The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald

"The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald"
Song
B-side	"The House You Live In"

"The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" is a song written, composed, and performed by Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot to commemorate the sinking of the bulk carrier SS Edmund Fitzgerald on Lake Superior on November 10, 1975. Lightfoot drew his inspiration from Newsweek's article on the event, "The Cruelest Month," which it published in its November 24, 1975, issue. Lightfoot considers this song to be his finest work.

The ballad originally appeared on Lightfoot's 1976 album Summertime Dream, and he later released it as a single. The release hit #1 in his native Canada (on the RPM national singles survey) on November 20, 1976, almost exactly one year after the appearance of the article that inspired it.

In the United States, the single hit #1 in Cashbox and #2 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, making it Lightfoot's second-most-successful single behind "Sundown". "Edmund Fitzgerald" peaked at #40 in the UK Singles Chart.

The song (in the U.S.) actually reached the #3 position 1 year to the week of the Fitzgerald's tragedy and then #2 the following week, a week which included Gordon's 38th birthday on 11/17/1976. However, for 2 weeks it was unable to unseat Rod Stewart's "Tonight's The Night" from the #1 spot.

The song is written in Mixolydian mode.

Artistic license

The song contains a few artistic omissions and paraphrases. In a later interview aired on Canadian commercial radio, Lightfoot recounted how he had agonised while trying to pen the lyrics over possible inaccuracies until Lenny Waronker, his long-time producer and friend, finally removed his writer's block simply by advising him to play to his artistic strengths and "just tell a story". On the other hand, Lightfoot's personal passion for recreational sailing on the Great Lakes informs his ballad's verses throughout.

• According to the song, the Fitzgerald was bound "fully loaded for Cleveland". In fact she was heading for Detroit, there to discharge her cargo of taconite iron ore pellets before docking in Cleveland for the winter.
• Capt. Ernest McSorley had stated in his last radio transmission before the boat sank that they were "holding our own." What the cook or any other crew member did or did not say will never be known.
• The "old cook" in the song was actually a replacement for this particular voyage, as the normal cook was too ill to make this trip.
• Lightfoot refers to Mariners' Church of Detroit as "The Maritime Sailors' Cathedral" in the lyrics.
• Lightfoot says that the bell was rung 29 times, once for each crew member aboard the ship. Internet sources often incorrectly claim that the bell was also rung once more in honour of all people who had lost their lives at sea, for a total of 30 times. Reverend Richard W. Ingalls, Sr., rector of Mariners' Church, tolled the bell 29 times, not 30. The practice of tolling a bell an additional time for all lives lost at sea began in November 10 memorial services following 1975.
• In a later live recording, Lightfoot recounts that a parishioner of the church informed him that the church is not "musty." From that time, instead of singing "In a musty old hall...", he now sings "In a rustic old hall..."
• In March 2010, Lightfoot changed a line during live performances to reflect new findings that there was no crew error involved in the sinking. The line originally read, "At 7 p.m. a main hatchway caved in; he said..."; it is now sung as "At 7 p.m. it grew dark, it was then he said...". Lightfoot learned of the new research when contacted for permission to use his song for a History Channel documentary that aired on March 31, 2010. Lightfoot has stated that he has no intention of changing the copyrighted lyrics; he will instead, from now on, simply sing the new ones in live performances.

Chart performance

Chart (1976)	Peak position
Australian Kent Music Report	46
Canadian RPM Top Singles	1
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary Tracks	1
Canadian RPM Country Tracks	1
U.S. Billboard Hot 100	2
U.S. Billboard Easy Listening	9
U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles	50

Production

The song was recorded in December 1975 at Eastern Sound , a recording studio at 48 Yorkville Avenue in downtown Toronto, Canada. The famous studio was later torn down and replaced by a parking lot.

Tracking was done on a prototype 3M 32 track reel-to-reel digital recorder, a novel technology for that time. Pee Wee Charles and Terry Clements came up with "the haunting guitar and steel riffs" on a "second take" in the evening.

Derivative works

In 1983, filk music artist Julia Ecklar used Lightfoot's melody to compose a filksong about the abortive Apollo 13 lunar space mission. Titled "The Ballad of Apollo XIII," it was included on the album Minus Ten and Counting, a compilation of songs about space exploration.

The Canadian art-rock group The Rheostatics recorded a version of Lightfoot's "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" for release on their 1991 album Melville.

In 1995, two decades after Lightfoot's original song was written, singer-songwriter Camille West recorded a parody song with a similar rhythm titled "The Nervous Wreck of Edna Fitzgerald," about a well-to-do family's disastrous day at sea. She recorded and released it on her album Mother Tongue (subtitled "Maternal Madness, Month by Month") that year. Ten years later, after she had joined the band Four Bitchin' Babes, she and the band performed the song live, prefacing it with the comment, "With apologies to Gordon Lightfoot." It was included on their album of that year, Gabby Road.

For the Due South episode Mountie on the Bounty, first aired in 1998, the executive producer Paul Gross wanted to use "The Wreck of the Edmund Fizgerald" in the show. Lightfoot agreed, but only if Gross gained approval from the families of all the men who lost their lives in the wreck. Gross and Jay Semko instead created a song about a fictional shipwreck on the Great Lakes - "32 Down on the Robert McKenzie"

The Dandy Warhols released a cover titled "The Wreck" on their album The Black Album/Come On Feel the Dandy Warhols.

NRBQ frequently performed "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" live, though in a less than serious manner. Video shows vocalist Terry Adams, reading from a lyrics sheet, chuckling as his voice cracks, while audience members throw debris at the stage. They did this to mock the song, not as a serious cover version

In 2011 a cover titled "Witch of November" was released by Larson Seibold Project, a side-project of Kurt Harland Larson of Information Society and Steven Seibold of Hate Dept.

The song "Back Home in Derry," written by Bobby Sands and performed by Christy Moore, borrows the tune of "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald."

Electronic-ambient musician Phil Western composed a 72-minute track, "Twenty Six Thousand", around an overlapped, processed sample of the line "with a load of iron ore twenty-six thousand tons more" from the song. A 7-minute excerpt of the track appears on the Frozen Rabbit release "26,000".

See also

• Canadian rock
• Music of Canada

External links

• Template:MetroLyrics song