Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht: Difference between revisions
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.kdc.kun.nl/geschiedenis/vicarissen.html Apostolisch vicarissen van de Hollandse Zending] {{nl icon}} |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070805192352/http://www.kdc.kun.nl/geschiedenis/vicarissen.html Apostolisch vicarissen van de Hollandse Zending] {{nl icon}} |
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*{{cite web|location=|publisher=|website=PaulBuddeHistory.com|last=Budde|first=Paul|title=Hamaland, Bishopric (Sticht) Utrecht incl. Oversticht (Drente, Overijssel)|year=|url=http://paulbuddehistory.com/europe/bishopric-sticht-utrecht-incl-oversticht-drente-overijssel/|accessdate=2014-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118205554/http://paulbuddehistory.com/europe/bishopric-sticht-utrecht-incl-oversticht-drente-overijssel/|archivedate=2014-01-18|deadurl=no}} |
*{{cite web|location=|publisher=|website=PaulBuddeHistory.com|last=Budde|first=Paul|title=Hamaland, Bishopric (Sticht) Utrecht incl. Oversticht (Drente, Overijssel)|year=|url=http://paulbuddehistory.com/europe/bishopric-sticht-utrecht-incl-oversticht-drente-overijssel/|accessdate=2014-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118205554/http://paulbuddehistory.com/europe/bishopric-sticht-utrecht-incl-oversticht-drente-overijssel/|archivedate=2014-01-18|deadurl=no}} |
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Revision as of 04:08, 25 December 2016
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2014) |
Bishopric of Utrecht | |||||||||
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1024–1528 | |||||||||
![]() Bishopric of Utrecht c. 1350. Nedersticht is the smaller territory while Oversticht is the larger territory. | |||||||||
Status | State of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||
Capital | Utrecht | ||||||||
Common languages | Middle Dutch, Middle Low German | ||||||||
Religion | Catholic | ||||||||
Government | Principality | ||||||||
Prince-bishop | |||||||||
• (1024–1026)[a] | Adalbold II of Utrecht | ||||||||
• (1524–1528)[b] | Henry of the Palatinate | ||||||||
Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Lower Lotharingia divided from Lotharingia | 959 | ||||||||
• Established | 1024 | ||||||||
1075–1122 | |||||||||
1122 | |||||||||
1502–1543 | |||||||||
• Disestablished | 1528 | ||||||||
• Union of Utrecht signed | 1579 | ||||||||
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Today part of | ![]() |
The Bishopric of Utrecht (1024–1528) was a civil principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, in present Netherlands, which was ruled by the bishops of Utrecht as princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
From 1024 until 1528, it was one of the Prince-Bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire, constituting, in addition to its ecclesiastical aspect, a civil state within the Empire. In 1528, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, secularized its civil authority and territorial possessions.
History
Foundation
The Diocese of Utrecht was established in 695 when Saint Willibrord was consecrated bishop of the Frisians at Rome by Pope Sergius I. With the consent of the Frankish ruler, Pippin of Herstal, he settled in an old Roman fort in Utrecht. After Willibrord's death the diocese suffered greatly from the incursions of the Frisians,[citation needed] and later on of the Vikings. Whether Willibrord could be called the first bishop of Utrecht is doubtful; as James Palmer points out, "there was no real concept of a well-defined bishopric until at least the days of Alberic (775–84)". And while Saint Boniface is referred to in his hagiographies as the successor of Willibrord (and, in turn, Gregory of Utrecht is referred to as the successor to Willibrord and Boniface), this does not necessarily mean "successor as bishop", but rather that they succeeded each other as missionaries to the Frisians.[1]
Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht
Better times appeared during the reign of the Saxon emperors, who frequently summoned the Bishops of Utrecht to attend the imperial councils and diets. In 1024 the bishops were made Princes of the Holy Roman Empire and the new Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht was formed. The secular territory over which it ruled was known as Sticht Utrecht or Het Sticht (a sticht was any piece of land governed by a bishop or abbot). This territory was divided into the Nedersticht (Lower Sticht, roughly corresponding to the present day province of Utrecht) and Oversticht (Upper Sticht, encompassing the present-day provinces of Overijssel, Drenthe, and part of Groningen).
In 1122, with the Concordat of Worms, the Emperor's right of investiture was annulled, and the cathedral chapter received the right to elect the bishop. It was, however, soon obligated to share this right with the four other collegiate chapters in the city. The Counts of Holland and Guelders, between whose territories the lands of the Bishops of Utrecht lay, also sought to acquire influence over the filling of the episcopal see. This often led to disputes and consequently the Holy See frequently interfered in the election. After the middle of the 14th century the popes repeatedly appointed the bishop directly without regard to the five chapters.
It was part of the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
In 1527, the Bishop sold his territories, and thus his secular authority, to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the principality became an integral part of the Habsburg dominions. The chapters transferred their right of electing the bishop to Charles V and his government, a measure to which Pope Clement VII gave his consent, under political pressure after the Sacco di Roma.
Lordship of Utrecht
The Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht became the Lordship of Utrecht in 1528.
Prince-bishops
![]() | It has been suggested that portions of this section be split out into another article titled Archdiocese of Utrecht (695–1580). (Discuss) (July 2014) |
- Adalbold II (1010–1026)
- Bernold (1026/7–1054)
- William I (1054–1076)
- Conrad (1076–1099)
- Burchard (1100–1112)
- Godbald (1114–1127)
- Andreas van Cuijk (1127/8–1139)
- Hartbert (1139–1150)
- Herman van Horne (1151–1156)
- Godfrey van Rhenen (1156–1178)
- Baldwin II van Holland (1178–1196)
- Arnold I van Isenburg (1196–1197)
- Dirk I van Holland (1197)
- Dirk II van Are (van Ahr) (1197/8–1212)
- Otto I van Gelre (1212–1215)
- Otto II van Lippe (1216–1227)
- Wilbrand van Oldenburg (1227–1233)
- Otto III van Holland (1233–1249)
- Gozewijn van Amstel (van Randerath) (1249–1250)
- Henry I van Vianden (1250/2–1267)
- John I of Nassau (1267–1290)
- John II van Sierck (1290–1296)
- Willem II Berthout (1296–1301)
- Guy van Avennes (1301–1317)
- Frederik II van Sierck (1317–1322)
- Jacob van Oudshoorn (1322)
- Jan III van Diest (1322–1340)
- Jan IV van Arkel (1342–1364)
- Jan V van Virneburg (1364–1371)
- Arnold II of Horne (1371–1379)
- Floris van Wevelinkhoven (1379–1393)
- Frederik III van Blankenheim (1393–1423)
- Rudolf van Diepholt (1423–1455)
- Zweder van Culemborg (1425–1433)
- Walraven van Meurs (1434–1448)
- Gijsbrecht van Brederode (1455–1456)
- David of Burgundy (1456–1496)
- Frederick IV of Baden (1496–1517)
- Philip of Burgundy (1517–1524)
- Henry of the Palatinate (bishop) (1524–1529)
- Willem III van Enckenvoirt (1529–1534)
- George van Egmond (1534–1559)
Archbishops
- Frederik V Schenck van Toutenburg (1559–1580)
- Herman van Rennenberg (1580–1592) - unable to be enthroned due to Protestantism
- Jan van Bruhesen (1592–1600) - unable to be enthroned due to Protestantism
See also
- Dutch Mission
- Act of Abjuration
- Counter-Reformation
- Eighty Years' War
- Habsburg Netherlands
- History of religion in the Netherlands
Notes
References
![]() | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Dutch. (January 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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![]() | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (January 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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- ^ Palmer, James T. (2009). Anglo-Saxons in a Frankish World (690-900). Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 19. Turnhout: Brepols. pp. 163–66. ISBN 9782503519111.
Further reading
- Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul, eds. (1995). "Utrecht". International dictionary of historic places. Vol. 2. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 761. ISBN 188496401X.
- Gosses, Izaak H. (1909). "De Bisschop van Utrecht, het Domkapittel en de Groninger Prefect". Bijdragen voor vaderlandsche geschiedenis en oudheidkunde (in Dutch). ser.4 v.7. 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff: 25–135. OCLC 560305125. Retrieved 2014-09-15.
External links
- Apostolisch vicarissen van de Hollandse Zending Template:Nl icon
- Budde, Paul. "Hamaland, Bishopric (Sticht) Utrecht incl. Oversticht (Drente, Overijssel)". PaulBuddeHistory.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-18. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
{{cite web}}
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- Articles to be split from July 2014
- States and territories established in 1024
- States and territories disestablished in 1528
- Former polities in the Netherlands
- Bishops of Utrecht
- Prince-Bishops of the Low Countries
- Prince-Bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire
- Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle
- History of Utrecht (province)
- History of Overijssel
- History of Drenthe