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| distributor = [[20th Century Fox]]
| distributor = [[20th Century Fox]]
| released = December 16, 2009 (World premiere)<ref name="release-dates"/> <br />December 17, 2009 (Puerto Rico, Australia & New Zealand)<ref name="release-dates"/> <br />December 18, 2009 (USA)<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0499549/releaseinfo |title=Avatar (2009) - Release dates |accessdate=2009-10-09 |work=IMDB.com }}</ref>
| released = December 16, 2009 (World premiere)<ref name="release-dates"/> <br />December 17, 2009 (Puerto Rico, Australia & New Zealand)<ref name="release-dates"/> <br />December 18, 2009 (USA)<ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0499549/releaseinfo |title=Avatar (2009) - Release dates |accessdate=2009-10-09 |work=IMDB.com }}</ref>
| runtime = 161 minutes
| runtime = 156 minutes <ref>{{cite web|last=Ben |first=Alex |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3ied5661580e6e68a15a056eaf4d0a7798 |title='Avatar' running time set at 2.5 hours |publisher=Hollywoodreporter.com |date=2009-11-20 |accessdate=2009-12-06}}</ref>
| country = {{USA}}
| country = {{USA}}
| language = [[English language|English]]
| language = [[English language|English]]

Revision as of 22:26, 8 December 2009

Avatar
File:Avatar-Teaser-Poster.jpg
Teaser poster
Directed byJames Cameron
Written byJames Cameron
Produced byJames Cameron
Jon Landau
StarringSam Worthington
Zoë Saldaña
Sigourney Weaver
Michelle Rodriguez
Stephen Lang
Joel David Moore
Giovanni Ribisi
CCH Pounder
Dileep Rao
Matt Gerald
Laz Alonso
Peter Mensah
Wes Studi
CinematographyMauro Fiore
Edited byJohn Refoua
Stephen E. Rivkin
Music byJames Horner
Production
company
Distributed by20th Century Fox
Release dates
December 16, 2009 (World premiere)[1]
December 17, 2009 (Puerto Rico, Australia & New Zealand)[1]
December 18, 2009 (USA)[2]
Running time
161 minutes
Country United States
LanguageEnglish
BudgetUS$230[3][4]-500[5] million

Avatar, also known as James Cameron's Avatar, is a 3-D science fiction epic film written and directed by James Cameron, due to be released on December 16, 2009[1] by 20th Century Fox. The film is Lightstorm Entertainment's latest project, and focuses on an epic conflict on a far-away world called Pandora, where humans and the native species of Pandora, the Na'vi, engage in a war over the planet's resources and existence.[6]

The film will be released in 2D and 3D formats, along with an IMAX 3D release in selected theaters. The film is being touted as a breakthrough in terms of filmmaking technology, for its development of 3D viewing and stereoscopic filmmaking with cameras that were specially designed for the film's production.[7] The film has been rated PG-13 by the MPAA for intense epic battle sequences and warfare, sensuality, language and some smoking.[8]

Plot

In the distant future, Jake Sully, a paraplegic war veteran, is offered a second chance in the military. He's transported to a planet called Pandora, where the world's armed forces have been put in a fierce battle against the planet's native species (the na'vi) for years, struggling to mine a vital energy source for earth, which rests under the na'vi settlement.

Jake takes part in a new war strategy, which involves regular human DNA being mixed with DNA fragments of the natives to form an AVATAR, which is essentially a human disguised as one of the creatures themeselves. Jake is told to act as a spy within the na'vi camp, learning their culture, and more importantly, weaknesses.

Being able to walk again whilst in his avatar, and somewhat wanting to prove that "he can pass any test a man can pass", Jake is fully devoted to the mission and journeys into hostile na'vi territory. But, upon arrival, Jake witnesses the mass slaughter and continuous destruction of the na'vi race first-hand, perpetrated by none other than his own troops. Instead of being the aggressive, blood-thirsty aliens they were made out to be, the na'vi are largely the victims of the war, harbouring a peaceful society which is under attack and risking total destruction due to the war forced on them by humans.

Jake knows he can't just stand by and do nothing about the annihilation, so he enlists the help of na'vi princess Neytiri, and turns the tables by giving the na'vi vital human intelligence, and ultimately leading them in an epic battle to fight for their land against the invaders,

Cast

Humans

  • Sam Worthington as Jake Sully. Cameron cast the Australian actor after searching the world for promising young actors, preferring relative unknowns to keep the budget down. Worthington auditioned twice early in development,[9] and he has signed on for possible sequels.[10] Cameron felt that because Worthington had not done a major film, he was "game for anything", giving the character "a quality that is really real. He has that quality of being a guy you'd want to have a beer with, and he ultimately becomes a leader who transforms the world."[11]
  • Sigourney Weaver as Dr. Grace Augustine, a botanist who mentors Jake Sully.[12] Weaver dyed her hair red for the part.[13] Her character was named "Shipley" at one point.[14] The character reminded Weaver of Cameron , being "very driven and very idealistic".[15]
  • Michelle Rodriguez as Trudy Chacon, a retired Marine pilot. Cameron had wanted to work with Rodriguez since seeing her in Girlfight.[16]
  • Giovanni Ribisi as SecFor administrator Parker Selfridge, a passive-aggressive character.[17]
  • Joel David Moore as Norm Spellman, a biologist who studies plant and nature life (like Weaver's character)[citation needed].
  • Stephen Lang as SecFor's Colonel Miles Quaritch, the main antagonist. Lang had unsuccessfully auditioned for a role in Cameron's Aliens (1986); the director remembered Lang and cast him in Avatar.[16] Michael Biehn was considered for the role of Colonel Quaritch. He met with James Cameron three times and saw some of the 3D footage, but in the end it simply came down to the fact that Cameron didn't want people thinking it was Aliens all over again, as Sigourney Weaver had already been cast.[citation needed]
  • Dileep Rao as Dr. Max Patel. A Scientist that works in the AVATAR Program.[18]
  • Matt Gerald as SecFor's Corporal Lyle Wainfleet, the second-most prominent villain, after Quaritch.[19]

Na'vi

  • Zoe Saldaña as Neytiri, a princess of the Na'vi tribe central to the story, who is attracted to Jake because of his bravery.[20] The character, like all the Na'vi, will be entirely computer generated.[21] Saldaña has also signed on for potential sequels.[10]
  • CCH Pounder as Mo'at, the Na'vi queen.[22]
  • Laz Alonso as Tsu'Tey, one of Pandora's finest Na'vi warriors.
  • Wes Studi as Eytucan, The Na'vi king of the Omaticaya Clan, the husband of Mo'at and the father of Neytiri.
  • Peter Mensah as Akwey, a member of the Na'vi tribe.

Production

Development

In 1994, director James Cameron wrote a 114-page scriptment for Avatar.[9] Cameron said his inspiration was "every single science fiction book I read as a kid", and that he was particularly striving to update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter series. The premise of a paralyzed man whose mind is remotely controlling an alien body is very similar to Poul Anderson's 1957 short story Call me Joe - similar enough for there to have been calls by some for Anderson to receive some form of credit.[23] In August 1996, Cameron announced that after completing Titanic, he would film Avatar, which would make use of "synthetic", or computer-generated, actors.[24] The project would cost $100 million and involve at least six actors in leading roles "who appear to be real but do not exist in the physical world".[25] Special effects house Digital Domain, with whom Cameron has a partnership, joined the project, which was supposed to begin production in the summer of 1997 for a 1999 release.[26]

In June 2005, director Cameron was announced to be working on a project tentatively titled "Project 880", concurrently with another project, Battle Angel.[27] By December, Cameron said that he planned to film Battle Angel first for a summer 2007 release, and to film Project 880 for a 2009 release.[28] In February 2006, Cameron said he had switched goals for the two film projects – Project 880 was now scheduled for 2007 and Battle Angel for 2009. He indicated that the release of Project 880 would possibly be delayed until 2008.[29] Later that February, Cameron revealed that Project 880 was "a retooled version of Avatar", a film that he had tried to make years earlier,[30] citing the technological advances in the creation of the computer-generated characters Gollum, King Kong and Davy Jones.[9] Cameron had chosen Avatar over Battle Angel after completing a five-day camera test in the previous year.[31]

Cameron's early scriptment for Avatar had circulated on the Internet for years. When the project was re-announced, copies were subsequently removed from websites.[32] In June 2006, Cameron said that if Avatar was successful, he hoped to make two sequels to the film.[33]

Wikinews has related news:

From January to April 2006, Cameron worked on the script. Working with Paul Frommer, linguist and Director of the Center for Management Communication at USC, he developed a whole language and culture for the Na'vi, the indigenous race on Pandora.[9] In July, Cameron announced that he would film Avatar for a summer 2008 release and planned to begin principal photography with an established cast by February 2007.[34] The following August, the visual effects studio Weta Digital signed on to help Cameron produce Avatar.[35] Stan Winston, who had collaborated with Cameron in the past, joined Avatar to help with the film's designs.[36] In September 2006, Cameron was announced to be using his own Reality Camera System to film in 3-D. The system would use two high-definition cameras in a single camera body to create depth perception.[37]

Themes

At Comic Con 2009, Cameron told attendees that he wanted to make "something that has this spoonful of sugar of all the action and the adventure and all that, which thrills me anyway as a fan, but also wanting to do something that has a conscience, that maybe in the enjoying of it makes you think a little bit about the way you interact with nature and your fellow man."[38] He added that "the Na'vi represent something that is our higher selves, or our aspirational selves, what we would like to think we are," and "the humans in the film, even though there are some good ones salted in, represent what we know to be the parts of ourselves that are trashing our world and maybe condemning ourselves to a grim future."[38]

Filming and effects

It's this form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control over the elements.

James Cameron on virtual filmmaking[39]

File:Jake flying Great Leonoptyrex.jpg
Avatar was filmed with newly developed stereoscopic cameras that simulate human sight. In this scene, Jake Sully flies into battle to save his new adopted tribe.

In December 2006, Cameron explained that the delay in producing the film since the 1990s had been to wait until the technology necessary to create his project was advanced enough. The director planned to create photo-realistic computer-generated characters by using motion capture animation technology, on which he had been doing work for the past 14 months. Unlike previous performance capture systems, where the digital environment is added after the actors' motions have been captured, Cameron's new virtual camera allows him to observe directly on a monitor how the actors' virtual counterparts interact with the movie's digital world in real time and adjust and direct the scenes just as if shooting live action; "It’s like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly through space, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a living miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[40] Cameron planned to continue developing the special effects for Avatar, which he hoped would be released in summer 2009. He also gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson a chance to test the new technology.[41] Spielberg and George Lucas were also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.[42]

Other technological innovations include a performance-capture stage, called The Volume, which is six times larger than previously used and an improved method of capturing facial expressions. The tool is a small individually made skull cap with a tiny camera attached to it, located in front of the actors' face which collects information about their facial expressions and eyes, which is then transmitted to the computers. This way, Cameron intends to transfer about 95% of the actors' performances to their digital counterparts. Besides a real time virtual world, the team is also experimenting with a way of letting computer generated characters interact with real actors on a real, live-action set while shooting live action.[43]

In January 2007, Fox announced that the studio's Avatar would be filmed in 3D at 24 frames per second. Cameron described the film as a hybrid with a full live-action shoot in combination with computer-generated characters and live environments. "Ideally at the end of the day the audience has no idea which they’re looking at," Cameron said. The director indicated that he had already worked four months on nonprincipal scenes for the film. Principal photography began in April 2007,[44] and was done around parts of Los Angeles as well as New Zealand. The live action is shot with the proprietary Fusion digital 3-D camera system developed by Cameron and Vince Pace. According to Cameron, the film will be composed of 60% computer-generated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional miniatures.[45] The performance-capture photography would last 31 days at the Hughes Aircraft stage in Playa Vista, Los Angeles, California.[31][46] In October, Cameron was scheduled to shoot live-action in New Zealand[16] for another 31 days.[9]

To create the human mining colony on Pandora, production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and filmed every aspect of the rig, which will be replicated on-screen with photorealistic CGI.[47] More than a thousand people worked on the production.[46] James Cameron sent the cast of Avatar off to the jungle for bonding boot camp exercises before he started shooting the film.[48]

Soundtrack

Main article: Avatar: Music from the Motion Picture

Composer James Horner will score the film, his third collaboration with Cameron after Aliens and Titanic.[49] Horner recorded parts of the score with a small chorus singing in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[50] He is also working with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture for the alien race.[51] The first scoring sessions were planned to take place in the Spring of 2009.[52] Leona Lewis has been chosen to sing the theme song for the film, which will be called "I See You". An accompanying music video is also in production.[53]

Release

Avatar was originally set for release on May 22, 2009 during filming,[54] but the film was pushed back to December 16, 2009.[1] This was done to allow more post-production time, and to also give more time for theaters worldwide to install 3D projectors.[55] The film's aspect ratio will be 1.78:1 in 3D, but a CinemaScope (2.39:1) format will be extracted for 2D screenings.[56] Avatar will also be released in IMAX 3D.[57] The first photo of the film was released on 14 August 2009,[58] and Empire Magazine released exclusive images from the film in its October issue.[59]

Marketing

Cameron chose Ubisoft Montreal to create an Avatar game for the film in 2007. The filmmakers and game developers collaborated heavily, and Cameron decided to include some of Ubisoft's vehicle and creature designs into the film.[60] A Mattel toy line will debut in November 2009. Each figure, creature, or vehicle will come with a 3D tag which can be scanned by a webcam, a technology also known as augmented reality, allowing consumers to unlock content about the Avatar universe on their computers.[61]

Cameron, producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourney Weaver appeared at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on July 23. 25 minutes of footage was screened[62] in Dolby 3D.[63] Weaver and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promote the film, speaking on the 23rd[64] and 24th[65] respectively. James Cameron announced at the Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day the trailer for the film was released in all theatrical formats. The official game trailer and toy line of the film were also unveiled on this day.[66]

The 129-second trailer was released online on August 20, 2009 to mixed reviews.[67] The new 210-second trailer was premiered in theatres with Amelia, Astro Boy, Cirque du Freak: The Vampire's Assistant and Saw VI on October 23, 2009, and then premiered online on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to positive reviews.[68][69] On November 6, 2009 a third trailer was released in front of the Disney's A Christmas Carol, which is almost identical to the 210 second version but including new scenes from the film. An extended version in IMAX 3D received overwhelming positive reviews.[67] The Hollywood Reporter said that audience expectations were coloured by "the [same] establishment skepticism that preceded Titanic" and suggested the showing reflected the desire for original storytelling.[70][71] The teaser-trailer has reached the reputation of among the most viewed ones in the history of the filming marketing, reaching the 1st place of all trailers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[72] On October 30th, to celebrate the opening of the first 3D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowed Megastar Cinema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of press.

The three-and-a-half minute trailer of the film premiered live on November 1, 2009 to audiences in Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas on the Diamond Vision screen, the world's largest video display, and to TV audiences viewing Fox NFL Sunday. It is said to be largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.[73] Like the two trailers, the three-and-a-half minute trailer received mixed reviews.[74]

The film is also shown as playing at a cinema featured in a shot 37 minutes into Fox's "Lie To Me" in the episode "Lack of Candor" (Season 2, Episode 6). [75]

The film is largely promoted in an episode of Fox's "Bones" in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease" (Season 5, Episode 9). [76]

Merchandising

Books

Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora (Paperback), a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's fictional setting of the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on November 24, 2009. It is presented as a compilation of data collected by the humans about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathison. HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's Avatar: The Reusable Scrapbook for children.

The Art of Avatar: James Cameron's Epic Adventure was released on November 30, 2009 by Abrams Books. The book features detailed production artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustrations by Lisa Fitzpatrick, and film stills Producer John Landau wrote the foreword, Cameron wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the preface.

Months before the first 3 books came out, James Cameron had announced adapting his script into a full-length novel by himself.[citation needed]

Video games

A video game is to be released for most consoles ESRB rated T.[citation needed]

Action Figures

Several action figures are to soon be released and the Na'vi are glow-in-the-dark.They also include character specific i-tags that bring the figures to 3-d life.[citation needed]

References

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