Spanish Chileans: Difference between revisions
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Only a small proportion of Chileans are of other European origins. Look at the people and their surnames. This is about SPANISH Chileans. |
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{{Spanish people}} |
{{Spanish people}} |
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'''Spanish Chileans''' (in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Hispanochileno'') are [[Chilean people|Chileans]], of Spanish origin. Most Spaniards were [[Andalusians]], [[Castilians]] and [[Basque Chilean|Basques]] during the colonial period. The descendents of these Spaniards form the majority of the population. However, the early Spanish settlers mixed mainly with the Amerindians during the early colonial period and with the European immigrants that arrived after independence, who wanted to assimilate into the Chilean middle and upper classes. Thousands of Spanish refugees fleeing [[Spanish Civil War]] on 1939 also settled and have many descendants in the country. There are also [[Catalan people|Catalans]] and [[Galician people|Galicians]], most of these two came either through Argentina (which has a large Galician population) or came escaping the Spanish Civil War and Franco's Dictatorship. |
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'''Spanish Chileans''' (in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Hispanochileno'') are [[Chilean people|Chileans]], of Spanish origin, even though a large most have mixed with the other [[Europe|Europeans]] that have settled in the country after Independence up to the 20th century.<ref name="Diariovasco">[http://www.diariovasco.com/pg060724/prensa/noticias/AlDia/200607/24/DVA-ALD-003.html Diariovasco.]</ref><ref name="deia.com">[http://www.deia.com/es/impresa/2008/05/22/bizkaia/ekonomia/469496.php entrevista al Presidente de la Cámara vasca.]</ref> |
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<ref>[http://www.osasun.ejgv.euskadi.net/r52-20726/es/contenidos/noticia/albis12_257_txile_08_11/es_txile/albis12_257_txile_08_11.html vascos] '''Ainara Madariaga''': |
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Autora del estudio ''"Imaginarios vascos desde Chile La construcción de imaginarios vascos en Chile durante el siglo XX"''.</ref> |
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<ref>[http://www.euskonews.com/0072zbk/gaia7204es.html Basques au Chili.]</ref> |
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<ref>'''''Contacto Interlingüístico e intercultural en el mundo hispano.instituto valenciano de lenguas y culturas. Universitat de València Cita:''''' " Un 20% de la población chilena tiene su origen en el País Vasco"''.</ref> <ref>{{es}} [http://www.empresariosvascos.cl/boletines/2008-11-03-BOLETIN-EMPREBASK.pdf La población chilena con ascendencia vasca bordea entre el 15% y el 20% del total, por lo que es uno de los países con mayor presencia de emigrantes venidos de Euskadi.]</ref> <ref>[http://www.euzkoetxeachile.cl/libros/04-De%20los%20Vascos%20Onati%20y%20los%20Elorza-2.pdf El 27% de los chilenos son descendientes de emigrantes vascos.] '''DE LOS VASCOS, OÑATI Y LOS ELORZA''' ''Waldo Ayarza Elorza''.</ref> <ref>{{es}} [http://www.euskalkultura.com/noticias/jon-erdozia-nuevo-delegado-en-chile-iniciativas-vasco-chilenas-como-emprebask-son-exportables-a-otros-paises?language_sync=1 Presencia vasca en Chile.]</ref> |
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[[Spain|Spanish]] colonizers first came to Chile in the 16th century, and later waves of immigrants came in the following centuries from different parts of Spain. Large portion of Chileans have [[Europe|European descent]] (95,4%)<ref>[http://www.umng.edu.co/www/resources/idsocial.doc SOCIAL IDENTITY Marta Fierro Social Psychologist]</ref> <ref>[http://www.iidh.ed.cr/comunidades/diversidades/docs/div_docpublicaciones/Derecho%20Indigena/Cap.%202.%20Pensar%20a%20los%20indios,%20tarea%20de%20criollos.pdf Massive immigration of European: Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil]</ref> <ref>[http://revistas.ucm.es/fll/02104547/articulos/ALHI8383110228A.PDF Latinoamerica]</ref>, but only 52.7% to 64% of the Chilean population is considered [[White Latin American|White]].<ref name="Lizcano">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.cl/books?id=LcabJ98-t1wC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=chile+60%25+blancos+Esteva-Fabregat&source=bl&ots=AMUjY09aVi&sig=3PCwfKDokrZYem3dcZ2gkToFIoE&hl=es&ei=k8WjSYT3HJaitgfGncnOBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=9&ct=result#PPA110,M1|title=Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI}}</ref><ref>[http://ukpmc.ac.uk/articlerender.cgi?artid=1352132 Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile.]</ref> <ref>'''Esteva-Fabregat (1988), Book: El mestizaje en lberoamérica''' "''a white majority that would exceed 60% of the Chilean population''".</ref> Most Spaniards were [[Andalusians]], [[Castilians]] and [[Basque Chilean|Basques]] during the colonial period. Thousands of Spanish refugees fleeing [[Spanish Civil War]] on 1939 also settled and have many descendants in the country. There are also [[Catalan people|Catalans]] and [[Galician people|Galicians]], most of these two came either through Argentina (which has a large Galician population) or came escaping the Spanish Civil War and Franco's Dictatorship. |
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==Folk Culture== |
==Folk Culture== |
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The ranches called fundos, where the huasos lived and worked show strong similarity with Spanish vernacular architecture, especially in the canal roofs and the interior courtyards. The fundo is now thought of as ''traditional Chilean architecture'' and is associated with the huaso. |
The ranches called fundos, where the huasos lived and worked show strong similarity with Spanish vernacular architecture, especially in the canal roofs and the interior courtyards. The fundo is now thought of as ''traditional Chilean architecture'' and is associated with the huaso. |
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==Identity== |
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| ⚫ | Spanish Chileans |
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| ⚫ | Spanish Chileans descended from the early colonial settlers do not think themselves as Spanish as a [[German Chilean]] might think himself as German. During the independence period, Chileans, almost exclusively of Spanish descent at the time, born in Chile, i.e. criollos, thought themselves solely as Chilean, not as Spanish, as Spain was an enemy nation. Today, these descendants still think of themselves as solely Chilean along with the surnames and [[architecture]] dating from that period, even though the latter may be called 'colonial', they are not usually considered of as being Spanish as most present Chileans are not aware of the origins of traditional [[Culture|Chilean culture]].<ref>[http://www.cooperativa.cl/p4_noticias/site/artic/20070914/asocfile/ASOCFILE120070914160909.ppt Encuesta "Orgullo y Chilenidad"], Fundación Futuro (Sept. 2007).</ref> |
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The only Spanish Chileans who identity their [[ethnicity]] as Spanish are the refugees of the Spanish Civil War. Other Chileans, even though they may have Hispanic surnames do not identify with Spanish ethnicity but identify with the [[Europe|European]] identity of their non-Spanish ancestors or see themselves simply as Chileans with no ethnic affinity. Therefore one can say that Spanish Chileans are a small minority despite the distant ancestry of many other Chileans from the original [[Colonization|Spanish colonizers]] of the Conquest period. |
The only Spanish Chileans who identity their [[ethnicity]] as Spanish are the refugees of the Spanish Civil War. Other Chileans, even though they may have Hispanic surnames do not identify with Spanish ethnicity but identify with the [[Europe|European]] identity of their non-Spanish ancestors or see themselves simply as Chileans with no ethnic affinity. Therefore one can say that Spanish Chileans are a small minority despite the distant ancestry of many other Chileans from the original [[Colonization|Spanish colonizers]] of the Conquest period. |
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Revision as of 15:21, 23 January 2010
 .JPG)  .jpg)   Notable Spanish Chileans: Jose Luis Villanueva, Diana Bolocco, Marcela Vacarezza Etcheverry, Gonzalo Valenzuela Hölzel, Benjamín Vicuña Luco, Nicole | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| undefined | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| All over Chile | |
| Languages | |
| Chilean Spanish | |
| Religion | |
| Roman Catholicism, Evangelical, Protestantism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Chilean people, Spaniards, and other Latin American peoples |
| Part of a series on the |
| Spanish people |
|---|
_alternate_colours.svg) Rojigualda (historical Spanish flag) |
| Regional groups |
Other groups
|
| Significant Spanish diaspora |
 Category •  Spain portal |
Spanish Chileans (in Spanish: Hispanochileno) are Chileans, of Spanish origin. Most Spaniards were Andalusians, Castilians and Basques during the colonial period. The descendents of these Spaniards form the majority of the population. However, the early Spanish settlers mixed mainly with the Amerindians during the early colonial period and with the European immigrants that arrived after independence, who wanted to assimilate into the Chilean middle and upper classes. Thousands of Spanish refugees fleeing Spanish Civil War on 1939 also settled and have many descendants in the country. There are also Catalans and Galicians, most of these two came either through Argentina (which has a large Galician population) or came escaping the Spanish Civil War and Franco's Dictatorship.
Folk Culture
The folk culture of Chile has mostly Spanish origins, especially the huaso culture of the central part of the country, as it arose in the colonial period due to cattle ranching. The Andalusian forms in the huaso dress is apparent to Europeans and the music and dances show Spanish origins, even though both have been adapted and are distinct to dress, music and dance in Spain today.
The ranches called fundos, where the huasos lived and worked show strong similarity with Spanish vernacular architecture, especially in the canal roofs and the interior courtyards. The fundo is now thought of as traditional Chilean architecture and is associated with the huaso.
Identity
Spanish Chileans descended from the early colonial settlers do not think themselves as Spanish as a German Chilean might think himself as German. During the independence period, Chileans, almost exclusively of Spanish descent at the time, born in Chile, i.e. criollos, thought themselves solely as Chilean, not as Spanish, as Spain was an enemy nation. Today, these descendants still think of themselves as solely Chilean along with the surnames and architecture dating from that period, even though the latter may be called 'colonial', they are not usually considered of as being Spanish as most present Chileans are not aware of the origins of traditional Chilean culture.[1]
The only Spanish Chileans who identity their ethnicity as Spanish are the refugees of the Spanish Civil War. Other Chileans, even though they may have Hispanic surnames do not identify with Spanish ethnicity but identify with the European identity of their non-Spanish ancestors or see themselves simply as Chileans with no ethnic affinity. Therefore one can say that Spanish Chileans are a small minority despite the distant ancestry of many other Chileans from the original Spanish colonizers of the Conquest period.
References
- ^ Encuesta "Orgullo y Chilenidad", Fundación Futuro (Sept. 2007).