Lablab: Difference between revisions

Hyacinth-beans, immature seeds, prepared
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	209 kJ (50 kcal)
Carbohydrates	9.2 g
Fat	0.27 g
Protein	2.95 g
Vitamins
Vitamins and minerals
Vitamins	Quantity %DV†
Thiamine (B1)	5% 0.056 mg
Riboflavin (B2)	7% 0.088 mg
Niacin (B3)	3% 0.48 mg
Folate (B9)	12% 47 μg
Vitamin C	6% 5.1 mg
Minerals	Quantity %DV†
Calcium	3% 41 mg
Iron	4% 0.76 mg
Magnesium	10% 42 mg
Manganese	9% 0.21 mg
Phosphorus	4% 49 mg
Potassium	9% 262 mg
Zinc	3% 0.38 mg
	Link to USDA Database entry; Cooked, boiled, drained, without salt
	†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.

Lablab
	fruit
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Genus:	Lablab
Species:	L. purpureus
Binomial name
	Lablab purpureus; (L.) Sweet
Synonyms
	Dolichos lablab L.; Dolichos purpureus L.; Lablab niger Medikus; Lablab lablab (L.) Lyons; Lablab vulgaris (L.) Savi; Vigna aristata Piper

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Lablab purpureus is a species of bean in the family Fabaceae. It is native to Africa and it is cultivated throughout the tropics for food.^[4] English language common names include hyacinth bean, bonavist bean/pea, dolichos bean, seim bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, bataw and Australian pea.^[5] It is the only species in the monotypic genus Lablab.^[4]^[6]

Description

The plant is variable due to extensive breeding in cultivation, but in general, they are annual or short-lived perennial vines. The wild species is perennial. The thick stems can reach six meters in length. The leaves are made up of three pointed leaflets each up to 15 centimeters long. They may be hairy on the undersides. The inflorescence is made up of racemes of many flowers. Some cultivars have white flowers, and others may have purplish or blue.^[4] The fruit is a legume pod variable in shape, size, and color. It is usually several centimeters long and bright purple to pale green.^[7] It contains up to four seeds. The seeds are white, brown, red, or black depending on the cultivar, sometimes with a white hilum. Wild plants have mottled seeds. The seed is about a centimeter long.^[4]

Uses

The hyacinth bean is an old domesticated pulse and multi-purpose crop.^[8]^[9]^[10] Due to seed availability of one forage cultivar (cv. Rongai), it is often grown as forage for livestock^[11] and as an ornamental plant.^[12] In addition, it is cited both as a medicinal plant and a poisonous plant.^[13]^[14]

The fruit and beans are edible if boiled well with several changes of the water.^[14] Otherwise, they are toxic due to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides, glycosides that are converted to hydrogen cyanide when consumed. Signs of poisoning include weakness, vomiting, dyspnea, twitching, stupor, and convulsions.^[14] It has been shown that there is a wide range of cyanogenic potential among the varieties.^[15]

The leaves are eaten raw or cooked like spinach.^[10] The flowers can be eaten raw or steamed. The root can be boiled or baked for food. The seeds are used to make tofu and tempeh.^[7]

In Maharashtra, a special spicy curry, known as vaala che birde (वालाचे बीरडे), is often used during fasting festivals during Shravan month.^{[citation needed]} In Karnataka, the hyacinth bean is made into curry (avarekalu saaru)(Template:Lang-kn), salad (avarekaalu usli), added to upma (avrekaalu uppittu), and as a flavoring to Akki rotti. Sometimes the outer peel of the seed is taken out and the inner soft part is used for a variety of dishes. This form is called hitakubele avarekalu, which means "pressed (hitaku) hyancinth bean, and a curry is made out of this deskinned beans known as 'Hitikida Avarekaalu Saaru"^{[citation needed]} In Telangana, the bean pods are cut into small pieces and cooked as spicy curry in Pongal festival season, along with bajra bread; it has been a very special delicacy for centuries.^{[citation needed]}

In Huế, Vietnam, hyacinth beans are the main ingredient of the dish chè đậu ván (Hyacinth Bean Sweet Soup).^[16]

In Kenya, the bean called 'Njahe' is popular among several communities, especially the Kikuyu tribe. It is thought to encourage lactation and has historically been the main dish for breastfeeding mothers.^[17] Beans are boiled and mashed with ripe and/or semi-ripe bananas, giving the dish a sweet taste. Today the production is in decline in eastern Africa.^[17]^[18] This is partly attributed to the fact that under colonial rule in Kenya, farmers were forced to give up their local bean in order to produce common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) for export.^[19]

Common names

Other common names include Tonga bean, papaya bean, poor man bean (Australia), Bounavista pea (Trinidad), and butter bean (Caribbean).^[20]

Subspecific classification

According to the British biologist and taxonomist Bernard Verdcourt,^[21] there are two cultivated subspecies of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet:

Lablab purpureus subsp. bengalensis (Jacq.) Verdc.

(Syn.: Dolichos bengalensis Jacq., Dolichos lablab subsp. bengalensis (Jacq.) Rivals, Lablab niger subsp. bengalensis (Jacq.) Cuf.) and

Lablab purpureus subsp. purpureus

in addition to one wild subspecies:

Lablab purpureus subsp. uncinatus

of which a special variant with lobed leaflets exists only in Namibia:

Lablab purpureus var. rhomboïdeus (Schinz).

Gallery

Foliage
Flowers
Seeds

References

^ Lablab purpureus at Multilingual taxonomic information from the University of Melbourne
^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.
^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Archived from the original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lablab purpureus. Tropical Forages.
^ Lablab purpureus L. (Sweet). University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.
^ Lablab purpureus, general information. University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.
^ ^a ^b Dolichos lablab. Floridata.
^ Smartt, John (1985). "Evolution of grain legumes. II. Old and new world pulses of lesser economic importance". Experimental Agriculture. 21 (3): 1–18. doi:10.1017/S0014479700012205.
^ Shivashankar, G.; Kulkarni, R. S. (1992). van der Maesen (ed.). Plant Resources of South-East Asia, No. 1, Pulses. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Pudoc. pp. 48–50. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |publicationplace= ignored (|publication-place= suggested) (help)
^ ^a ^b "PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa)".
^ Lablab purpureus. Grassland Species Profiles. Food and Agriculture Organization.
^ Lablab purpureus. Missouri Botanical Garden.
^ Lablab purpureus. Plants for a Future. Archived 2006-12-13 at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b ^c Dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureus). Poisonous Plants of North Carolina. North Carolina State University.
^ *Guretzki, Sebastian; Papenbrock, Jutta (2014). "Characterization of Lablab purpureus Regarding drought tolerance, trypsin inhibitor activity and cyanogenic potential for selection in breeding programmes". Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 200 (1): 24–35. doi:10.1111/jac.12043.
^ Vietnamese Food Team. "Hyacinth Bean Sweet Soup Recipe (Chè Đậu Ván)". vietnamesefood.com. Vietnamese Food. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
^ ^a ^b Maundu, Patrick M.; Ngugi, G. W.; Kabuye, Christine H. S. (1999). Traditional food plants of Kenya. National Museums of Kenya, English Press, Nairobi, Kenya.
^ Maass, Brigitte L.; Knox, Maggie R.; Venkatesha, S. C.; Angessa, Tefera Tolera; Ramme, Stefan; Pengelly, Bruce C. (2010). "Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet – a crop lost for Africa?". Tropical Plant Biology. 3 (3): 123–35. doi:10.1007/s12042-010-9046-1.
^ Robertson, Claire C. (1997). "Black, white, and red all over: Beans, women, and agricultural imperialism in twentieth-century Kenya". Agricultural History. 71 (3): 259–99.
^ The 25 Health Benefits of Lablab greenerald health, Thailand
^ *Verdcourt, Bernard (1970). "LablabAdans. In: Studies in the Leguminosae-Papilionoideae for the 'Flora of Tropical East Africa': III". Kew Bulletin. 24 (3): 409–11.

External links

Dolichos bean, Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet by the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
Avadhani, Ramesh (Spring 2006). "The Bangalore Beans". Mood Indico.
Lablab purpureus. JSTOR Global Plants.

[1] Lablab purpureus at Multilingual taxonomic information from the University of Melbourne

[FDADailyValues-2] United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 2024-03-27. Retrieved 2024-03-28.

[NationalAcademiesPotassium-3] National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Archived from the original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-06-21.

[tf-4] Lablab purpureus. Tropical Forages.

[bang-5] Lablab purpureus L. (Sweet). University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.

[6] Lablab purpureus, general information. University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India.

[fl-7] Dolichos lablab. Floridata.

[8] Smartt, John (1985). "Evolution of grain legumes. II. Old and new world pulses of lesser economic importance". Experimental Agriculture. 21 (3): 1–18. doi:10.1017/S0014479700012205.

[9] Shivashankar, G.; Kulkarni, R. S. (1992). van der Maesen (ed.). Plant Resources of South-East Asia, No. 1, Pulses. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Pudoc. pp. 48–50. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |publicationplace= ignored (|publication-place= suggested) (help)

[PROTA-10] "PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa)".

[11] Lablab purpureus. Grassland Species Profiles. Food and Agriculture Organization.

[12] Lablab purpureus. Missouri Botanical Garden.

[13] Lablab purpureus. Plants for a Future. Archived 2006-12-13 at the Wayback Machine

[nc-14] Dolichos lablab (Lablab purpureus). Poisonous Plants of North Carolina. North Carolina State University.

[15] *Guretzki, Sebastian; Papenbrock, Jutta (2014). "Characterization of Lablab purpureus Regarding drought tolerance, trypsin inhibitor activity and cyanogenic potential for selection in breeding programmes". Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 200 (1): 24–35. doi:10.1111/jac.12043.

[16] Vietnamese Food Team. "Hyacinth Bean Sweet Soup Recipe (Chè Đậu Ván)". vietnamesefood.com. Vietnamese Food. Retrieved 30 May 2015.

[Maundu-17] Maundu, Patrick M.; Ngugi, G. W.; Kabuye, Christine H. S. (1999). Traditional food plants of Kenya. National Museums of Kenya, English Press, Nairobi, Kenya.

[18] Maass, Brigitte L.; Knox, Maggie R.; Venkatesha, S. C.; Angessa, Tefera Tolera; Ramme, Stefan; Pengelly, Bruce C. (2010). "Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet – a crop lost for Africa?". Tropical Plant Biology. 3 (3): 123–35. doi:10.1007/s12042-010-9046-1.

[19] Robertson, Claire C. (1997). "Black, white, and red all over: Beans, women, and agricultural imperialism in twentieth-century Kenya". Agricultural History. 71 (3): 259–99.

[20] The 25 Health Benefits of Lablab greenerald health, Thailand

[21] *Verdcourt, Bernard (1970). "LablabAdans. In: Studies in the Leguminosae-Papilionoideae for the 'Flora of Tropical East Africa': III". Kew Bulletin. 24 (3): 409–11.

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@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 ==Uses==
-The hyacinth bean is an old domesticated pulse and multi-purpose crop.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smartt |first1=John |year=1985 |title= Evolution of grain legumes. II. Old and new world pulses of lesser economic importance. |journal=Experimental Agriculture |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1017/S0014479700012205}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Shivashankar |first1=G. |last2=Kulkarni |first2=R. S. |year=1992 |editor1-last= van der Maesen |title=Plant Resources of South-East Asia, No. 1, Pulses |publisher=Pudoc |publicationplace=Wageningen, The Netherlands |pages=48–50}}</ref><ref name=PROTA>{{cite web |title=PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) |url=http://www.prota4u.info/protav8.asp?h=M4&t=lablab,purpureus&p=Lablab+purpureus#Synonyms}}</ref> Due to seed availability of one forage cultivar (cv. Rongai), it is often grown as [[forage]] for [[livestock]]<ref>[http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/data/Pf000047.HTM ''Lablab purpureus''.] Grassland Species Profiles. [[Food and Agriculture Organization]].</ref> and as an [[ornamental plant]].<ref>[http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?code=A114 ''Lablab purpureus''.] [[Missouri Botanical Garden]].</ref> In addition, it is cited both as a [[medicinal plant]] and a [[poisonous plant]].<ref>[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Lablab+purpureus ''Lablab purpureus''.]{{dead link|date=October 2014}} [[Plants for a Future]].</ref><ref name=nc>[http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/poison/Dolicla.htm ''Dolichos lablab'' (''Lablab purpureus'').] Poisonous Plants of North Carolina. [[North Carolina State University]].</ref>
+The hyacinth bean is an old domesticated pulse and multi-purpose crop.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smartt |first1=John |year=1985 |title= Evolution of grain legumes. II. Old and new world pulses of lesser economic importance. |journal=Experimental Agriculture |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1017/S0014479700012205}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Shivashankar |first1=G. |last2=Kulkarni |first2=R. S. |year=1992 |editor1-last= van der Maesen |title=Plant Resources of South-East Asia, No. 1, Pulses |publisher=Pudoc |publicationplace=Wageningen, The Netherlands |pages=48–50}}</ref><ref name=PROTA>{{cite web |title=PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) |url=http://www.prota4u.info/protav8.asp?h=M4&t=lablab,purpureus&p=Lablab+purpureus#Synonyms}}</ref> Due to seed availability of one forage cultivar (cv. Rongai), it is often grown as [[forage]] for [[livestock]]<ref>[http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/data/Pf000047.HTM ''Lablab purpureus''.] Grassland Species Profiles. [[Food and Agriculture Organization]].</ref> and as an [[ornamental plant]].<ref>[http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?code=A114 ''Lablab purpureus''.] [[Missouri Botanical Garden]].</ref> In addition, it is cited both as a [[medicinal plant]] and a [[poisonous plant]].<ref>[http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Lablab+purpureus ''Lablab purpureus''.] [[Plants for a Future]]. {{wayback|url=http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Lablab+purpureus |date=20061213090452 }}</ref><ref name=nc>[http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/poison/Dolicla.htm ''Dolichos lablab'' (''Lablab purpureus'').] Poisonous Plants of North Carolina. [[North Carolina State University]].</ref>
 The fruit and beans are edible if boiled well with several changes of the water.<ref name=nc/> Otherwise, they are toxic due to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides, [[glycoside]]s that are converted to [[hydrogen cyanide]] when consumed. Signs of poisoning include weakness, vomiting, [[dyspnea]], twitching, [[stupor]], and [[convulsion]]s.<ref name=nc/> It has been shown that there is a wide range of cyanogenic potential among the varieties.<ref>*{{cite journal | last1=Guretzki |first1=Sebastian | last2=Papenbrock |first2=Jutta |year=2014 |title= Characterization of ''Lablab purpureus'' Regarding drought tolerance, trypsin inhibitor activity and cyanogenic potential for selection in breeding programmes. |journal=Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science |volume=200 |issue=1 |pages=24–35 |doi=10.1111/jac.12043 }}</ref>