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Coordinates: 40°51′18″N 73°55′44″W / 40.855°N 73.929°W / 40.855; -73.929
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The 191st Street station has two tracks and two [[side platform]]s. There are also covered pedestrian footbridges connecting the two platforms, so people on the footbridges cannot see the tracks and platforms (and vice versa).<ref name="nycsubway.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/IRT_West_Side_Line#191st_Street|title=IRT West Side Line: 191st Street|last=Pirmann|first=David|last2=Darlington|first2=Peggy|website=www.nycsubway.org|accessdate=2016-07-16}}</ref>
The 191st Street station has two tracks and two [[side platform]]s. There are also covered pedestrian footbridges connecting the two platforms, so people on the footbridges cannot see the tracks and platforms (and vice versa).<ref name="nycsubway.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/IRT_West_Side_Line#191st_Street|title=IRT West Side Line: 191st Street|last=Pirmann|first=David|last2=Darlington|first2=Peggy|website=www.nycsubway.org|accessdate=2016-07-16}}</ref>


At approximately {{convert|180|ft|m}} below street level, it is the deepest station in the New York City Subway system.<ref name="MTA subway facts">{{cite web|title=Subway facts|url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffsubway.htm|website=mta.info|publisher=MTA|accessdate=30 March 2017}}</ref> In 1947, [[Victor Hess]], who won the 1936 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for his discovery of [[cosmic rays]], wrote to the [[New York City Board of Transportation|Board of Transportation]] asking if he could use the station "to carry out experiments on the radiation emitted from rocks at a location well protected from cosmic rays."<ref name="Hess letter">{{cite web|last1=Bederson|first1=Benjamin|title=The Physical Tourist: Physics and New York City|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041230140845/http://www.bederson.org/bensr/nyc.pdf#page=16|accessdate=30 March 2017|format=Contains reproduction of Hess's letter}}</ref> Hess ultimately was allowed to conduct his experiments in the nearby [[190th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|190th Street station]] on the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]], which is also located far below ground.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brown|first1=Nicole|title=A train facts, figures and history of the Eighth Avenue, Fulton and Rockaway lines|url=http://www.amny.com/transit/a-train-facts-figures-and-history-of-the-eighth-avenue-fulton-and-rockaway-lines-1.12168565#5|accessdate=30 March 2017|publisher=AM New York|date=21 August 2016}}</ref> Despite the depth of the 191st Street station, the next station north, [[Dyckman Street (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|Dyckman Street]], is just above ground level. This is because 191st Street is at nearly the highest point on the island of Manhattan and this station is deep in the Washington Heights Mine Tunnel, while [[Dyckman Street]] runs along a deep valley almost at sea level and its station is at the tunnel portal, despite the fact that both stations are at the same elevation above sea level.
At approximately {{convert|180|ft|m}} below street level, it is the deepest station in the New York City Subway system.<ref name="MTA subway facts">{{cite web|title=Subway facts|url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ffsubway.htm|website=mta.info|publisher=MTA|accessdate=30 March 2017}}</ref> In 1947, [[Victor Hess]], who won the 1936 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for his discovery of [[cosmic rays]], wrote to the [[New York City Board of Transportation|Board of Transportation]] asking if he could use the station "to carry out experiments on the radiation emitted from rocks at a location well protected from cosmic rays."<ref name="Hess letter">{{cite web|last1=Bederson |first1=Benjamin |title=The Physical Tourist: Physics and New York City |url=http://www.bederson.org/bensr/nyc.pdf |accessdate=30 March 2017 |format=Contains reproduction of Hess's letter |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041230140845/http://www.bederson.org/bensr/nyc.pdf |archivedate=30 December 2004 |df= }}</ref> Hess ultimately was allowed to conduct his experiments in the nearby [[190th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|190th Street station]] on the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]], which is also located far below ground.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Brown|first1=Nicole|title=A train facts, figures and history of the Eighth Avenue, Fulton and Rockaway lines|url=http://www.amny.com/transit/a-train-facts-figures-and-history-of-the-eighth-avenue-fulton-and-rockaway-lines-1.12168565#5|accessdate=30 March 2017|publisher=AM New York|date=21 August 2016}}</ref> Despite the depth of the 191st Street station, the next station north, [[Dyckman Street (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)|Dyckman Street]], is just above ground level. This is because 191st Street is at nearly the highest point on the island of Manhattan and this station is deep in the Washington Heights Mine Tunnel, while [[Dyckman Street]] runs along a deep valley almost at sea level and its station is at the tunnel portal, despite the fact that both stations are at the same elevation above sea level.


In 1981, the [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority|MTA]] listed the 191st Street station among the 69 most deteriorated stations in the subway system.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gargan|first1=Edward A.|title=Agency Lists Its 69 Most Deteriorated Subway Stations|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/11/nyregion/agency-lists-its-69-most-deteriorated-subway-stations.html|accessdate=13 August 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 11, 1981}}</ref> The station was completely renovated in 2003–2004 by the [[New York City Transit Authority]]. All of the deteriorating tiles and mosaics were replaced with exact reproductions of the originals made by Serpentile, a company that does reproductions of original subway motifs. The tiles are all unglazed porcelain a half inch wide. Each of the 72 columns had to be plastered and prepared for four-sided mosaics that wrap around each one. There are 72 vertical panels, and over 3500 linear feet of mosaics. New York City Transit construction crews did all of the tile and installation work. The station is also home to a mosaic tile piece of art titled ''Primavera'' by Raul Colon, accessible from the St. Nicholas Ave entrance to the station, or via the access tunnel on Broadway Ave.
In 1981, the [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority|MTA]] listed the 191st Street station among the 69 most deteriorated stations in the subway system.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gargan|first1=Edward A.|title=Agency Lists Its 69 Most Deteriorated Subway Stations|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/06/11/nyregion/agency-lists-its-69-most-deteriorated-subway-stations.html|accessdate=13 August 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 11, 1981}}</ref> The station was completely renovated in 2003–2004 by the [[New York City Transit Authority]]. All of the deteriorating tiles and mosaics were replaced with exact reproductions of the originals made by Serpentile, a company that does reproductions of original subway motifs. The tiles are all unglazed porcelain a half inch wide. Each of the 72 columns had to be plastered and prepared for four-sided mosaics that wrap around each one. There are 72 vertical panels, and over 3500 linear feet of mosaics. New York City Transit construction crews did all of the tile and installation work. The station is also home to a mosaic tile piece of art titled ''Primavera'' by Raul Colon, accessible from the St. Nicholas Ave entrance to the station, or via the access tunnel on Broadway Ave.
Line 111: Line 111:
** [http://www.bellebenfield.com/newyorkrollercoaster/ny1.htm New York is a Rollercoaster] (about the ''NY is a Rollercoaster'' artwork)
** [http://www.bellebenfield.com/newyorkrollercoaster/ny1.htm New York is a Rollercoaster] (about the ''NY is a Rollercoaster'' artwork)
** [http://www.davidemmanuelnoelart.net/#!art-and-community/cdzq David Emmanuel Noel work with Belle Benfield/Chris Beck]
** [http://www.davidemmanuelnoelart.net/#!art-and-community/cdzq David Emmanuel Noel work with Belle Benfield/Chris Beck]
* Station Reporter – [http://www.stationreporter.net/1train.htm 1 Train]
* Station Reporter – [https://web.archive.org/web/20141010102251/http://www.stationreporter.net/1train.htm 1 Train]
* The Subway Nut – [http://www.subwaynut.com/irt/191n1/index.php 191st Street Pictures (before renovation of station)]
* The Subway Nut – [http://www.subwaynut.com/irt/191n1/index.php 191st Street Pictures (before renovation of station)]
* MTA's Arts For Transit – [http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=1&station=3&xdev=99 191st Street, RAÚL COLÓN, Primavera, 2003]
* MTA's Arts For Transit – [http://web.mta.info/mta/aft/permanentart/permart.html?agency=nyct&line=1&station=3&xdev=99 191st Street, RAÚL COLÓN, Primavera, 2003]

Revision as of 17:04, 14 June 2017

 191st Street
 "1" train
New York City Subway station (rapid transit)
Station statistics
AddressWest 191st Street & Saint Nicholas Avenue
New York, NY 10040
BoroughManhattan
LocaleWashington Heights
Coordinates40°51′18″N 73°55′44″W / 40.855°N 73.929°W / 40.855; -73.929
DivisionA (IRT)[1]
Line   IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line
Services   1 all times (all times)
TransitBus transport NYCT Bus: M3, M101
StructureUnderground
Depth180 feet (55 m)
Platforms2 side platforms
Tracks2
Other information
OpenedJanuary 14, 1911 (113 years ago) (1911-01-14)[2]
AccessibleThe mezzanine is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, but the platforms are not compliant ADA-accessible to mezzanine only; platforms are not ADA-accessible
Opposite-
direction
transfer		Yes
Traffic
20231,682,168[3] Increase 9.7%
Rank191 out of 423[3]
Station succession
Next northTemplate:NYCS next
Next southTemplate:NYCS next
Location
191st Street station is located in New York City Subway
191st Street station
191st Street station is located in New York City
191st Street station
191st Street station is located in New York
191st Street station
Street map

Map

Station service legend
Symbol Description
Stops all times Stops all times

191st Street is a station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of St. Nicholas Avenue and 191st Street in Manhattan, it is served by the 1 train at all times.

History

Track layout
Legend
to Dyckman St
to 181 St

The West Side Branch of the first subway was extended northward to a temporary terminus of 221st Street and Broadway on March 12, 1906 with the station at 191st Street not yet open.[5][6][7] The elevators and other work had not yet been completed, and 191st Street did not open to the public until January 14, 1911.[2][8]

In 1948, platforms on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line from 103rd Street to 238th Street were lengthened to 514 feet to allow full ten-car express trains to platform. Previously the stations could only platform six car local trains. The platform extensions were opened in stages. On April 6, 1948, the stations from 103rd Street to Dyckman Street had their platform extensions opened, with the exception of the 125th Street, which had its extension opened on June 11, 1948.[9][10]

Station layout

G Street level Exit/Entrance
Bank of elevators in northern exit. Note: Platforms not accessible
M Mezzanine Fare control, station agent
P
Platform level 		Side platform, doors open on the right
Northbound ← "1" train toward Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street (Dyckman Street)
Southbound → "1" train toward South Ferry (181st Street) →
Side platform, doors open on the right

The 191st Street station has two tracks and two side platforms. There are also covered pedestrian footbridges connecting the two platforms, so people on the footbridges cannot see the tracks and platforms (and vice versa).[11]

At approximately 180 feet (55 m) below street level, it is the deepest station in the New York City Subway system.[12] In 1947, Victor Hess, who won the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of cosmic rays, wrote to the Board of Transportation asking if he could use the station "to carry out experiments on the radiation emitted from rocks at a location well protected from cosmic rays."[13] Hess ultimately was allowed to conduct his experiments in the nearby 190th Street station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line, which is also located far below ground.[14] Despite the depth of the 191st Street station, the next station north, Dyckman Street, is just above ground level. This is because 191st Street is at nearly the highest point on the island of Manhattan and this station is deep in the Washington Heights Mine Tunnel, while Dyckman Street runs along a deep valley almost at sea level and its station is at the tunnel portal, despite the fact that both stations are at the same elevation above sea level.

In 1981, the MTA listed the 191st Street station among the 69 most deteriorated stations in the subway system.[15] The station was completely renovated in 2003–2004 by the New York City Transit Authority. All of the deteriorating tiles and mosaics were replaced with exact reproductions of the originals made by Serpentile, a company that does reproductions of original subway motifs. The tiles are all unglazed porcelain a half inch wide. Each of the 72 columns had to be plastered and prepared for four-sided mosaics that wrap around each one. There are 72 vertical panels, and over 3500 linear feet of mosaics. New York City Transit construction crews did all of the tile and installation work. The station is also home to a mosaic tile piece of art titled Primavera by Raul Colon, accessible from the St. Nicholas Ave entrance to the station, or via the access tunnel on Broadway Ave.

Exits

There are two entrances/exits from this station via the same fare control. The main entrance/exit at the southwest corner of 191st Street and St. Nicholas Avenue is at the summit of a hill and accessible only by a set of four elevators.[16] The elevators to the platforms still utilize elevator operators, and the station is one of the only stations in the system to do so.[17] The other entrance/exit, at 190th Street and Broadway, is at a hillside and accessed via a three-block long passageway, which passes under Wadsworth Terrace and Avenue.[16][18]

Passageway

  • Entrance at 190th Street (2005)
    Entrance at 190th Street (2005)
  • Artwork (2013)
    Artwork (2013)
  • New artwork (2015)
    New artwork (2015)

The 900-foot-long (270 m)* passageway between the station's Broadway entrance and the station itself is not maintained by the MTA, despite being marked as a subway entrance. It is a property of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation and is officially called "Tunnel Street." The tunnel is also used as a connector between western and eastern Washington Heights;[18] passengers using the other entrance, at 191st Street and St. Nicholas Avenue, need to take an elevator to access the station due to that intersection's height, and the elevators at that entrance are considered a convenient way to traverse the neighborhood without walking up a hill.[17]

In the early 1990s, as the city's crime rates reached an all-time high, the station was considered very dangerous, with 11 crimes having taken place there in the year 1990, many of which were suspected to happen in the tunnel. The tunnel was dimly lit, covered with graffiti, and strewn with garbage at the time.[18] In September 2014, improvements started on the tunnel, which area residents had complained about. The tunnel, which had graffiti and illegal bicycle riding, was slated to get several murals and some new LED lighting.[19]

The passageway has been painted with murals since the late 2000s, in an effort to beautify the tunnel. In 2008, a mural was painted on the passageway leading up from Broadway to the station, as part of the Groundswell Community Mural Project. The mural was called "New York is a Rollercoaster".[20] It was later vandalized, and in May 2015, it was painted over.[21] Since then, the passageway's artwork has consisted of five murals. As part of a tunnel beautification program, the New York City Department of Transportation chose four artists and one team of artists, out of an applicant pool of 150. Each were chosen to paint a 200 feet (61 m) section of the tunnel. From the Broadway entrance to the station fare control, the artworks are Queen Andrea's "Prismatic Power Phrases"; Jessie Unterhalter and Katey Truhn's "Caterpillar Time Travel"; Cekis's "It's Like A Jungle/Aveces Es Como Una Jungle"; Nick Kuszy]'s "Warp Zone"; and Cope2's "Art is Life". For $15,000 each, the artists worked for over a week on their art.[22][21]

  • The pedestrian tunnel before artwork was installed (2014)
    The pedestrian tunnel before artwork was installed (2014)
  • (2015)
    (2015)
  • plants
    plants
  • "Big City Dreams"
    "Big City Dreams"
  • "Bright Light, Big City"
    "Bright Light, Big City"
  • "Pow!"
    "Pow!"

References

  1. ^ "Glossary". Second Avenue Subway Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (SDEIS) (PDF). Vol. 1. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 4, 2003. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 26, 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  2. ^ a b New York Times, untitled, January 22, 1911, page X11
  3. ^ a b "Annual Subway Ridership (2018–2023)". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
  4. ^ "Facts and Figures: Annual Subway Ridership". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
  5. ^ New York Times, Farthest North in Town by the Interborough, January 14, 1907, page 18
  6. ^ District, New York (State) Public Service Commission First (1913-01-01). Report of the Public Service Commission for the First District of the State of New York. J.B. Lyon Company.
  7. ^ New York Times, New Subway Station Open, April 15, 1906, page 1
  8. ^ District, New York (State) Public Service Commission 1st (1912-01-01). Report of the Public Service Commission for the First District of the State of New York. J.B. Lyon Company, printers.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Report for the three and one-half years ending June 30, 1949. New York City Board of Transportation. 1949.
  10. ^ "More Long Platforms – Five Subway Stations on IRT to Accommodate 10-Car Trains". The New York Times. 1948-07-10. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
  11. ^ Pirmann, David; Darlington, Peggy. "IRT West Side Line: 191st Street". www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved 2016-07-16.
  12. ^ "Subway facts". mta.info. MTA. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  13. ^ Bederson, Benjamin. "The Physical Tourist: Physics and New York City" (PDF). Archived from the original (Contains reproduction of Hess's letter) on 30 December 2004. Retrieved 30 March 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Brown, Nicole (21 August 2016). "A train facts, figures and history of the Eighth Avenue, Fulton and Rockaway lines". AM New York. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  15. ^ Gargan, Edward A. (June 11, 1981). "Agency Lists Its 69 Most Deteriorated Subway Stations". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  16. ^ a b "MTA Neighborhood Maps: Washington Heights" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
  17. ^ a b Grynbaum, Michael M. (April 28, 2011). "The Subway's Elevator Operators, a Reassuring Amenity of Another Era". New York Times. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  18. ^ a b c Kurtz, Josh (1991-08-12). "Washington Heights Journal; A Subway Passageway Just for the Courageous". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-07-30.
  19. ^ Lindsay Armstrong (2 September 2015). "Dark, Dirty 191st Street 1 Train Tunnel to Get Safety Improvements". DNA Info. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  20. ^ Belle Benfield. "New York is a Rollercoaster". Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  21. ^ a b Lindsay Armstrong (6 May 2015). "Top Street Artists Picked to Paint 191st Street 1 Train Tunnel". DNA Info. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
  22. ^ "Vivid Street Art Breathes Life Into 191st Street Subway Tunnel". Gothamist. 18 May 2015. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
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