Soursop: Difference between revisions
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The flavour has been described as a combination of [[strawberry]] and [[pineapple]], with sour [[citrus]] flavour notes contrasting with an underlying creamy flavour reminiscent of [[coconut]] or [[banana]]. |
The flavour has been described as a combination of [[strawberry]] and [[pineapple]], with sour [[citrus]] flavour notes contrasting with an underlying creamy flavour reminiscent of [[coconut]] or [[banana]]. |
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== Cultivation |
== Cultivation == |
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The plant is grown as a commercial herb [[agriculture|crop]] for its {{convert|20|-|30|cm|abbr=on}} long, prickly, green [[fruit]], which can have a mass of up to {{convert|15|lb|abbr=on}},<ref>http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/soursop.html</ref> making it probably the second biggest annona after the [[junglesop]]. |
The plant is grown as a commercial herb [[agriculture|crop]] for its {{convert|20|-|30|cm|abbr=on}} long, prickly, green [[fruit]], which can have a mass of up to {{convert|15|lb|abbr=on}},<ref>http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/soursop.html</ref> making it probably the second biggest annona after the [[junglesop]]. |
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[[File:Annona muricata 1.jpg|thumb|left|Fruit and leaves of ''[[Annona muricata]]'']] |
[[File:Annona muricata 1.jpg|thumb|left|Fruit and leaves of ''[[Annona muricata]]'']] |
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Away from its native area, some limited production occurs as far north as southern [[Florida]] within [[USDA Zone]] 10; however, these are mostly garden plantings for local consumption. It is also grown in parts of [[Southeast Asia]] and abundant on the Island of Mauritius. The soursop will reportedly fruit as a container specimen, even in temperate climates, if protected from cool temperatures.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} |
Away from its native area, some limited production occurs as far north as southern [[Florida]] within [[USDA Zone]] 10; however, these are mostly garden plantings for local consumption. It is also grown in parts of [[Southeast Asia]] and abundant on the Island of Mauritius. The soursop will reportedly fruit as a container specimen, even in temperate climates, if protected from cool temperatures.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} |
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== Uses == |
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The flesh of the fruit consists of an edible, white [[juice vesicles|pulp]], some fiber, and a core of indigestible, black seeds. The species is the only member of its genus suitable for processing and preservation.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}<!--isn't chirimoya too--> The sweet pulp is used to make juice, as well as candies, [[sorbet]]s, and ice cream flavorings. |
The flesh of the fruit consists of an edible, white [[juice vesicles|pulp]], some fiber, and a core of indigestible, black seeds. The species is the only member of its genus suitable for processing and preservation.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}<!--isn't chirimoya too--> The sweet pulp is used to make juice, as well as candies, [[sorbet]]s, and ice cream flavorings. |
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Revision as of 01:33, 13 November 2013
 | It has been suggested that Annona muricata be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since July 2013. |
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| Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
|---|---|
| Energy | 276 kJ (66 kcal) |
16.84 g | |
| Sugars | 13.54 g |
| Dietary fiber | 3.3 g |
0.3 g | |
1 g | |
| Vitamins | Quantity %DV† |
| Thiamine (B1) | 6% 0.07 mg |
| Riboflavin (B2) | 4% 0.05 mg |
| Niacin (B3) | 6% 0.9 mg |
| Pantothenic acid (B5) | 5% 0.253 mg |
| Vitamin B6 | 3% 0.059 mg |
| Folate (B9) | 4% 14 μg |
| Choline | 1% 7.6 mg |
| Vitamin C | 23% 20.6 mg |
| Minerals | Quantity %DV† |
| Calcium | 1% 14 mg |
| Iron | 3% 0.6 mg |
| Magnesium | 5% 21 mg |
| Phosphorus | 2% 27 mg |
| Potassium | 9% 278 mg |
| Sodium | 1% 14 mg |
| Zinc | 1% 0.1 mg |
| †Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[1] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[2] | |
Soursop is the fruit of Annona muricata, a broadleaf, flowering, evergreen tree native to Mexico, Cuba, Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America, primarily Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Soursop is also produced in some parts of Africa, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. It is in the same genus as the chirimoya and the same family as the pawpaw.
The soursop is adapted to areas of high humidity and relatively warm winters; temperatures below 5 °C (41 °F) will cause damage to leaves and small branches, and temperatures below 3 °C (37 °F) can be fatal. The fruit becomes dry and is no longer good for concentrate.
Other common names include: "Coração de Boi" Mozambique, Evo (Ewe, Volta Region, Ghana),"Ekitafeeli", Uganda, "Stafeli" Swahili, Aluguntugui (Ga, Greater Accra Region, Ghana) guanábana (Spanish), graviola (Brazilian Portuguese, pronounced [ɡɾɐviˈɔlɐ]), anona (European Portuguese), corossol (French),කටු අනෝදා (Sinhalese), sorsaka (Papiamento), adunu (Acholi), Brazilian pawpaw, guyabano, guanavana, toge-banreisi, durian benggala, durian belanda, nangka blanda, ทุเรียนเทศ [turi:jen te:k] (Thai), sirsak, zuurzak (Dutch), tomoko (Kiswahili) and nangka londa.[3] In Malayalam, it is called മുള്ളാത്ത (mullaatha), literally thorny custard apple. The other lesser-known Indian names are shul-ram-fal and Lakshmana Phala. and in Harar (Ethiopia) in Harari language known for centuries as Amba Shoukh (Thorny Mango or Thorny Fruit).
The flavour has been described as a combination of strawberry and pineapple, with sour citrus flavour notes contrasting with an underlying creamy flavour reminiscent of coconut or banana.
Cultivation
The plant is grown as a commercial herb crop for its 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) long, prickly, green fruit, which can have a mass of up to 15 lb (6.8 kg),[4] making it probably the second biggest annona after the junglesop.
Away from its native area, some limited production occurs as far north as southern Florida within USDA Zone 10; however, these are mostly garden plantings for local consumption. It is also grown in parts of Southeast Asia and abundant on the Island of Mauritius. The soursop will reportedly fruit as a container specimen, even in temperate climates, if protected from cool temperatures.[citation needed]
Uses
The flesh of the fruit consists of an edible, white pulp, some fiber, and a core of indigestible, black seeds. The species is the only member of its genus suitable for processing and preservation.[citation needed] The sweet pulp is used to make juice, as well as candies, sorbets, and ice cream flavorings.
In Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Harar (Ethiopia), it is a common fruit, often used for dessert as the only ingredient, or as an agua fresca beverage; in Colombia and Venezuela, it is a fruit for juices, mixed with milk. Ice cream and fruit bars made of soursop are also very popular. The seeds are normally left in the preparation, and removed while consuming, unless a blender is used for processing.
In Indonesia, dodol sirsak, a sweetmeat, is made by boiling soursop pulp in water and adding sugar until the mixture hardens. Soursop is also a common ingredient for making fresh fruit juices that are sold by street food vendors. In the Philippines, it is called guyabano, derived from the Spanish guanabana, and is eaten ripe, or used to make juices, smoothies, or ice cream. Sometimes, they use the leaf in tenderizing meat. In Vietnam, this fruit is called mãng cầu Xiêm in the south, or mãng cầu in the north, and is used to make smoothies, or eaten as is. In Cambodia, this fruit is called tearb barung, literally "western custard-apple fruit." In Malaysia, it is known in Malay as durian belanda and in East Malaysia, specifically among the Dusun people of Sabah, it is locally known as lampun. Popularly, it is eaten raw when it ripens, or used as one of the ingredients in Ais Kacang or Ais Batu Campur. Usually the fruits are taken from the tree when they mature and left to ripen in a dark corner, whereby they will be eaten when they are fully ripe. It has a white flower with a very pleasing scent, especially in the morning. While for people in Brunei Darussalam this fruit is popularly known as "Durian Salat", widely available and easily planted.It was most likely brought from Mexico to the Philippines by way of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon trade.[citation needed]
In the United States, soursop has been used by the New Belgium Brewing Company in their Rolle Bolle summer seasonal beer.[5]
Properties
The fruit contains significant amounts of vitamin C, vitamin B1 and vitamin B2.[6]
Laboratory and field research suggests that soursop may have potential for various applications.[7]
The compound annonacin, which is contained in the seeds of soursop, is a neurotoxin associated with neurodegenerative disease,[8] and research has suggested a connection between consumption of soursop and atypical forms of Parkinson's disease due to high concentrations of annonacin.[9] In 2010 the Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments called for further study on the risks of annonacin exposure for human health.[10]
Cancer treatment
According to Cancer Research UK, "Many sites on the internet advertise and promote graviola capsules as a cancer cure, but none of them are supported by any reputable scientific cancer organisations" and "there is no evidence to show that graviola works as a cure for cancer" and consequently they do not support its use as a treatment for cancer.[11]
In 2008 a court case relating to the sale in the UK of Triamazon, a soursop product, resulted in the criminal conviction of a man under the terms of the UK Cancer Act for offering to treat people for cancer. A spokesman for the council that instigated the action stated, "it is as important now as it ever was that people are protected from those peddling unproven products with spurious claims as to their effects."[12]
The Federal Trade Commission in the United States determined that there was "no credible scientific evidence" that the extract of soursop sold by Bioque Technologies "can prevent, cure, or treat cancer of any kind."[13]
See also
- Annona crassiflora
- Annona reticulata
- Atemoya
- Cherimoya
- List of ineffective cancer treatments
- Sugar-apple
References
- ^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- ^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Archived from the original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
- ^ "Graviola (Soursop)". Blackherbals. Retrieved 30 January 2012.[unreliable source?]
- ^ http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/soursop.html
- ^ "Rolle Bolle Ale - Seasonal". New Belgium Brewing Company.
- ^ Morton, Julia F. (1987). "Soursop (Annona muricata)". Fruits of warm climates. Purdue University. pp. 75–80.
{{cite book}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^
- Oberlies, NH; Chang, CJ; McLaughlin, JL (1997). "Structure-activity relationships of diverse Annonaceous acetogenins against multidrug resistant human mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7/Adr) cells". Journal of Medical Chemistry. 40 (13): 2102–6. doi:10.1021/jm9700169. PMID 9207950.
- Jaramillo, MC; Arango, GJ; González, MC; Robledo, SM; Velez, ID (2000). "Cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of Annona muricata pericarp". Fitoterapia. 71 (2): 183–6. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00138-0. PMID 10727816.
- Padma, P; Pramod, NP; Thyagarajan, SP; Khosa, RL (1998). "Effect of the extract of Annona muricata and Petunia nyctaginiflora on Herpes simplex virus". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 61 (1): 81–3. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00013-0. PMID 9687085.
- Dai, Y; Hogan, S; Schmelz, EM; Ju, YH; Canning, C; Zhou, K (2011). "Selective growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells by soursop fruit extract in vitro and in vivo involving downregulation of EGFR expression". Nutrition and cancer. 63 (5): 795–801. doi:10.1080/01635581.2011.563027. PMID 21767082.
- Liaw, CC; Chang, FR; Lin, CY; Chou, CJ; Chiu, HF; Wu, MJ; Wu, YC (2002). "New cytotoxic monotetrahydrofuran annonaceous acetogenins from Annona muricata". Journal of Natural Products. 65 (4): 470–5. PMID 11975482.
- ^ Le Ven, J.; Schmitz-Afonso, I.; Touboul, D.; Buisson, D.; Akagah, B.; Cresteil, T.; Lewin, G.; Champy, P. (2011). "Annonaceae fruits and parkinsonism risk: Metabolisation study of annonacin, a model neurotoxin; evaluation of human exposure". Toxicology Letters. 205: S50. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.197.
- ^
- Lannuzel, A; Michel, P.P; Höglinger, G.U; Champy, P; Jousset, A; Medja, F; Lombès, A; Darios, F; Gleye, C (2003). "The mitochondrial complex I inhibitor annonacin is toxic to mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons by impairment of energy metabolism". Neuroscience. 121 (2): 287–96. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(03)00441-X. PMID 14521988.
- Champy, Pierre; Melot, Alice; Guérineau Eng, Vincent; Gleye, Christophe; Fall, Djibril; Höglinger, Gunter U.; Ruberg, Merle; Lannuzel, Annie; Laprévote, Olivier (2005). "Quantification of acetogenins inAnnona muricata linked to atypical parkinsonism in guadeloupe". Movement Disorders. 20 (12): 1629–33. doi:10.1002/mds.20632. PMID 16078200.
- Lannuzel, A.; Höglinger, G. U.; Champy, P.; Michel, P. P.; Hirsch, E. C.; Ruberg, M. (2006). "Is atypical parkinsonism in the Caribbean caused by the consumption of Annonacae?". Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementa. 70 (70): 153–7. doi:10.1007/978-3-211-45295-0_24. ISBN 978-3-211-28927-3. PMID 17017523.
- Caparros-Lefebvre, Dominique; Elbaz, Alexis (1999). "Possible relation of atypical parkinsonism in the French West Indies with consumption of tropical plants: A case-control study". The Lancet. 354 (9175): 281–6. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)10166-6. PMID 10440304.
- ^ "Avis de l'Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments relatif aux risques liés à la consommation de corossol et de ses préparations" (pdf). Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments. 28 April 2010. Retrieved August 2013.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ "Can graviola cure cancer?". Cancer Research UK.
- ^ "Man convicted over cancer 'cure'". BBC News. 10 September 2008.
{{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ "FTC Sweep Stops Peddlers of Bogus Cancer Cures". FTC. 18 September 2008.
External links
- Bridg, Hannia. "Micropropagation and Determination of the in vitro Stability of Annona cherimola Mill. and Annona muricata L."
- Template:Pt icon Correia, M. P., (1984) Dicionário das plantas úteis do Brasil
- Description of soursop from Fruits of Warm Climates (1987, ISBN 0-9610184-1-0)
- Sorting Annona names
- Soursop List of Chemicals (Dr. Duke's)
- PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ANNONA MURICATA: A REVIEW