Tower of Power

This article is about the US band and horn section. For other uses, see Tower of Power (disambiguation).

Tower of Power
Tower of Power, Buffalo, New York, November 11, 2008
Background information
Origin	Oakland, California, United States
Genres	Soul, funk, R&B, jazz, jazz-funk
Years active	1968–present
Labels	Warner Bros., Columbia, Epic, SPV
Members	Emilio Castillo Stephen 'Doc' Kupka Francis 'Rocco' Prestia David Garibaldi Roger Smith Sal Cracchiolo Adolfo Acosta Larry Braggs Tom Politzer Jerry Cortez
Past members	Lee Thornburg Michael "Iron Mike" Bogart Greg Adams Lenny Lee Skip Mesquite Brent Byars Lenny Williams Herman Matthews Lenny Pickett John Creech Mic Gillette Ellis Hall Jr. Ken Balzell Michael Jeffries Chester Thompson Norbert Stachel Carmen Grillo Jeff Tamelier Tom Bowes Brent Carter Ron E. Beck Rick Stevens Mark Harper Mick Mestek Victor Conte Russ McKinnon Danny Hoefer Derick Hughes Rufus Miller Bobby Vega Richard Elliot.
Website	www.towerofpower.com

Tower of Power (or TOP for short) is an American R&B-based horn section and band, originating in Oakland, California, that has been performing since 1968. They are best known for their funky soul sound highlighted by a powerful horn section and precisely syncopated bass-guitar lines. There have been several lead vocalists, the most famous being Lenny Williams, who fronted the band between early 1973 and late 1974, the period of their greatest commercial success. Their biggest hits include "You're Still a Young Man", "So Very Hard to Go","Soul With a Capital S", "Soul Vaccination", "What Is Hip?", and "Don't Change Horses (in the Middle of a Stream)."

History

In the summer of 1968, tenor saxophonist/vocalist Emilio Castillo met Stephen "Doc" Kupka, who played baritone sax. Castillo had played in several bands, but Castillo's father told his son to "hire that guy" after a home audition. Together, they became the backbone of Tower of Power. Within months the group, then known as The Motowns, began playing various gigs around Oakland and Berkeley, their soul sound relating to both minority and rebellious listeners.

By 1970, the now renamed Tower of Power (including trumpet/arranger Greg Adams, first trumpet Mic Gillette, first saxophone Skip Mesquite, Francis "Rocco" Prestia on bass, Willie Fulton on guitar, and drummer David Garibaldi) signed a recording contract with Bill Graham's San Francisco Records and released their first album, East Bay Grease. Rufus Miller performed most of the lead vocals on this debut album. The group was first introduced to the San Francisco Bay area by radio station KSAN, which played a variety of artists such as Cold Blood, Eric Mercury and Marvin Gaye's album "What's Goin On" in its entirety before the bay area's soul and R&B stations became aware. Dusty Street of the Flying Eye Radio Network's Fly Low show and Sirius XM radio was a DJ there in the late 60s/early 70s. The single "Sparkling In The Sand" received airplay on famed Bay Area soul station KDIA.

Augmented by percussionist/conga/bongo player Brent Byars, Tower of Power was released from their San Francisco label contract and moved to Warner Brothers Records. With Rick Stevens now singing lead, 1972's Bump City gave the band their first national exposure. This album included the hit single "You're Still a Young Man", which peaked at #29 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was Stevens' pinnacle vocal performance before leaving the band. Emilio Castillo, who, along with Stephen Kupka, co-wrote "You're Still a Young Man," told Songfacts that the song was based on a true story concerning a former girlfriend who was six years older than him. Though not a big hit single "Down to the Nightclub" received heavy airplay on West Coast FM stations and several AM stations. Both songs still get substantial airplay on oldies radio and remain fan favorites.

Tower of Power, released in the spring of 1973, was the third album for the band. It featured Lenny Williams on lead vocals and Lenny Pickett on lead tenor saxophone. Bruce Conte replaced guitarist Willy Fulton and keyboardist Chester Thompson also joined the band during the recording of the album. This was the group's most successful album. It peaked at #15 on the Billboard Pop Albums chart and was RIAA certified as a gold record (for sales in excess of 500,000 copies). The album also spawned their most-successful single "So Very Hard To Go". Although the single peaked at #17 on the Billboard Hot 100, it landed in the Top 10 on the surveys of many West Coast Top 40 radio stations, hitting #1 on many of them. The album also charted two other singles on the Billboard Hot 100, "This Time It's Real" and "What Is Hip?" The latter is possibly their most enduring song.

1974's Back to Oakland spawned another hit, "Don't Change Horses (in the Middle of a Stream)", that reached #26 on the Billboard Hot 100, and "Time Will Tell", which charted at #69.

On some of their releases in the mid-1970s, such as Urban Renewal (1974), the band moved more toward funk than soul; however, they continued recording ballads as well. Williams left the band in late 1974, and was replaced as vocalist by Hubert Tubbs. Though the band remained popular, their days of chart radio airplay declined. During the late 1970s they briefly tried recording disco-sounding material. Leader Emilio Castillo said in an interview that the band's brief foray into quasi-disco music was at the request of Columbia Records, who had the band under contract at the time.

Tower of Power still tours extensively today, although there have been many changes in personnel over the years. At least 60 musicians have toured or recorded with the band over their 40-plus-year existence. These include current Saturday Night Live musical director/saxophonist Lenny Pickett, drummer David Garibaldi, bassist Francis "Rocco" Prestia, organ master Chester Thompson, saxophonists Richard Elliot and Euge Groove, and guitarist Bruce Conte. Conte's cousin, BALCO founder Victor Conte, also played bass guitar in the band from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. Former lead vocalist Rick Stevens (real name Donald Stevenson) was sentenced to life in prison on three counts of first-degree murder for crimes committed after leaving the band. Stevens was paroled on July 20, 2012 after 36 years in prison. Bruce Conte rejoined the band in 2006, replacing veteran guitarist Jeff Tamelier. He departed after slightly more than a year, citing personal recording projects and health issues. Following Conte as guitarist was Charles Spikes (while auditions for a permanent player were held), then Mark Harper. The band's current guitarist is Jerry Cortez.

Collaborations with other bands

Tower of Power has made guest appearances on other major recording solo artists' albums. They guested with Little Feat. In 1993 the band was featured on Luis Miguel's Aries, in a cover of "Attitude Dance" titled "Que Nivel de Mujer". More recently, Tower of Power has been featured on Josh Groban's Awake, during an instrumental break in "Machine". Roger Smith is featured on Dave Matthews Band's song "If Only" from their album Away from the World.

Horn section collaborations

The Tower of Power horn section has gained renown as a separate entity to much critical acclaim. They have appeared on a number of other artists' recordings, including one of the most highly regarded early live albums: a performance with Little Feat in 1977, one of the three inaugural acts to perform at the newly opened Rockpalast studios on the song, "Rocket in my Pocket".

Other performers supported by the Tower of Power horns include innovative electric slap bass guitarist Larry Graham's Graham Central Station, The Monkees, The Grateful Dead, Santana, Elkie Brooks, Cat Stevens (on his Foreigner Suite), Luis Miguel, Elton John, Linda Lewis, rad. (Rose Ann Dimalanta), Jermaine Jackson, John Lee Hooker, Helen Reddy, Rufus, Rod Stewart, Jefferson Starship, Mickey Hart, Heart, Damn Yankees, Huey Lewis and the News, Spyro Gyra, KMFDM, Lyle Lovett, Poison, Phish, Toto, Pharoahe Monch, Brothers Johnson, and Aerosmith, among many other acts. Their early song "So Very Hard To Go" was featured in the soundtrack of the 2002 film City of God, as well as Will Ferrell's Semi-Pro.

Recent work

Tower of Power has been recording and touring continuously since 1968, and the band maintains a very busy tour calendar. In 2008 they celebrated their 40th anniversary with shows in San Mateo, California, in August, and at the Fillmore in San Francisco on October 18, 2008. At the Fillmore many former band members made onstage appearances. The entire event was recorded and released on DVD and Blu-ray.

Tower of Power has released 19 albums over the years (compilations and regional variations not included), the latest being 2009's homage to classic soul songs The Great American Soulbook.

Tower of Power's horn section has become the good-luck charm for most championship-bound San Francisco Bay area sports teams, having played The Star-Spangled Banner at championship playoff games at AT&T Park, Candlestick Park, HP Pavilion at San Jose, O.co Coliseum and Oracle Arena, among other venues.

Band members

Emilio Castillo

Emilio "Mimi" Castillo (born September 24, 1950, Detroit, Michigan) is a saxophone player and composer and is best known as the founder of the band. After he was caught stealing by his father, who told him he could stay in his room until he thought of something to keep himself off the street, Castillo chose music. He took lessons in saxophone, piano, guitar, and also in music theory from one-time Dave Brubeck bass player Norman Bates. His first musical endeavor was as a keyboard player in a British Invasion style group, The Gotham City Crimefighters. After seeing the Bay Area soul band The Spyders, Castillo switched to saxophone and formed The Motowns, which played soul music covers.

After meeting baritone sax player Stephen Kupka, Castillo switched, on Kupka's suggestion, to performing original material and the band changed its name to Tower of Power. Castillo has been with the band ever since, as leader and 2nd tenor saxophonist. He and Kupka are also responsible for writing many of the band's best-known songs.

Stephen Kupka

Stephen Mackenzie "Doc" Kupka (a.k.a. "The Funky Doctor") (born 25 March 1946, in Berkeley, California) is a baritone saxophone player and composer, and is a founding member of the band.

In 1968, Kupka met Emilio Castillo and joined his soul music cover band, The Motowns, which was based in Oakland, California. Kupka convinced Castillo to start performing original songs, and they changed the band's name to Tower of Power. Kupka has been with Tower of Power ever since, and is also responsible for co-writing (with Castillo) a majority of the band's songs.

"Doc" plays a Yamaha YBS-62 baritone saxophone, Berg Larsen 130 facing metal mouthpiece, and Rico Plasticover 1.5 strength reeds. Kupka has also recorded with numerous other artists, including The B-52's, Chicago, Dan Fogelberg, Heart, Elton John, Huey Lewis and the News, Little Feat, Elkie Brooks, and Bonnie Raitt.

In 1998, Kupka founded Strokeland Records along with Andy Ebon, CEO of Soul, as a platform for his own songwriting. Strokeland Records has since grown to include numerous other soul, jazz, and funk artists.

In 2006, Steve Finch took over as director of operations for Strokeland Records as Kupka began work on two new releases: Doc Goes Hollywood (a collection of his songs written in the Great American Songbook style) and Bumped Up To First Class (a new collection of Kupka's classic soul songs in the early Tower of Power style).

Rocco Prestia

Main article: Rocco Prestia

Francis "Rocco" Prestia (born March 7, 1951 in Sonora, California) is the bassist of the band and a prominent musician on his instrument.

Prestia started playing electric guitar as an adolescent. When he auditioned for Tower of Power, Castillo persuaded him to switch to electric bass. Prestia remembers an "immediate and incendiary" connection with the band's drummer, David Garibaldi, with whom he would establish one of the most original and influential rhythm sections of all time. The drummer's fast, nervous style blended perfectly with the bassist's dry, percussive approach. The resultant combination, along with the band's powerful horn section, defined the band's distinctive sound.

Prestia worked with the band until 1977. He later rejoined and remained with the band until he became seriously ill in 2001. His fans and friends created a fund in order to help pay the artist's medical costs. In 2002 Prestia underwent successful liver transplant surgery and since then he has gradually resumed his professional activity and remains the Tower of Power bass player.

David Garibaldi

David Garibaldi (born November 4, 1946 in Oakland, California) is the drummer of the band. He began playing drums in childhood while living near San Francisco, California.

In January 1998, David Garibaldi rejoined Tower of Power and continues touring with them. He is also featured as a traps player on the Mickey Hart/Planet Drum album Supralingua. Garibaldi was inducted into the Percussive Art Society Hall Of Fame, Class of 2012 during the Percussive Art Society's annual convention in Austin, Texas on November 1st, 2012.

Mic Gillette

Main article: Mic Gillette

Mic Gillette (born 1951) is a brass player raised in northern California's East Bay area. He is famous for being a member of Tower of Power, Cold Blood, and The Sons of Champlin. Mic rejoined Tower of Power in August 2009 after a 25 year absence, and left the band in March 2011. Gillette's association with the band began in 1967 as Emilio Castillo's bandmate in the Gotham City Crimefighters, Black Orpheus, The Motowns, and ultimately Tower of Power.

Greg Adams

Greg Adams is a trumpet/flugelhorn player and music arranger, best known for his arrangements and playing with the band Tower of Power, over a 25-year span.

Adams grew up in the San Francisco Bay Area, and while attending Westmoor High School in Daly City he established his reputation as a musical prodigy. He had made plans to attend the Berklee College of Music in Boston, but instead accepted an invitation to join Tower of Power for their first album, East Bay Grease (1970). He remained with the band for 25 years and was responsible for many of their distinctive horn arrangements, including "What Is Hip?" (1973) which earned him a Grammy Award nomination.

In 1995 Adams recorded his first solo album, Hidden Agenda (Epic), which reached #1 on the U.S. smooth jazz charts. His subsequent albums include Midnight Morning (Ripa, Blue Note) (2002), Firefly (215) (2004), Cool To The Touch (Ripa) (2006), East Bay Soul (Ripa) (2009), and East Bay Soul 2.0 (Ripa) (2012).

Adams has recorded with and/or arranged for numerous other artists, including Chicago, Heart, Elton John, Huey Lewis and the News, Little Feat, Bonnie Raitt, and Carlos Santana. In 1989 he was nominated (with Paul Shaffer) for an Emmy Award for his arrangements for the Late Night with David Letterman 7th anniversary special.

Lenny Williams

Main article: Lenny Williams

Lenny Williams (born Leonard Charles Williams on February 6, 1945, in Little Rock, Arkansas) was the lead vocalist for Tower of Power from 1972–1974 and appeared on three of the group's most commercially successful albums: Tower Of Power, Back To Oakland, and Urban Renewal. Williams left the group to pursue a solo career and made several hit recordings, including “Cause I Love You” and "Choosing You."

Lenny Pickett

Lenny Pickett (b. Las Cruces, New Mexico, April 10, 1954) is a saxophonist, flutist, clarinetist, composer, arranger and music director. He was a member of the Tower of Power Horns from 1972 until 1981, and since 1985 has been the tenor saxophone soloist with the Saturday Night Live band. He has served as the Saturday Night Live band's musical director since 1995. He is known particularly for his skill in the altissimo register (executed by using a combination of embouchure control, air stream control, and alternate fingerings), which can be heard during the opening credits of each episode of Saturday Night Live.

Pickett grew up in Berkeley, California. He has no formal musical training, did not attend high school beyond the ninth grade and did not attend college. Except for a brief period of study with the jazz saxophonist Bert Wilson (another player known for his facility with the altissimo register) after dropping out of high school in Berkeley, he is completely self-taught in the saxophone. While with the Tower of Power Horns, which he joined when he was 18 years old, he performed with Elton John and many other rhythm and blues and soul groups. He has also worked as a saxophonist and an arranger for artists including David Bowie, Talking Heads, and Laurie Anderson. As a composer, he has written for his group, the Borneo Horns, and has received a number of commissions to write works mixing classical and popular idioms for a variety of musical ensembles, including the New Century Saxophone Quartet, as well as music for theater and collaborations with dancers, poets and filmmakers.

He is a professor of jazz saxophone at New York University.

Bruce Conte

Main article: Bruce Conte

Bruce Conte was born in Sanger, and grew up in Fresno, California. Prior to joining the band, Conte was a guitarist in various Bay Area groups, including The Loading Zone, who shared rehearsal halls with, and regularly opened shows for Tower Of Power. Conte joined Tower of Power in 1972, at the beginning of the recording sessions for the band's third album, and remained with them until 1979. He briefly returned for live work from 2006-2007. In addition to playing guitar, Conte also contributed backing vocals and wrote a number of songs for the band. Bruce was also the guitarist on TOP's latest release, The Great American Soulbook.

Larry Braggs

Larry Braggs is the current TOP's lead vocalist. "LB" is referred to by Emilio Castillo as "Pound for pound, the baddest cat in the land". Larry's vocal range allows the band to pull virtually 40 years of songs out of their "trick bag". A native of Chicago, Illinois, Larry earned a scholarship to the University of Arkansas Pine Bluff, where he was awarded the honors of Most Valuable Player and Best Actor of the University's Drama Department and received the B.A. degree in Music.

The lead and background vocal artist's first performance with the band was at Reno, Nevada in 1999, and soon he was offered the gig, to which he responded, “thanks, but no thanks.” Of course, he was kidding, and up till today remains the longest lead vocalist the band has ever had. Braggs did the lead vocals for TOP's latest album The Great American Soulbook.

Braggs has announced that he's moving on from TOP at the end of 2013 to pursue new opportunities.

Tom E. Politzer

Tom E. Politzer, born in Ann Arbor, Michigan and raised in Palo Alto, California, is currently TOP's lead tenor sax player. Tom fills that role totally, not only as an outstanding soloist, but also as a part of the five-piece Tower of Power horn section.

Politzer contributes to the band's complex sound with his first tenor sax, alto sax, flute, and clarinet. Tom, who started playing clarinet at an early age, has an extensive classical music background, joining school bands and local youth orchestras. While in Junior High, the Jazz Band needed someone to fill the baritone sax chair. He switched from playing clarinet to baritone sax (inspired, in part, by Tower of Power’s song, “Squib Cakes”).

Brent Carter

Brent Carter A native New Yorker, Carter attended the Performing Arts High School of New York, where he studied acting and voice. Early on he landed the role of Gabriel in Broadway's Shenandoah. He later attended the State University of New York at New Paltz.

In 1995, Carter became lead singer for Tower of Power. Tower of Power recorded three albums/CDs during Carter's 5½ year tenure with the band—Souled Out, Rhythm & Business, and Soul Vaccination: Tower of Power Live. When they were not in the studio, Carter toured the world with Tower of Power. Brent continues to record and is the voice on several jingles and performs in the US and abroad.

In 2011, Carter made several brief appearances with the band singing "I Like Your Style".

Herman Matthews

Main article: Herman Matthews

Herman Matthews (born December 28, 1960 in Houston, Texas) was the drummer for Tower of Power for four years, Matthews is also credited with works for Tom Jones, Richard Marx and Kenny Loggins.

Drummer, vocalist and composer Herman Matthews replaced drummer Russ McKinnon. Matthews is featured on the albums Souled Out (1995), and Rhythm & Business (1997). From the Rhythm & Business album, Matthews co-wrote the songs, "So I Got to Groove", "Rhythm and Business" and "Spank-A-Dang". Matthews is the lead vocalist on the title track, "Rhythm and Business". "So I Got to Groove" is also featured on several tribute and greatest hits albums: What Is Hip?: The Tower of Power Anthology (1999), Soul Vaccination: Tower Of Power Live (Europe 1999), Soul with a Capital "S": The Best of Tower of Power (2002), and 40th Anniversary (2010).

On his departure, Matthews made way for David Garibaldi's to return to Tower of Power in 1998.

Discography

Studio albums

• 1970: East Bay Grease
• 1972: Bump City
• 1973: Tower of Power
• 1974: Back to Oakland
• 1975: Urban Renewal
• 1975: In the Slot
• 1976: Ain't Nothin' Stoppin' Us Now
• 1978: We Came to Play!
• 1979: Back on the Streets
• 1986: TOP (Only released in Europe)
• 1987: Power (US Version of TOP)
• 1991: Monster on a Leash
• 1993: T.O.P.
• 1995: Souled Out
• 1997: Rhythm & Business
• 1999: Dinosaur Tracks (Songs recorded between 1980–1983)
• 2003: Oakland Zone
• 2009: The Great American Soulbook

Live albums

• 1976: Live And In Living Color
• 1981: Direct (Studio Live)
• 1997: Direct Plus (reissue of Direct with alternate takes)
• 1999: Soul Vaccination: Live
• 2008: East Bay Archive Volume 1 (recorded at K-K-K-Katy's, Boston, MA; April 1973)
• 2011: 40th Anniversary (Live)

Compilations

• 1974: Funkland
• 2001: The Very Best of Tower of Power: The Warner Years
• 2002: Soul With a Capital "S": The Best of Tower of Power
• 2003: Havin' Fun
• 2003: What is Hip & Other Hits
• 2006: What is Hip

Singles

• 1972: "You're Still a Young Man", No. 29 (The Billboard Hot 100) (R&B No. 24)
• 1972: "Down to the Nightclub", No. 66
• 1973: "So Very Hard to Go", No. 17 (R&B No. 11)
• 1973: "This Time It's Real", No. 65 (R&B No. 27)
• 1974: "What Is Hip?", No. 91 (R&B No. 39)
• 1974: "Time Will Tell", No. 69 (R&B No. 27)
• 1974: "Don't Change Horses (in the Middle of a Stream)", No. 26 (R&B No. 22)
• 1976: "You Ought to Be Havin' Fun", No. 68 (R&B No. 62)

Videos and DVDs

• 1986: Credit (The band's only music video, to date)
• 2003: Tower of Power in Concert (1998, Live at Ohne Filter, after return of Garibaldi)
• 2007: Live from Leverkusen (2005 November Show)

Note: Over the years, there also have been many television performances of ToP aired though not released for sale. One worthy of mention took place in 1991, also part of the German TV live performance series Ohne Filter, Musik Pur, which included Tom Bowes (lead vocals) and the other then-current members.

See also

• Matthew Shell
• Lenny Williams

External links

• Official website
• Video clip from live performance of 'What is Hip' at 2006 Montreux Jazz Festival
• Tower of Power MySpace page
• Interview with Synthesis Magazine
• Horn Rock Heaven
• Tower of Power discography at deaddisc.com
• Tower of Power official website - alternate address
• Smooth Jazz Notes Interview and Photos of East Bay Soul(Catalina Island 2010)
• Smooth Jazz Notes Photos of East Bay Soul at Yoshi's, Oakland, CA 2010
• Lenny Williams 2012 Audio Interview at Soulinterviews.com