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[[Image:Ternopilgerb.jpg|right|200px]]
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'''Ternopil''' ({{lang-uk |Тернопіль, ''Ternopil’''}}; {{lang-pl |Tarnopol}}; {{lang-ru |''Ternopol''}}) is a city in western [[Ukraine]], located on the banks of the [[Siret River|Seret]] river. It is the capital of [[Ternopil Oblast]]. Ternopil is one of three main cities of Eastern [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]]. It is located at {{coor dm|49|33|N|25|35|E|region:UA_type:city(221,300)}}, with a 132[[kilometer|km]] distance to [[Lviv]]. The city has a population of 221,300 (as of 2004).
'''Ternopil''' ({{lang-uk |Тернопіль, ''Ternopil’''}}; {{lang-pl |Tarnopol}}; {{lang-ru |''Ternopol''}}) is a city in western [[Ukraine]], located on the banks of the [[Siret River|Seret]] river. It is the capital of [[Ternopil Oblast]]. Ternopil is one of three main cities of Eastern [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]]. It is located at {{coor dm|49|33|N|25|35|E|region:UA_type:city(221,300)}}, with a 132[[kilometer|km]] distance to [[Lviv]]. The city has a population of 221,300 (as of 2004).


== History ==
== History ==
[[Зображення:Ternopil zamok.jpeg|thumb|The Ternopil castle rebuilt in the 19th century as a palace]]
[[Image:Ternopil zamok.jpeg|thumb|The Ternopil castle rebuilt in the 19th century as a palace]]
The city was founded in [[1540]] by [[Jan Amor Tarnowski]] as a [[Poland|Polish]] military stronghold and a castle. In [[1544]] the Tarnopol castle was constructed and the repealed its firt [[Tatars|Tatar]] attacks. In [[1548]] Tarnopol was granted [[magdeburg rights|city rights]] by king [[Sigismund I of Poland]]. In [[1567]] the city passed to the [[Ostrogski]] family. In [[1575]] it was plundered by Tatars. In [[1623]] the city passed to the [[Zamoyski]] family.
The city was founded in [[1540]] by [[Jan Amor Tarnowski]] as a [[Poland|Polish]] military stronghold and a castle. In [[1544]] the Tarnopol castle was constructed and the repealed its firt [[Tatars|Tatar]] attacks. In [[1548]] Tarnopol was granted [[magdeburg rights|city rights]] by king [[Sigismund I of Poland]]. In [[1567]] the city passed to the [[Ostrogski]] family. In [[1575]] it was plundered by Tatars. In [[1623]] the city passed to the [[Zamoyski]] family.


[[Зображення:Ternopil dominikanskyj kostol.jpeg|thumb|The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of The Blessed Virgin Mary (former Dominican Church)]]
[[Image:Ternopil dominikanskyj kostol.jpeg|thumb|The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of The Blessed Virgin Mary (former Dominican Church)]]
In the [[17th century]] the town was almost annihilated in the [[Chmielnicki Uprising]] which drove out or killed most of its Jewish residents. Tarnopol was almost completely by [[Turks]] and Tatars in [[1675]] and rebuilt by [[Aleksander Koniecpolski]] but did not recover to its previous glory until it passed to [[Marie Casimire]], the wife king [[Jan III Sobieski]] in [[1690]]. The city later sacked for the laat time by Tatars in [[1694]], and twice by [[Russians]] in the course of the [[Great Northern War]] in [[1710]] and the [[War of the Polish Succession]] in [[1733]]. In [[1747]] [[Józef Potocki]] invited the [[Dominicanes]] and founded the beautiful late [[baroque]] Dominican Church (today the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of The Blessed Virgin Mary of the Ternopil-Zobriv eparchy of the [[Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church]]). The city was thrice looted during the [[confederation of Bar]] ([[1768]]—[[1772]]), by the confederates themeselves, by the kings army and by Russians. In [[1770]] it was further devastated by an outbreak of [[smallpox]].
In the [[17th century]] the town was almost annihilated in the [[Chmielnicki Uprising]] which drove out or killed most of its Jewish residents. Tarnopol was almost completely by [[Turks]] and Tatars in [[1675]] and rebuilt by [[Aleksander Koniecpolski]] but did not recover to its previous glory until it passed to [[Marie Casimire]], the wife king [[Jan III Sobieski]] in [[1690]]. The city later sacked for the laat time by Tatars in [[1694]], and twice by [[Russians]] in the course of the [[Great Northern War]] in [[1710]] and the [[War of the Polish Succession]] in [[1733]]. In [[1747]] [[Józef Potocki]] invited the [[Dominicanes]] and founded the beautiful late [[baroque]] Dominican Church (today the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of The Blessed Virgin Mary of the Ternopil-Zobriv eparchy of the [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]]). The city was thrice looted during the [[confederation of Bar]] ([[1768]]—[[1772]]), by the confederates themeselves, by the kings army and by Russians. In [[1770]] it was further devastated by an outbreak of [[smallpox]].


In [[1772]] the city came under [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] rule after the [[First Partition of Poland]]. At the beginning of the [[19th century]] the local population put great hopes into [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], in [[1809]] the city became part of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]] but in [[1811]] the region came under Russian rule, which created to ''Ternopol krai'' there. In [[1815]] the city (then with 11 000 residents) returned under Austrian rule in accordance with the [[Congress of Vienna]]. In [[1820]] [[Jesuits]] expelled from [[Połock]] by Russians established a [[gymnasion]] in the town. In [[1870]] a rail line connected Tarnopol with [[Lwów]], accelerating the cities growth. At that time the Tarnopol had a population of about 25 0000.
In [[1772]] the city came under [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] rule after the [[First Partition of Poland]]. At the beginning of the [[19th century]] the local population put great hopes into [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], in [[1809]] the city became part of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]] but in [[1811]] the region came under Russian rule, which created to ''Ternopol krai'' there. In [[1815]] the city (then with 11 000 residents) returned under Austrian rule in accordance with the [[Congress of Vienna]]. In [[1820]] [[Jesuits]] expelled from [[Połock]] by Russians established a [[gymnasion]] in the town. In [[1870]] a rail line connected Tarnopol with [[Lwów]], accelerating the cities growth. At that time the Tarnopol had a population of about 25 0000.
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==External links==
==External links==
{{lang|uk}} [http://www.city-adm.ternopil.ua/ Тернопільська міська рада]
*{{lang|uk}} [http://www.city-adm.ternopil.ua/ Тернопільська міська рада]
{{lang|uk}} [http://www.fm.te.ua/ Тернопільский Портал]
*{{lang|uk}} [http://www.fm.te.ua/ Тернопільский Портал]


{{Ukraine}}
{{Ukraine}}

Revision as of 00:37, 12 February 2006

Ternopil ([Тернопіль, Ternopil’] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help); Polish: Tarnopol; [Ternopol] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret river. It is the capital of Ternopil Oblast. Ternopil is one of three main cities of Eastern Galicia. It is located at 49°33′N 25°35′E / 49.550°N 25.583°E / 49.550; 25.583, with a 132km distance to Lviv. The city has a population of 221,300 (as of 2004).

History

The Ternopil castle rebuilt in the 19th century as a palace

The city was founded in 1540 by Jan Amor Tarnowski as a Polish military stronghold and a castle. In 1544 the Tarnopol castle was constructed and the repealed its firt Tatar attacks. In 1548 Tarnopol was granted city rights by king Sigismund I of Poland. In 1567 the city passed to the Ostrogski family. In 1575 it was plundered by Tatars. In 1623 the city passed to the Zamoyski family.

The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of The Blessed Virgin Mary (former Dominican Church)

In the 17th century the town was almost annihilated in the Chmielnicki Uprising which drove out or killed most of its Jewish residents. Tarnopol was almost completely by Turks and Tatars in 1675 and rebuilt by Aleksander Koniecpolski but did not recover to its previous glory until it passed to Marie Casimire, the wife king Jan III Sobieski in 1690. The city later sacked for the laat time by Tatars in 1694, and twice by Russians in the course of the Great Northern War in 1710 and the War of the Polish Succession in 1733. In 1747 Józef Potocki invited the Dominicanes and founded the beautiful late baroque Dominican Church (today the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of The Blessed Virgin Mary of the Ternopil-Zobriv eparchy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church). The city was thrice looted during the confederation of Bar (1768—1772), by the confederates themeselves, by the kings army and by Russians. In 1770 it was further devastated by an outbreak of smallpox.

In 1772 the city came under Austrian rule after the First Partition of Poland. At the beginning of the 19th century the local population put great hopes into Napoleon Bonaparte, in 1809 the city became part of the Duchy of Warsaw but in 1811 the region came under Russian rule, which created to Ternopol krai there. In 1815 the city (then with 11 000 residents) returned under Austrian rule in accordance with the Congress of Vienna. In 1820 Jesuits expelled from Połock by Russians established a gymnasion in the town. In 1870 a rail line connected Tarnopol with Lwów, accelerating the cities growth. At that time the Tarnopol had a population of about 25 0000.

During the world war I the city passed from German and Austrian forces to Russians several times. In 1917 it was burnt down by fleeing Russian forces. After the of the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire the city was proclaimed part of the Western Ukrainian National Republic on the 11 November 1918. During the Polish-Ukrainian War it was the countries capital from 22 November to 30 December after Lviv was taken by Polish forces. After the act of union between Western-Ukrainian National Republic and the Ukrainian National Republic Ternopil formally passed under its control. On the 15 July 1919 the city was taken by Polish forces. In 1920 Ukraine recognized Tarnopol as part of Poland. During July and August 1920 Ternopil was occupied by Russians in course of the Polish-Bolshevik War and served as the capital of the puppet Galician Soviet Socialist Republic.

Since 1921 it has been the capital of the Tarnopol voivodship. In 1939 it was a city of 40 000, 50% of the population was Polish, 10% Ukrainian and most of the remaining part was Jewish.

During the Polish Defence War of 1939 it was seized by the Soviets and attached to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Soviets began mass deportations of the Polish part of the population to Kazakhstan. In 1941 the city was captured by the Germans who continued exterminating the population by murdering the Jews and sending others to forced labor in Germany. In 1944 it was retaken by the Soviets, the remaining Polish population has been expelled.

Since 1991 Ternopil is a part of independent Ukraine and along with over cities of Galicia is an important center of Ukrainian national revival.

Template:Ukraine

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