Talk:VIC-20

Onboard Memory

This article states that the VIC 20 came with 5 KB RAM as standard. However I do believe that it only came with 3.5KB of RAM. Bear in mind that this is based on the UK/PAL version. Also perhaps some of the RAM is taken up by BASIC much like it does on the C64.

Re: Memory Basic free memory is 3.5K on a stock machine (3583 bytes). However, the overall RAM in the machine is 5K plus 1K x 4bits colour RAM for the VIC chip. The operating system uses 1K and screen character memory takes up the remaining 0.5K. 209.5.225.86 19:20, 17 April 2006 (UTC)

I believe that the Vic-20 came with a total of 20K of RAM, but only 5K was available for programming in BASIC. Kaydell (talk) 00:53, 20 October 2008 (UTC)

The standard Vic-20 came with 5K RAM installed as follows:

 1K     0-1023  System RAM (1K used)
 3K  1024-4095  empty - 3K RAM expansion area
 4K  4096-7679  BASIC program user area (3583 bytes free)
     7680-8191  Screen text memory (~0.5K used)
24K  8192-32767 empty - 24K RAM expansion area 

VIC RAM expansion is complicated. There were four RAM expansion banks: 1 bank for adding 3K RAM in between the installed RAM, and 3 banks for addng 8K RAM each at addresses 8192, 16384 and 24576. With 24KRAM expansion added at 8192, usable BASIC memory was over 27K RAM with the screen address moved to address 4096 and the start of BASIC user memory moved to address 4609. A fully loaded VIC 20 has 32K RAM locations; however, the video chip is hard wired to the 4096-8191 bank of RAM and screen memory must be there. The system start up checks for the largest contiguous RAM and places the screen memory at either 7680 for the 3K RAM expansion or at 4096K for 8K or more RAM added at address 8192. Different memory test locations can be poked into start of RAM (641 byte addr, 642 page addr) and top of RAM (643 byte, 644 page) with a sys64818 call to reset the system to believe it has a more limited RAM allocation. ROM and system memory is as follows:

 4K 32768-36863 ROM Character Sets
 1K 36864-37887 Chip Registers 
 1K 37888-38911 Screen color memory (weird 4 bit RAM memory locations, 2 banks of 512 nybbles @ 37888 and 38400) 
 2K 38912-40959 unused, reserved for IEEE interface
 8K 40960-49151 ROM Expansion (program or game cartridges)
 8K 49152-57343 ROM CBM BASIC (Microsoft ver 2)
 8K 57344-65535 ROM System Kernal

A bare-bones VIC 20 thus had 5K RAM, 4K ROM character sets, 1K color memory, 8K ROM Basic and 8K ROM System Kernal, with expansion for upto 27K RAM and 8K ROM, with some memory locations mapped to address chip registers.

I had a VIC 20 with the Superexpander cartridge (3K RAM expansion and 8K ROM BASIC extension) piggy-backed on a 24K RAM expansion. In BASIC mode, screen memory was address 4096, start of user BASIC was 4609; after invoking BASIC graphic mode, start of user BASIC mode was moved to address 8193, with the whole 4096-8191 RAM block dedicated to the video chip. Naaman Brown (talk) 16:54, 24 September 2009 (UTC)

Graphics modes

The article talks about hi-res graphics being available at 160*160. I don't recall there being a limitation on the grid size other than the 176*184 - anyone know differently? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 193.61.96.249 (talk) 15:45, August 21, 2007 (UTC)

There is no such restriction to 160x160, either theoretical or practical.

For character-based display, any size up to aproximately 28 x 36 characters is displayable on PAL displays (for NTSC displays this becomes approx 25 x 30). To bitmap a screen however (ie taking control of each individual bit) then the display must fit within 4k, as the VIC-I chip can only address internal memory. The 4K must also contain the screen memory, unless the user wants to place the screen in the first 1K of memory (eg in zero-page) Displays of 192x160, 160x192, even 184x176 (not 176 x 184 though due to the use of 16-byte high characters to represent the bitmap) are therefore possible.

160*160 was used by Commodore's 'Superexpander' cartridge to represent 'high-resolution' screens, perhaps this is where this piece of information came from.

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Commodore VIC-20 A/V

I just fixed my old VIC-20, and I have no idea how to use the A/V cable. I'm not A/V-literate, so I'm having trouble. The color code is red, but that means audio nowadays, so I know something's changed. Anyone have any idea? Thanks. --70.119.19.133 22:47, 12 February 2006 (UTC)

Re: Video cable I have one here. Typically yellow=luma, red=chroma, white=audio. You can safely try all the outputs on cable to the video input of the TV until you get a picture. If none of them generate a picture, you either have a dead VIC or bad cable. Go over to Denial forums for more help (see the links). 209.5.225.86 16:00, 5 April 2006 (UTC)

As far as I remember, the Vic20 output adapter provides RF output and not 'AV' output (as people today may know of AV output as a 'yellow' RCA video connector). The red colour of the connector probably has little relevance to today's connections?. You will need a slightly less than commmon TV aerial (RF) cable which has an RCA connection at one end to a common RF connector at the other end. Place into the input of your TV, and then you'll need to tune in the TV channel that allows reception of the Vic20 signal. I think this was the 0 or 1 channel on TV's of the day, but of course, now-days everything is different and it's probably simpler to just "auto-search" until the start page appears? Mmmaaarrrkkk (talk) 14:14, 15 September 2008 (UTC)

• • • Please use the 'Discussion' section to 'dicuss the article', not your personal technical problems. There are forums to do that.

Comments

Moved here this comment from the main page:

(and, frankly, not so unlike the TRS-80 Model I – a possible inspiration?)

At18 19:48, 6 Sep 2003 (UTC)

Name

Did the 20 in the name have any significance? boffy_b 13:11, 24 August 2006 (UTC)

No, other than it sounded nice to the marketers at Commodore at the time. 209.5.225.86 18:18, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

• Yes. Sorta of. The number was to be VIC-22, based on the screen width, but it was rounded down to 20 to sound friendlier. This was the published story of the day in whatever magazines I had - maybe Compute's Gazette (or Family Computing). --199.3.104.138 15:06, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Michael Tomczyk is reported as saying: "VIC sounded like a truck driver, so I insisted on attaching a number. I picked ‘20’ and when Jack Tramiel asked, ‘Why 20?’ I replied, ‘because it's a friendly number and this has to be a friendly computer.' He agreed." Source: http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=252 —Preceding unsigned comment added by JustSomeGuyToo (talk • contribs) 06:18, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

I recall reading in the Programmers reference guide way back in 1982-83 that the "20" referred to the 20K of ROM that the orginal VIC-20 came with. This was later continued with the Commodore 64 (or C64 as is was abbreviated to) but this time the "64" referred to the amount of RAM. (I have just checked for this guide at and found that the VIC-20 ROM was located within the 64KB address space of the 16bit address register as follows: addr (hex)

8000-8FFF 4K Character ROM;

C000-DFFF 8K BASIC ROM;

E000-FFFF 8K Kernal ROM;

Reference: http://www.geocities.com/rmelick/prg.txt, figure 3-5, page 115.) 59.101.2.201 20:52, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

I've taken the liberty of correcting the above: C000-DFFF, not C000-BFFF as the original writer said. -- 85.183.213.23 21:12, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

Why are we using a hyphen in "VIC-20"? The VIC 20 computer case label, the box packaging, the brochure, the print and TV ads, they all were "VIC 20", not "VIC-20". The case badge for the VIC-1001 (Japanese VIC 20), as well as competitors like the TRS-80 and TI-99/4A, all had a hyphen, and so did the internal docs of the VIC-II chip. But this should not influence the correct entry of the VIC 20, should it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Hi-Toro (talk • contribs) 16:34, 28 January 2009 (UTC)

Picture

Is is picture of the VIC-20 actually a VIC-20? Although some later VIC's had grey function keys, the case appears to be a C64 tone. Should we update this perhaps?

File:VC20 mit Zubehör.jpg

Since this is an Image taken from eBay, a new one is badly needed. The resolution is low, the logo is disturbing and the uploader might not be the photographer. --UbeMarsh 07:26, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

It's a VIC20 with a Commodore 64 keyboard. I agree a 'real' VIC20 would be better. 203.14.156.193 (talk) 05:04, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

I removed the low-quality eBay picture with a hi-res version I took. Looks much better. This is long overdue. cbmeeks —Preceding unsigned comment added by Cbmeeks (talk • contribs) 00:07, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

I'm fairly certain some late VICs were manufactured in C-64 cases

Not really possible, since the VIC-20 has a different rear port configuration. However, I have seen late generation VIC's with white cases and 64 grey keyboards. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.5.225.86 (talk) 17:46, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

VC-20 was the name used in Germany, because "VIC" is vaguely obscene there. WHPratt (talk) 14:58, 26 February 2009 (UTC)WHPratt

The current picture is definitely a Commodore 64. There are numerous VIC-20 pics available online. Why hasn't this been changed? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mortarmopp (talk • contribs) 15:40, 18 February 2010 (UTC)

Binary prefixes

Recently changes have been made to this article to use binary prefixes (KiB, MiB, kibibyte, mebibyte etc). The majority of reliable sources for this article do not use binary prefixes. If you have any thoughts/opinions then this specific topic is being discussed on the following talk page Manual of Style (dates and numbers) in the sections to do with "binary prefixes". Fnagaton 10:26, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

Why 5K of RAM?

I understand why the 3K "hole" in the memory map exists, given that there are 5K of RAM: you need to have the zero page ($00xx) and the stack page ($01xx) on any 6502 system, and having the built-in memory end at $1FFF makes expansion easier than it would be if the RAM ended at $13FF. But why was 5K memory size chosen in the first place? It would seem that 4K or 8K are the more logical choices. -- 85.183.213.23 21:16, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

it probably had more to do with cost considerations than anything technical. (i.e. including 6k of ram would have bumped the computer's price up substantially) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.125.110.223 (talk) 21:14, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

They used 1024x4b static ram chips. Thus every extra kilobyte would add 2 such chips to the board. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.238.96.4 (talk) 14:54, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

Mention of Amiga Computer

The Amiga was NOT a 16 bit computer, but a 32 bit computer. The Motorola 68000 CPU was often called a 16-/32-bit processor, hence the misunderstanding by journalists that the computer would be 16-bitted. The 68000 had at least 16 general purpose registers (data/address) that were 32 bitted. Instructions like "MOVE.L" summoned a 32-bit execution, while "MOVE.W" were 16-bitted. AmigaOS was fully 32 bitted, using a flat memory model, and the 68000 itself had only 24 address lines (for 16 MB max) but the 68020 expanded that to the full 32 address lines (which made memory up to 4 GB possible, in theory). That's why there were Amigas equipped with 256 MB of RAM for graphics and video purposes already in the early 90ies, long before such large memory was used in PCs.

Not accurate. While the processor in the Amiga 500 is capable of using 32 bit quantities the external data-bus interface to the CPU is 16 bits wide ergo it is a 16 bit computer. For your information the StrongARM processor is capable of manipulating 64 bit quantities with its long multiply and accumulate instructions but this does not however make the Acorn Risc-PC a 64 bit computer. Fnagaton 09:25, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

By that definition , i386SX would be a 16bit CPU while i386DX a 32bit one, which is clearly not the case. Also many mid-to-high-end GPUs would be 256 or 512bit processors. Not to mention Pentium IV FSB width. (22:28, 31 August 2007 (UTC)) —Preceding unsigned comment added by 83.245.252.197 (talk)

Whatever the marketing efforts of compaines selling chips, the strict thruth is that the number of bits of a processor should represent the external data bus. For this reaons the Super NES was not really a 16 bit machine, for example, as it still only had an 8 bit external data bus. At least as I understand it, happy to be proven wrong.Dndn1011 22:30, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

Read up on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32-bit , http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64-bit and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16-bit for starters. A bad compromise would be to take the smallest of a CPUs ALU register width(not 64/128 bit FPU/vector/SSE reg width), address bus width, or data bus width. Sort of works on 32/36/64 bit CPUs (eg. Pentium II/III), not so well on 16/32 bit (386sx, 68000) or 8/32 bit ( 68008, a 68000 variant with 8-bit databus). 193.229.159.16 09:50, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

The original 68000 was a largely 16 bit datapath (16-bit ALU) with a 32-bit microcoded instruction set. 32-bit arithmetic was executed by double-pumping the 16-bit datapath. Against the backdrop of the "race for more bits" among video game systems, you still see SEGA calling the 68K "16 bit," not 32. So, calling 68000 16-bit isn't unwarranted. The 65816 is also similarly 16 bit, again not due to bus width, but rather due to the native width of the instruction datapath. Going by external bus width doesn't make a lick of sense if you look across the full range of processors. Some processors don't even have an external bus that you can measure the width of! --Mr z (talk) 07:48, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

Using the width of available general-purpose registers makes most sense, as that is what users see. After all, the difference between a double-pumped 16-bit datapath and a single-pumped 32-bit datapath (likewise for data bus width) is just a matter of twice the effective speed. In contrast, the difference between 16-bit registers and 32-bit registers (assuming similar available operations on them) is tremendous for an assembler programmer and not just a matter of "needs more instructions, thus is slower". Just compare 68k assembler programs to 8088 assembler. The segmented memory model stemming from the 16-bitness of the latter has haunted application developers for decades, even in languages like C ("Do I need to compile this program in small, medium, or large memory model?"). It even affected end users: think about the MS-DOS XMS/EMS mess. Developers and users of 68k machines laughed about such issues. -84.129.167.174 (talk) 20:01, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

The only bit width that matters is the general purpose operand width in CPU's ISA. The same ISA may have different hardware implementations but will run same code seamlessly. For example, PDP-11 is canonical 16bit machine but it had both 16bit and 8bit ( [[LSI-11] ) hardware implementations. The external bus width is of lowest importance since it only affects the memory speed.

So strictly speaking 68000 is a 32 bit CPU. But there is also a marketing classification which has no practical sense except for it is roughly based on the overall performance class. 68000 is typically dubbed a 16 bit simply because it has a performance on the level with true 16bit CPU's like 8086/186/286. On the other hand, neither i8088 nor 68008 are called a 8bit CPU even though they have a 8bit data bus, because their performance is significantly higher than the 8bit CPU's. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.238.96.4 (talk) 14:49, 6 February 2010 (UTC)

1540 floppy drive

The article states that "the VIC 20 did not originally have a disk drive available for sale [...]". However, Commodore did produce the Commodore 1540 disk drive unit which only works on VIC-20s. How should these two details be reconciled? --Mr z (talk) 07:31, 2 May 2009 (UTC)

When VIC 20 was first put out, there was only the Datasette tape drive. The disk drive was put on the market later. Naaman Brown (talk) 19:43, 28 September 2009 (UTC)

PET

Changed it so that the Predecessor is not the Commodore CBM-II but the Commodore Pet. CBM-II was released in 1982, while the Vic-20 was released before. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.163.71.100 (talk) 04:37, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

Well spotted. :) - Bilby (talk) 04:40, 2 August 2010 (UTC)

What???

"Television personality Henry Morgan (best known as a panelist on the TV show I've Got A Secret) became the ironic voice on a series of clever Commodore product ads."

I'm feeling pretty positive that Henry Morgan was best know of either Dragnet or MASH at that time, since MASH was one of the top rated shows of the time.

And was it iconic intead of ironic?