campaigns of the Wars of the Roses Philip A. Haigh (Chap. 8)
- ^ Grant, p. 144
- ^ Grant, p. 145
- ^ a b Grant, p. 129
- ^ Grant, p. 136
- ^ Grant, p. 132
- ^ Grant, p. 134
- ^ Grant, p. 175
- ^ a b Grant, p. 151
- ^ Grant, p. 152
- ^ a b Grant, p. 149
- ^ a b Grant, p. 159
- ^ a b Grant, p. 133
- ^ a b Grant, p. 160
- ^ Grant, p. 161
- ^ Grant, p. 186
- ^ Grant, p. 199
- ^ a b Grant, p. 201
- ^ Grant, p. 202
- ^ a b c Grant, p. 205
- ^ Castle, I. Aspern/Wagram (1809), Osprey (1990)
- ^ Grant, p. 208
- ^ a b Grant, p. 209
- ^ a b Grant, p. 212
- ^ a b Grant, p. 213
- ^ Grant, p. 214
- ^ Barbero, pp 419-420 Barbero, Alessandro (2005). The Battle: A New History of Waterloo. Atlantic Books. ISBN 1-84354-310-9
- ^ Grant, p. 215
- ^ Grant, p. 260
- ^ Grant, p. 226
- ^ a b c Grant, p. 227
- ^ Brewer, p. 36
- ^ Brewer, p. 38
- ^ Brewer, p. 46
- ^ Grant, p. 228
- ^ Brewer, p. 48
- ^ a b Grant, p. 258
- ^ Grant, p. 259
- ^ Grant, p. 240
- ^ Grant, p. 241
- ^ a b Grant, p. 270
- ^ >"Artaxerxes III Ochus ( 358 BC to 338 BC )". Retrieved 2 March 2008.
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- ^ Antiochus Strategos, The Capture of Jerusalem by the Persians in 614 AD, F. C. Conybeare, English Historical Review 25 (1910) pp. 502-517.
- ^ Paul Tobin http://www.geocities.com/paulntobin/crusades.html
- ^ Grant, p. 93
- ^ Ian Frazier, Annals of history: Invaders: Destroying Baghdad, The New Yorker 25 April 2005. p.4
- ^ Mann, p. 143
- ^ Hassig
- ^ Arnold Cassola, The 1565 Ottoman Malta Campaign Register, (Publishers Enterprise Group: Malta, 1998), p. 111.
- ^ Grant, p. 150
- ^ Firoozi, Edith, and Ira N. Klein. Universal History of the World: The Age of Great Kings. Vol. 9. New York: Golden Press, 1966. pp. 738-739.
- ^ a b Grant, p. 230
- ^ a b Grant, p. 231
- ^ Grant, p. 263
- ^ Grant, p. 252
- ^ Grant, p. 308
- ^ Wager, p. 528
- ^ Сведения городской комиссии по установлению и расследованию злодеяний немецко-фашистских захватчиков и их сообщников о числе погибшего в Ленинграде населения ЦГА СПб, Ф.8357. Оп.6. Д. 1108 Л. 46-47. (A report of city commission of investigation of German-Fascist occupants' crimes about a losses of Leningrad population. Central State Archive, Saint-Petersburg, F.8357. V.6, f. 1108, p.46-47), civilian losses only. Glantz, David (2001), The Siege of Leningrad 1941–44: 900 Days of Terror, Zenith Press, Osceola, WI, ISBN 0-7603-0941-8. p. 220. Soviet military only.
- ^ World War 2: Warsaw Uprising :: FAQ
- ^ a b Grant, p. 318
- ^ Glantz, p. 271
- ^ Krivosheev, pp. 219–220
- ^ a b Grant, p. 338
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Lancet
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ORB
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Brewer, p. 33
- ^ Brewer, p. 42
- ^ Brewer, p. 53
- ^ Grant, p. 253
- ^ Brewer, p. 99
- ^ Grant, p. 271
- ^ Brewer, p. 100
- ^ Grant, p. 272
- ^ Brewer, p. 110
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Brewer, p. 142
- ^ a b Grant, p. 273
- ^ Grant, p. 282
- ^ Grant, p. 276
- ^ Grant, p. 279
- ^ Grant, p. 277
- ^ Brewer, p. 150
- ^ Grant, p. 280
- ^ Brewer, p. 151
- ^ Brewer, p. 152
- ^ a b Grant, p. 281
- ^ a b Grant, p. 286
- ^ Grant, p. 292
- ^ Grant, p. 294
- ^ a b Grant, p. 295
- ^ Grant, p. 293
- ^ a b c Grant, p. 298
- ^ Wagner, p. 437
- ^ Grant, p. 299
- ^ Wagner, p. 462
- ^ Wagner, p. 474
- ^ Wagner, p. 479
- ^ a b Grant, p. 306
- ^ Wagner, p. 480
- ^ Grant, p. 323
- ^ Wagner, p. 502
- ^ Wagner, p. 499
- ^ a b Erickson, p. 90
- ^ a b Grant, p. 302
- ^ Grant, p. 326
- ^ Wagner, p. 531
- ^ Erickson, p. 138
- ^ Wagner, p. 522
- ^ Wagner, p. 547
- ^ Grant, p. 307
- ^ Wagner, p. 550
- ^ Wagner, p. 555
- ^ Wagner, p. 560
- ^ Grant, p. 303
- ^ Mart Laar (2006). Sinimäed 1944: II maailmasõja lahingud Kirde-Eestis (Sinimäed Hills 1944: Battles of World War II in Northeast Estonia) (in Estonian). Tallinn: Varrak.
- ^ Wagner, p. 567
- ^ Wagner, p. 580
- ^ a b Grant, p. 316
- ^ Wagner, p. 587
- ^ Brewer, p. 306
- ^ Wagner, p. 592
- ^ Wagner, p. 594
- ^ Wagner, p. 596
- ^ Wagner, p. 600
- ^ Wagner, p. 606
- ^ Grant, p. 317
- ^ Wagner, p. 608
- ^ Grant, p. 328
- ^ Wagner, p. 612
- ^ Grant, p. 329
- ^ Grant, p. 344
- ^ 辽沈战役
- ^ 粟裕與淮海戰役, p.5
- ^ 改寫平津歷史??平津戰役
- ^ Grant, p. 334
- ^ Grant, p. 335
- ^ a b Grant, p. 341
- ^ a b Grant, p. 345
- ^ Grant, p. 350
- ^ a b Grant, p. 351
- ^ Grant, p. 353
References
- Brewer, Paul (2007). The Chronicle of War: A Year-by-Year Account of Conflict from 1854 to the Present Day. London: Carlton Books. ISBN 1741813425.
- Erickson, John (2001). Hitler versus Stalin: The Second World War on the Eastern Front in Photographs. London: Carlton Books. ISBN 1842222600.
- Glantz, David M. (1998). When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0700608990.
- Grant, R. G. (2005). Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat. Dorling Kindersley. ISBN 0756613604.
- Hassig, Ross (1994). Mexico and the Spanish Conquest. New York: Longman.
- Krivosheev, G. F. (1997). Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century. Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-280-7.
- Mann, Charles (2005). 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. New York: Vintage Books.
- Wagner, Margaret; et al. (2007). The Library of Congress World War II Companion. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0743252195.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - 《雪白血红》 張正隆 解放軍出版社 1989年8月 ISBN 7-01-000381-5/ISBN 7-01-000413-7
- 辽沈战役
- 粟裕與淮海戰役
- 改寫平津歷史??平津戰役