Elizavetpol Governorate

Elisabethpol Governorate or Elizavetpol Governorate (Russian: Елизаветпольская губерния; in pre-1918 Russian spelling: Елисаветпольская губернiя) was one of the guberniyas of the Russian Empire, with its centre in Elisabethpol (official name for Ganja in 1805–1918). Its area was 44,136 sq. kilometres, and it had 878,415 inhabitants by 1897.

History

Elisabethpol Governorate was established in 1868 and included parts of Baku Governorate and Tiflis Governorate. This included lands of the former Ganja Khanate, Shaki Khanate, and Karabakh Khanate.

Starting in 1905, there were attempts by the region's ethnic Armenians to separate the highland areas (commonly known as Mountainous Karabagh) from the rest of Elisabethpol. In these areas, 70% of the population was Armenian. Although the plan was eventually endorsed by the Russian viceroy, it was never adopted.

On the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918, Elisabethpol Governorate was renamed Ganja Governorate. The area to the south of the Murov Range was made into Karabakh Governorate General. The governorate system was abolished in the early 1920s.

Today, the territory of the former Elisabethpol Governorate is in western Azerbaijan and adjacent areas of Armenia.

Administrative division

Elisabethpol Governorate originally had eight uyezds:

• Elisabethpol
• Aresh (capital: Uchkovakh)
• Nukha
• Kazakh
• Dzhevanshir (capital: Terter)
• Dzhebrail
• Zangezur (capital: Geryusy)
• Shusha

Demographics

The 1886 population estimate was 728,943, living in 3 cities (Elisabethpol, Nukha, and Shusha) and 1521 villages.

According to the 1897 census, the total population was 878,415. Azeris (called "Azerbaijani Tatars" at the time) at 534,086 (60.8%) and Armenians at 292,188 (33.3%) were the largest ethnic groups. Other ethnic groups included Lezgins (14,503 or 1.7%; reported at the time as Кюринцы and Гапутлинцы ), Russians (14,146 or 1.6%), Udis (7,040 or 0.8%), Germans (3,194 or 0.4%) and Kurds (3,042 or 0.3%).

According to 1886 statistics reported in Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, the Orthodox Christians constituted 0.21% of the Governorate's population, and various "sectarians" (сектанты) around 1% (i.e., some 7,300 people). This means that most of the ethnic Russians in the Governorate at the time (1.11% of the Governorate's 728,943 population in 1886) were members of various dissenter communities, such as Doukhobors and Molokans.

Ethnic groups in 1897

Uyezd	Azeris (Azerbaijani Tatars)	Armenians	Lezgins	Russians	Belarusians	Germans	Kurds	Tatars	Udins
TOTAL	60,8%	33,3%	1,7%	1,6%	...	...	...	...	...
Aresh	70,1%	20,5%	8,7%	...	...	...	...	...	...
Jebrayil	74,1%	23,7%	...	1,1%	...	...	...	...	...
Devanshir	71,6%	26,9%	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Elisabethpol	63,9%	26,4%	...	4,4%	1,7%	1,9%	...	...	...
Zangezur	51,6%	46,1%	...	...	...	...	1,3%	...	...
Kazakh	57,2%	38,9%	...	3,0%	...	...	...	...	...
Nukha	69,3%	15,7%	7,1%	...	...	...	...	1,5%	5,8%
Shusha	45,3%	53,3%	...	1,0%	...	...	...	...	...

Known governors

• Fokion Bulatov, 1868–1876
• Alexander Nakashidze, 1880–1897
• Ivan Kireyev, 1897–1900
• Nikolai Lutsau, 1900–1905
• Yegor Baranovsky, 1905 (acting)
• Alexander Kalachev, 1905–1907
• Samkalov, 1907–1908
• Georgi Kovalev, 1908–1916
• Mikhail Poyarkov, 1916–1917