Unergative verb: Difference between revisions

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An unergative verb is an intransitive verb (which is not unaccusative)^[1] distinguished semantically by having an agent argument, or that treats the argument like the ergative argument of a transitive verb. For example, in English, run, talk and resign are unergative verbs (while fall and die are unaccusative)as they take an object I run the marathon; He can talk the hind legs of a donkey and I resigned my job, in which none of the objects are actually affected by the verb.

Some languages treat unergative verbs distinctly from other intransitives in morphosyntactical terms. For example, in some Romance languages these verbs use different auxiliaries when forming the compound tenses. See the article on unaccusative verbs for details.

Besides the above, unergative verbs differ from unaccusative verbs in the fact that, in some languages, they can be passivized to a limited extent.

In Dutch for example, unergatives take hebben (to have) in the perfect tenses:

Ik telefoneer - ik heb getelefoneerd.

"I call (by phone). - I have called."

In such cases a transition to an impersonal passive construction is possible using the adverb er (that functions as a dummy subject) and the passive auxiliary worden

Er wordt door Jan getelefoneerd.

"*There is by Jan telephoned." (i. e. "A telephone call by Jan is going on.")

By contrast, ergative verbs take zijn (to be) in the perfect tenses.

Het vet stolt - het vet is gestold

"The grease solidifies - The grease has solidified."

In this case no passive construction with worden is possible. In other words, unergatives are truly intransitive, ergatives are not.

References

^ "Unergatives and Unaccusatives". Retrieved September 27, 2013.

Lexicon of Linguistics (Utrecht institute of Linguistics)

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 {{Merge to|Accusative verb|discuss=Talk:Accusative verb#Merge with Unergative verb|date=March 2013}}
-An '''unergative verb''' is an [[intransitive verb]] (which is not unaccusative)<ref>{{cite web|title=Unergatives and Unaccusatives|url=http://web.mit.edu/norvin/www/24.902/unaccusatives.html|accessdate=September 27, 2013}}</ref>  distinguished semantically by having an [[Agent (grammar)|agent]] [[argument (grammar)|argument]], or that treats the argument like the [[ergative case|ergative]] argument of a transitive verb.<!--in split-S systems--> For example, in English, ''run'', ''talk'' and ''resign'' are unergative verbs (while ''fall'' and ''die'' are [[Unaccusative verb|unaccusative]]).
+An '''unergative verb''' is an [[intransitive verb]] (which is not unaccusative)<ref>{{cite web|title=Unergatives and Unaccusatives|url=http://web.mit.edu/norvin/www/24.902/unaccusatives.html|accessdate=September 27, 2013}}</ref>  distinguished semantically by having an [[Agent (grammar)|agent]] [[argument (grammar)|argument]], or that treats the argument like the [[ergative case|ergative]] argument of a transitive verb.<!--in split-S systems--> For example, in English, ''run'', ''talk'' and ''resign'' are unergative verbs (while ''fall'' and ''die'' are [[Unaccusative verb|unaccusative]])as they take an object ''I run the marathon''; ''He can talk the hind legs of a donkey'' and ''I resigned my job'', in which none of the objects are actually affected by the verb.
 Some languages treat unergative verbs distinctly from other intransitives in [[morphosyntax|morphosyntactical]] terms. For example, in some [[Romance language]]s these verbs use different auxiliaries when forming the compound tenses. See the article on [[unaccusative verb]]s for details.

Revision as of 21:48, 15 February 2014

References

See also