From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
Line 1,474:
Line 1,474:
=== [[History of China|China]] ===
=== [[History of China|China]] ===
==== Mythological monarchs ====
{| style="text-align:center;" class="wikitable"
{| style="text-align:center;" class="wikitable"
|-
|-
Revision as of 14:21, 7 April 2013
This is a list of state leaders from the beginning of recorded history in the 4th millennium BC until the end of the 3rd millennium BC (2001 BC). The column "Title" refers to being of the state in question (e.g. "King" under the heading "Assyria" means "King of Assyria") unless otherwise stated.
Africa
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Hsekiu
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Sovereign
Khayu
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Sovereign
Tiu
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Sovereign
Thesh
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Sovereign
Neheb
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Sovereign
Wazner
Pharaoh
—
Around 3100 BC?
Sovereign
Mekh
Pharaoh
—
?
?
Type
Name
Title
Royal House
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Scorpion I
Pharaoh
—
Around 3200 BC?
Sovereign
Iry-Hor
Pharaoh
—
Around 3150 BC?
Sovereign
Ka
Pharaoh
—
Around 3150 BC?
Sovereign
Scorpion
Pharaoh
—
Around 3150 BC?
Sovereign
Narmer
Pharaoh
—
Around 3150 BC?
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Narmer
Pharaoh
First dynasty
3150 BC?
3125 BC?
[1]
Sovereign
Hor-Aha
Pharaoh
First dynasty
Around 3050 BC?
Sovereign
Djer
Pharaoh
First dynasty
41–54 years
Sovereign
Djet
Pharaoh
First dynasty
10–23 years
Sovereign
Merneith
Regent
First dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Den
Pharaoh
First dynasty
14–42 years
Sovereign
Anedjib
Pharaoh
First dynasty
8–10 years
Sovereign
Semerkhet
Pharaoh
First dynasty
8.5–9 years
Sovereign
Qa'a
Pharaoh
First dynasty
2916 BC?
2890 BC?
[2]
Sovereign
Hotepsekhemwy
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
2890 BC?
2853 BC?
[2]
Sovereign
Raneb
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
10–39 years
Sovereign
Nynetjer
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
40–45 years
Sovereign
Weneg
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
8 years
Sovereign
Senedj
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
20 years
Sovereign
Seth-Peribsen
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
17 years
Sovereign
Sekhemib-Perenmaat
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Khasekhemwy
Pharaoh
Second dynasty
17–18 years
2686 BC?
Sovereign
Sanakht
Pharaoh
Third dynasty
2686 BC
2668 BC
Sovereign
Djoser
Pharaoh
Third dynasty
2668 BC
2649 BC
[3] [4]
Sovereign
Sekhemkhet
Pharaoh
Third dynasty
2649 BC
2643 BC
[5]
Sovereign
Khaba
Pharaoh
Third dynasty
2643 BC
2637 BC
Sovereign
Huni
Pharaoh
Third dynasty
2637 BC
2613 BC
[6]
Sovereign
Sneferu
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2613 BC
2589 BC
Sovereign
Khufu
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2589 BC
2566 BC
Sovereign
Djedefre
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2566 BC
2558 BC
Sovereign
Khafra
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2558 BC
2532 BC
Sovereign
Menkaure
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2532 BC
2503 BC
Sovereign
Shepseskaf
Pharaoh
Fourth dynasty
2503 BC
2498 BC
Sovereign
Userkaf
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2498 BC or 2494 BC
2491 BC or 2487 BC
Sovereign
Sahure
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2490 BC or 2487 BC
2477 BC or 2475 BC
Sovereign
Neferirkare Kakai
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2477 BC or 2475 BC
2467 BC or 2455 BC
Sovereign
Shepseskare Isi
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2467 BC or 2455 BC
2460 BC or 2448 BC
Sovereign
Neferefre
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2460 BC
2458 BC or 2425 BC
Sovereign
Nyuserre Ini
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2445 BC or 2425 BC
2422 BC or 2421 BC
Sovereign
Menkauhor Kaiu
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2422 BC or 2421 BC
2414 BC
Sovereign
Djedkare Isesi
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2414 BC
2375 BC
Sovereign
Unas
Pharaoh
Fifth dynasty
2375 BC
2375 BC
Sovereign
Teti
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2345 BC
2333 BC
Sovereign
Userkare
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2333 BC
2332 BC
Sovereign
Pepi I Meryre
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2332 BC
2283 BC
Sovereign
Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2283 BC
2278 BC
Sovereign
Pepi II Neferkare
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2278 BC
2184 BC
Sovereign
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2184 BC
[7]
Sovereign
Neitiqerty Siptah
Pharaoh
Sixth dynasty
2184 BC
2181 BC
Middle East
Kings who Lived in Tents
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Tudiya
King
—
23rd century BC?
Sovereign
Adamu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Yangi
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Suhlamu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Harharu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Mandaru
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Imsu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Harsu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Didanu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Hanu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Zuabu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Nuabu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Abazu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Belu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Azara
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Ushpia
King
—
Around 2030 BC?
Sovereign
Apiashal
King
—
?
?
Kings whose Fathers Are Known
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Apiashal
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Hale
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Samani
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Hayani
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Ilu-Mer
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Yakmesi
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Yakmeni
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Yazkur-el
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Ila-kabkabu
King
—
?
?
Sovereign
Aminu
King
—
?
?
Kings whose Eponyms Are not Known
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Sulili
King
—
21st century BC?
Sovereign
Kikkiya
King
—
21st century BC?
Sovereign
Akiya
King
—
21st century BC or early 20th century BC?
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Humbaba
?
—
Around 2700 BC
Around 2680 BC
Sovereign
Humban-Shutur
?
—
?
?
Sovereign
The unnamed king of Awan
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2580 BC
?
Sovereign
...Lu
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Kur-Ishshak
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
Around 2550 BC
Sovereign
Peli
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2500 BC
?
Sovereign
Tata I
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Ukku-Tanhish
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Hishutash
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Shushun-Tarana
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Napi-Ilhush
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Kikku-Siwe-Temti
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Hishep-Ratep I
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Luh-Ishshan
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
Around 2325 BC
Sovereign
Hishep-Ratep II
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2325 BC
?
Sovereign
Emahsini
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2315 BC
2311 BC
Sovereign
Helu
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Hita
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2270 BC
Sovereign
Kutik-Inshushinak
King of Awan
Awan dynasty
Around 2100 BC
Sovereign
The unnamed king of Simashki
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
?
Around 2100 BC
Sovereign
Gir-Namme I
King of Smiashki
Simashki dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Tazitta I
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
Around 2040 BC
Around 2037 BC
Sovereign
Eparti I
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
?
Around 2033 BC
Sovereign
Gir-Namme II
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
Around 2033 BC
?
Sovereign
Tazitta II
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Lurak-Luhhan
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
Around 2028 BC
2022 BC
Sovereign
Hutran-Temti
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
?
?
Sovereign
Indattu-Inshushinak I
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
?
2016 BC
Sovereign
Kindattu
King of Simashki
Simashki dynasty
Before 2006 BC
After 2005 BC
Asia
Mythological monarchs
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Mara Yo
King
First Danyawaddy
2666 BC
2604 BC
Sovereign
Mara Zi I
King
First Danyawaddy
2604 BC
2572 BC
Sovereign
Mara Onlin
King
First Danyawaddy
2572 BC
2519 BC
Sovereign
Mara Rwaylin
King
First Danyawaddy
2519 BC
2471 BC
Sovereign
Mara Bin
King
First Danyawaddy
2471 BC
2416 BC
Sovereign
Mara Zi II
King
First Danyawaddy
2416 BC
2383 BC
Sovereign
Mara Kin
King
First Danyawaddy
2383 BC
2351 BC
Sovereign
Nga Sha Po
King
First Danyawaddy
2351 BC
2330 BC
Sovereign
Dwara Sanda
King
First Danyawaddy
2330 BC
2290 BC
Sovereign
Thola Sanda
King
First Danyawaddy
2290 BC
2257 BC
Sovereign
Sanda Thuriya Sanda
King
First Danyawaddy
2257 BC
2220 BC
Sovereign
Kala Sanda
King
First Danyawaddy
2220 BC
2180 BC
Sovereign
Ti Sanda
King
First Danyawaddy
2180 BC
2149 BC
Sovereign
Madhutha Sanda
King
First Danyawaddy
2149 BC
2129 BC
Sovereign
Zeya Sanda
King
First Danyawaddy
2129 BC
2089 BC
Sovereign
Mokkha Sanda
King
First Danyawaddy
2089 BC
2063 BC
Sovereign
Gunna Sanda
King
First Danyawaddy
2063 BC
2051 BC
Sovereign
Three nobles
Monarchs
—
2051 BC
2050 BC
Sovereign
Kan Raza I
King
First Danyawaddy
2050 BC
2009 BC
Sovereign
Kan Raza II
King
First Danyawaddy
2009 BC
1973 BC
Mythological monarchs
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Fu Xi
Emperor
—
2852 BC
2737 BC
Sovereign
Yan Emperor
Emperor
—
2737 BC
2699 BC
Sovereign
Yellow Emperor
Emperor
—
2699 BC or 2697 BC or 2696 BC
2598 BC or 2588 BC
Sovereign
Shaohao
Emperor
—
2597 BC or 2587 BC
2514 BC or 2491 BC
Sovereign
Ku
Emperor
—
2436 BC or 2412 BC
2343 BC or 2336 BC
Sovereign
Zhi
Emperor
—
2366 BC or 2343 BC
2358 BC or 2333 BC
Sovereign
Yao
Emperor
—
2358 BC or 2333 BC
2258 BC or 2234 BC
Sovereign
Shun
Emperor
—
2255 BC or 2233 BC
2195 BC or 2184 BC
Sovereign
Yu the Great
King
Xia dynasty
2205 BC
2197 BC
Sovereign
Qi
King
Xia dynasty
2146 BC
2117 BC
Sovereign
Tai Kang
King
Xia dynasty
2117 BC
2088 BC
Sovereign
Zhong Kang
King
Xia dynasty
2088 BC
2075 BC
Sovereign
Xiang
King
Xia dynasty
2075 BC
2047 BC
Sovereign
Shaokang
King
Xia dynasty
2007 BC
1985 BC
Legendary monarchs
Type
Name
Title
Royal house
From
To
Refs
Sovereign
Dangun
Tanje
—
2333 BC
2240 BC
Sovereign
Buru
Tanje
—
2240 BC
2206 BC
Sovereign
Gareuk
Tanje
—
2206 BC
2155 BC
Sovereign
Osa
Tanje
—
2155 BC
2106 BC
Sovereign
Gueul
Tanje
—
2106 BC
2071 BC
Sovereign
Dalmun
Tanje
—
2071 BC
2039 BC
Sovereign
Hanyul
Tanje
—
2039 BC
2014 BC
Sovereign
Seohan
Tanje
—
2014 BC
1957 BC
References
^ Grimal, Nicolas-Christophe. A History of Ancient Egypt . Oxford, UK; Cambridge, USA: Blackwell, 1992, p. 389, ISBN 978-0-631-17472-1.
^ a b Bard, Kathryn A. Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt . London; New York: Routledge, 1999, p. 27, ISBN 978-0-415-18589-9.
^ Toby Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge, 1999, pp.83 & 95
^ Toby Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt, pp.79 & 258
^ Clayton (1994) p.32
^ Clayton (1994) p.42
^ Dodson & Hilton (2004) p.73
Literature
Clayton, Peter A. (1995). Chronicle of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt . The Chronicles Series (Reprinted ed.). London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-05074-3 .
Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt . Thames & Hudson. 2004. ISBN 0-500-05128-3