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'''Stéphane Charbonnier''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁbɔnje|lang}}; 21 August 1967&nbsp;– 7 January 2015), known as '''Charb''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁb|}}), was a [[France|French]] [[Satire|satirical]] [[Caricature|caricaturist]] and [[journalist]]. He worked for several newspapers and magazines, joining ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'' in 1992 and becoming the magazine's editor in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |work=Encyclopédie Larousse |url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/St%C3%A9phane_Charbonnier_dit_Charb/184402 |title=Stéphane Charbonnier, dit Charb |language=French |accessdate=7 January 2015}}</ref> Charbonnier was a staunch French republican and militant atheist who described the newspaper as above all secular and atheist.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stéphane Charbonnier obituary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jan/13/stephane-charbonnier|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=13 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=REFILE-No rules, no regrets for French cartoonists in Mohammad storm|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/19/film-protests-charlie-idUSL5E8KJE6320120919|publisher=Reuters.|accessdate=20 January 2015}}</ref>
'''Stéphane Charbonnier''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁbɔnje|lang}}; 21 August 1967&nbsp;– 7 January 2015), known as '''Charb''' ({{IPA-fr|ʃaʁb|}}), was a [[France|French]] [[Satire|satirical]] [[Caricature|caricaturist]] and [[journalist]]. He worked for several newspapers and magazines, joining ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'' in 1992 and becoming the magazine's editor in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |work=Encyclopédie Larousse |url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/personnage/St%C3%A9phane_Charbonnier_dit_Charb/184402 |title=Stéphane Charbonnier, dit Charb |language=French |accessdate=7 January 2015}}</ref> Charbonnier was a staunch French republican and militant atheist who described the newspaper as above all secular and atheist.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stéphane Charbonnier obituary|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jan/13/stephane-charbonnier|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=13 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=REFILE-No rules, no regrets for French cartoonists in Mohammad storm|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/19/film-protests-charlie-idUSL5E8KJE6320120919|publisher=Reuters.|accessdate=20 January 2015}}</ref>


Due to the publication of Muhammed cartoons in ''Charlie Hebdo'' Charb became subject to death threats from Islamists. From the time of the magazine was firebombed in 2011 he lived under police protection. He was murdered in the [[Charlie Hebdo shooting|''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting]] in January 2015.<ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2015/01/07/97001-20150107FILWWW00188--charlie-hebdo-les-dessinateurs-cabu-charb-tignous-et-wolinski-sont-morts.php Charlie Hebdo : les dessinateurs Cabu, Charb et Wolinski sont morts] ''[[Le Figaro]]''.</ref><ref name="econ_Char">{{Cite web
Due to the direct support to freedom of speech via ''Charlie Hebdo'', Charb became subject to death threats from Islamists. From the time of the magazine was firebombed in 2011 he lived under police protection. He was murdered in the [[Charlie Hebdo shooting|''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting]] in January 2015.<ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2015/01/07/97001-20150107FILWWW00188--charlie-hebdo-les-dessinateurs-cabu-charb-tignous-et-wolinski-sont-morts.php Charlie Hebdo : les dessinateurs Cabu, Charb et Wolinski sont morts] ''[[Le Figaro]]''.</ref><ref name="econ_Char">{{Cite web
| title = Obituary: Charb
| title = Obituary: Charb
| author =
| author =

Revision as of 22:56, 20 January 2015

Stéphane Charbonnier
Charb, 2 November 2011
Charb, 2 November 2011
BornStéphane Charbonnier
(1967-08-21)21 August 1967
Conflans-Sainte-Honorine, France
Died7 January 2015(2015-01-07) (aged 47)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
Area(s)cartoonist, journalist
Pseudonym(s)Charb
Charb in Strasbourg, 2009

Stéphane Charbonnier (French: [ʃaʁbɔnje]; 21 August 1967 – 7 January 2015), known as Charb ([ʃaʁb]), was a French satirical caricaturist and journalist. He worked for several newspapers and magazines, joining Charlie Hebdo in 1992 and becoming the magazine's editor in 2009.[1] Charbonnier was a staunch French republican and militant atheist who described the newspaper as above all secular and atheist.[2][3]

Due to the direct support to freedom of speech via Charlie Hebdo, Charb became subject to death threats from Islamists. From the time of the magazine was firebombed in 2011 he lived under police protection. He was murdered in the Charlie Hebdo shooting in January 2015.[4][5]

Early life and education

Born in Conflans-Sainte-Honorine and raised in Pontoise, he was the son of a father who worked as a technician the Postes, télégraphes et téléphones and a mother who worked as a secretary.[6] His grandparents owned a grocery store in Pontoise. His talent for drawing was discovered in school and he published his first drawings in Echo des collégiens at the age of 14. He continued to draw while studying at Lycée Camille Pisarro.[7]

Career

In the late 1980s he started working as a cartoonist, including for the newspaper Les Nouvelles du Val-d’Oise and a magazine for the cinema Utopia Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône.[7]

Charb later worked for among others L'Écho des savanes, Télérama, and L'Humanité.[8] He joined Charlie Hebdo in 1992 and was its editor-in-chief from 2009 until his death on 7 January 2015.[9]

Charb's comic strip Maurice et Patapon arose from the trial of Maurice Papon, a French Nazi, who was convicted of crimes against humanity for his participation in the deportation of more than 1,600 Jews to concentration camps during World War II, when Papon was secretary general for police in Bordeaux. In the cartoon, Maurice is a dog – described by the newspaper Libération as leftist, pacifist, outgoing and omnisexual, while the cat Patapon is conservative, violent, asexual and perverse. Libération described the series as philosophical and scatalogical.[6] Charb drew the character "Marcel Keuf, le flic" ("Marcel Pig, the cop") in Fluide Glacial.[10] Charb's column in Charlie Hebdo was titled "Charb n'aime pas les gens" ("Charb does not like people"). One of his regular pieces was the monthly La fatwa de l'Ayatollah Charb (The Fatwa of the Ayatollah Charb) in Fluide Glacial.[citation needed]

In 2007 and 2008, he was a set cartoonist on the talk show T'empêches tout le monde de dormir on M6.[11] He was a long-time supporter of the French Communist Party.[12]

2011 bomb attack and subsequent threats

On 2 November 2011, Charlie Hebdo was firebombed just before its 3 November issue was due; the issue was called Charia Hebdo and satirically featured the Islamic prophet, Muhammad as guest-editor.[13][14] Charb and two co-workers at Charlie Hebdo subsequently received police protection.[15]

In September 2012, a man was arrested in La Rochelle for allegedly having called for the beheading of Charb on a Jihadist website.[16]

In a 2012 interview Charb was quoted as saying, "I am not afraid of reprisals, I have no children, no wife, no car, no debt. It might sound a bit pompous, but I'd prefer to die on my feet than to live on my knees."[17]

Al-Qaeda put Charb on their "most-wanted list" in 2013[18][19] after he edited an edition of Charlie Hebdo that satirised radical Mohammedans.[20] Also on the list was Lars Vilks, as well as three Jyllands-Posten staff members: Kurt Westergaard (whose cartoons Charlie Hebdo had published), Carsten Juste, and Flemming Rose.[18][19][21]

On the week of the Charlie Hebdo shooting, a Charb illustration in the current issue observed that there had not been any terrorist attacks in France, with a caricatured armed jihadist fighter turning a customary French phrase to malicious use: "Wait! ... we still have until the end of January to present our wishes" — a reference to the French tradition of offering New Year's greetings until the end of January.[22][23]

Belief

Charbonnier adhered French republican values, was an atheist, pacifist and had Communist leanings in politics.[24][25][26]

Death

Charb was killed, with seven of his colleagues, two police officers and two other people on 7 January 2015 when a pair of gunmen stormed the Charlie Hebdo newspaper offices in Paris.[27][28] One of the police officers killed, Franck Brinsolaro, was Charb's bodyguard.[29]

The funeral was held in Pontoise and included speeches by Luz, Patrick Pelloux, Jean-Luc Mélenchon and Pierre Laurent. The government ministers Christiane Taubira, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem and Fleur Pellerin also attended the funeral.[30]

Personal life

Jeannette Bougrab, a human rights lawyer and former Minister for Youth and Community Life, indicated after his death that she had been Charb's life partner.[31][32][33] His family dispute this, and in a statement issued by his brother on 10 January 2015, denied the existence of any "interpersonal commitment" between Charb and Jeannette Bougrab.[34]

Publications

Charb 2000 MRAP anti-racism campaign poster (translation: "I would hire you, but I don't like the color of ... uh ... your tie!")

References

  1. ^ "Stéphane Charbonnier, dit Charb". Encyclopédie Larousse (in French). Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  2. ^ "Stéphane Charbonnier obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  3. ^ "REFILE-No rules, no regrets for French cartoonists in Mohammad storm". Reuters. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  4. ^ Charlie Hebdo : les dessinateurs Cabu, Charb et Wolinski sont morts Le Figaro.
  5. ^ "Obituary: Charb". The Economist. Jan 17, 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-18. Stéphane Charbonnier ("Charb"), cartoonist and editor of Charlie Hebdo, was murdered on January 7th, aged 47
  6. ^ a b Luc Le Vaillant (20 May 2009) Charb. Charlie en jeune Libération
  7. ^ a b Pauline Conradsson and Marie Persidat (7 January 2015) Attentat à Charlie Hebdo : Pontoise pleure Charb Template:Fr icon Le Parisien.
  8. ^ Olivier Delcroix (7 January 2015) Charb, insolent volontaire Template:Fr icon Le Figaro.
  9. ^ "Who were the victims of the Paris terror attack?". The Local. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  10. ^ Fabien Deglise (8 January 2015) Mort au combat Template:Fr icon Le Devoir
  11. ^ Mort de Cabu, Charb, Tignous et Wolinski : qui étaient ces dessinateurs ? Template:Fr icon Planet.fr. 7 January 2015
  12. ^ S. Z., « Le soutien des intellectuels divise la gauche de la gauche », Le Monde, 4 June 2009, p. 11.
  13. ^ Stefan Simons (20 September 2012). "'Charlie Hebdo' Editor in Chief: 'A Drawing Has Never Killed Anyone'". Spiegel Online.
  14. ^ Anaëlle Grondin (7 January 2015) «Charlie Hebdo»: Charb, le directeur de la publication du journal satirique, a été assassiné Template:Fr icon 20 Minutes; accessed 7 January 2015.
  15. ^ Trois «Charlie» sous protection policière Template:Fr icon Libération, 3 November 2011.
  16. ^ Un homme ayant appelé à décapiter le directeur de «Charlie Hebdo» interpellé Template:Fr icon 20 Minutes. 22 September 2014.
  17. ^ ""Charlie Hebdo": Charb, Cabu, Tignous et Wolinski morts dans la fusillade". lepoint.fr. 7 January 2015. Je n'ai pas peur des représailles. Je n'ai pas de gosses, pas de femme, pas de voiture, pas de crédit. Ça fait sûrement un peu pompeux, mais je préfère mourir debout que vivre à genoux.
  18. ^ a b Conal Urquhart. "Paris Police Say 12 Dead After Shooting at Charlie Hebdo". Time. Retrieved 7 January 2015. Witnesses said that the gunmen had called out the names of individual from the magazine. French media report that Charb, the Charlie Hebdo cartoonist who was on al Qaeda most wanted list in 2013, was seriously injured.
  19. ^ a b Victoria Ward (7 January 2015). "Murdered Charlie Hebdo cartoonist was on al Qaeda wanted list". The Telegraph. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  20. ^ "French satirical paper Charlie Hebdo attacked in Paris". BBC News. 2 November 2011.
  21. ^ Dashiell Bennet (1 Mar 2013). "Look Who's on Al Qaeda's Most-Wanted List". The Wire.
  22. ^ "Le destin ... Le dernier dessin de Charb, apparemment tué dans l'attentat de #CharlieHebdo (via @AlexHervaud)". Twitter (in French). France: @AlexHervaud. 2 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "Charlie Hebdo: l'incroyable prémonition du dessinateur Charb". La Libre (in French). France: La Libre. 2 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ "Stéphane Charbonnier obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  25. ^ "Obituary Charb". The Economist. Retrieved 17 January 2015. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 9 (help)
  26. ^ "REFILE-No rules, no regrets for French cartoonists in Mohammad storm". Reuters. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
  27. ^ "Les dessinateurs Charb et Cabu seraient morts". L'Essentiel (in French). France: L'Essentiel. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2015. Le directeur de la publication et dessinateur satirique Charb (Stéphane Charbonnier) et Cabu seraient morts selon les informations du Point (via un tweet). Charb avait été annoncé gravement blessé selon plusieurs sources, que relayaient Le Monde et Le Figaro.
  28. ^ "EN DIRECT. Massacre chez "Charlie Hebdo": 12 morts, dont Charb et Cabu (LIVE. Massacre in "Charlie Hebdo": 12 dead, including Charb and Cabu)". Le Point.fr (in French). 7 January 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  29. ^ Attentat de Charlie Hebdo, l'un des policiers tués demeurait en Normandie; 7 January 2015.
  30. ^ Dernier hommage à Charb, ancien directeur de la publication de « Charlie Hebdo » Template:Fr icon Le Monde/AFP. 16 January 2015
  31. ^ Samuel Auffray, Ariane Kujawski, En Direct – Jeannette Bougrab, compagne de Charb: "ils méritent le Panthéon", BFM TV, 8 January 2015
  32. ^ Charlie Hebdo: Jeannette Bougrab, compagne de Charb: "Il a été exécuté", Sud-Ouest, 8 January 2015.
  33. ^ "Charlie Hebdo": Charb "mérite le Panthéon", selon Jeannette Bougrab, sa compagne, francetvinfo.fr, 8 January 2015.
  34. ^ La famille de Charb dément l'"engagement relationnel" du dessinateur avec Jeannette Bougrab, L'Express/AFP

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