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The first prototype, powered by a Derwent V engine, and [[aircraft registration|registered]] ''PH-NDY'', made its maiden flight on 19 May 1951, and despite being damaged when its undercarriage failed to extend on its second flight later the same day, was displayed at the [[Paris Air Show]] later that year.<ref name="AE p53-4">Uijthoven 2003, pp. 53–54.</ref><ref name="Donald world p439"/>
The first prototype, powered by a Derwent V engine, and [[aircraft registration|registered]] ''PH-NDY'', made its maiden flight on 19 May 1951, and despite being damaged when its undercarriage failed to extend on its second flight later the same day, was displayed at the [[Paris Air Show]] later that year.<ref name="AE p53-4">Uijthoven 2003, pp. 53–54.</ref><ref name="Donald world p439"/>
The Royal Netherlands Air Force placed an order for 20 S.14s, with the more powerful Rolls-Royce Derwent 8 engine.<ref name="LetLetLet Fokker S.14"/>{{#tag:ref|The Derwent 8, like the Derwent V, was based on a scaled-down [[Rolls Royce Nene]] and not on earlier [[Rolls Royce Derwent|Derwent]]s. It was a centrifugal flow design with nine combustion chambers and a single-stage turbine, with air flow rate of 62.84&nbsp;lb/s (28.50&nbsp;kg/s) delivering a peak thrust of 1,630&nbsp;[[kilopond|kp]] at 14,700&nbsp;rpm.<ref name="luftfahrtmuseum.com">http://www.luftfahrtmuseum.com/htmi/itf/rrderw8.htm</ref>|group=nb}} Fokker had great hopes for exporting the Machtrainer, with Brazil planning to build 50 [[Rolls-Royce Nene]] powered Machtrainers under licence.<ref name="AE p56">Uijthoven 2003, p. 56.</ref> The first prototype was refitted with a 5,100&nbsp;lb (22.7&nbsp;kN) Nene III engine, flying on 25 October 1953,<ref name="Flight 54 p68">Smith ''Flight'' 15 January 1954, p. 68.</ref> this increasing the Machtrainer's maximum speed to 831&nbsp;km.h (516&nbsp;mph).<ref name="Flight 54 p72"/> In addition, the [[United States|American]] aircraft manufacturer [[Fairchild Aircraft|Fairchild]], which later also built the [[Fokker F-27|Fokker Friendship]] under license, hoped to win an order for the aircraft from the [[United States Air Force]]. The Brazilian plans evaporated following political changes in Brazil, while Fairchild abandoned its production plans. Although several other countries also tested the aircraft, orders did not materialize.<ref name="AE p56-7">Uijthoven 2003, pp. 56–57.</ref>
The Royal Netherlands Air Force placed an order for 20 S.14s, with the more powerful Rolls-Royce Derwent 8 engine.<ref name="LetLetLet Fokker S.14"/>{{#tag:ref|The Derwent 8, like the Derwent V, was based on a scaled-down [[Rolls Royce Nene]] and not on earlier [[Rolls Royce Derwent|Derwent]]s. It was a centrifugal flow design with nine combustion chambers and a single-stage turbine, with air flow rate of 62.84&nbsp;lb/s (28.50&nbsp;kg/s) delivering a peak thrust of 1,630&nbsp;[[kilopond|kp]] at 14,700&nbsp;rpm.<ref name="luftfahrtmuseum.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.luftfahrtmuseum.com/htmi/itf/rrderw8.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-09-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908035428/http://www.luftfahrtmuseum.com/htmi/itf/rrderw8.htm |archivedate=2008-09-08 |df= }}</ref>|group=nb}} Fokker had great hopes for exporting the Machtrainer, with Brazil planning to build 50 [[Rolls-Royce Nene]] powered Machtrainers under licence.<ref name="AE p56">Uijthoven 2003, p. 56.</ref> The first prototype was refitted with a 5,100&nbsp;lb (22.7&nbsp;kN) Nene III engine, flying on 25 October 1953,<ref name="Flight 54 p68">Smith ''Flight'' 15 January 1954, p. 68.</ref> this increasing the Machtrainer's maximum speed to 831&nbsp;km.h (516&nbsp;mph).<ref name="Flight 54 p72"/> In addition, the [[United States|American]] aircraft manufacturer [[Fairchild Aircraft|Fairchild]], which later also built the [[Fokker F-27|Fokker Friendship]] under license, hoped to win an order for the aircraft from the [[United States Air Force]]. The Brazilian plans evaporated following political changes in Brazil, while Fairchild abandoned its production plans. Although several other countries also tested the aircraft, orders did not materialize.<ref name="AE p56-7">Uijthoven 2003, pp. 56–57.</ref>
Compared to other dedicated jet trainer designs of the same period such as the Fouga Magister, this aircraft had higher operational costs.
Compared to other dedicated jet trainer designs of the same period such as the Fouga Magister, this aircraft had higher operational costs.


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{{commons category|Fokker S.14 Machtrainer}}
{{commons category|Fokker S.14 Machtrainer}}
*[http://www.letletlet-warplanes.com/2008/06/15/fokker-s-14-machtrainer/ LetLetLet Fokker S.14 article published June 2008]
*[http://www.letletlet-warplanes.com/2008/06/15/fokker-s-14-machtrainer/ LetLetLet Fokker S.14 article published June 2008]
*[http://www.scramble.nl/wiki/index.php?title=Fokker_S-14 Data at scramble.nl Wiki]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061012233256/http://www.scramble.nl/wiki/index.php?title=Fokker_S-14 Data at scramble.nl Wiki]
*[http://www.mech.kuleuven.be/tme/museum/engines/jet/ Rolls Royce Derwent 8 picture]
*[http://www.mech.kuleuven.be/tme/museum/engines/jet/ Rolls Royce Derwent 8 picture]
*[http://www.luftfahrtmuseum.com/htmi/itf/rrderw8.htm Rolls Royce Derwent 8 specifications]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080908035428/http://www.luftfahrtmuseum.com/htmi/itf/rrderw8.htm Rolls Royce Derwent 8 specifications]
*[http://aircraftwalkaround.hobbyvista.com/machtrainer2/machtrainer2.htm Gallery of a photo walk around of museum S14]
*[http://aircraftwalkaround.hobbyvista.com/machtrainer2/machtrainer2.htm Gallery of a photo walk around of museum S14]
*[http://www.jetphotos.net/showphotos.php?aircraft=Fokker%20S.14%20Machtrainer Gallery of preserved S.14 at aviation museeums]
*[http://www.jetphotos.net/showphotos.php?aircraft=Fokker%20S.14%20Machtrainer Gallery of preserved S.14 at aviation museeums]
*[http://www.aviation-top-pics.com/Aviodome%20move%20page%204.htm Aviodome S.14 prototype images]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080705183411/http://www.aviation-top-pics.com/Aviodome%20move%20page%204.htm Aviodome S.14 prototype images]
*[http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?aircraft_genericsearch=Fokker%20S-14%20Machtrainer&distinct_entry=true Gallery of various S.14 outside]
*[http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?aircraft_genericsearch=Fokker%20S-14%20Machtrainer&distinct_entry=true Gallery of various S.14 outside]
*[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1954/1954%20-%200146.html "Fokker S.14 In The Air"] a 1954 ''Flight'' article on the S.14
*[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1954/1954%20-%200146.html "Fokker S.14 In The Air"] a 1954 ''Flight'' article on the S.14

Revision as of 03:34, 3 October 2017

S.14 Machtrainer
Machtrainer L-17
Role Jet Trainer
National origin Netherlands
Manufacturer Fokker
First flight 19 May 1951
Introduction 1955
Retired 1967
Primary user Royal Netherlands Air Force
Number built 21

The Fokker S-14 Machtrainer was a Dutch two-seater military training jet aircraft designed and manufactured by Fokker for the Royal Netherlands Air Force. Development started in the late 1940s, and it was one of the first jet fighter training aircraft in the world, making its first flight on 19 May 1951 and entering service in 1955.[1]

Design and development

Machtrainer L-11 in museum

In the late 1940s, the Dutch aircraft manufacturer, Fokker, realising that the increasing use of jet-powered fighters meant that existing piston-engined advanced trainers had insufficient performance, started design of a jet-engined advanced trainer, the S.14 Machtrainer. According to Harker[2] the idea for a Dutch jet trainer originated after Rolls-Royce approached Fokker with drawings for a Derwent-powered jet trainer. Rolls-Royce feared losing the large market for jet trainers to the Goblin-powered Vampire and, after an unsuccessful attempt to interest Miles Aircraft in producing a Derwent-powered competitor, approached Fokker. The S.14 was a low-winged monoplane of all-metal construction. In order to aid use in its role as a trainer, the crew of two sat side by side on Martin-Baker ejection seats, with room in the spacious cockpit for a third crew member, although this capability was never used. This gave a fairly wide fuselage. It had a retractable tricycle undercarriage, and was powered by a single Rolls-Royce Derwent engine mounted in the centre fuselage, fed from air inlets in the aircraft's nose. Three airbrakes were fitted to the rear fuselage.[3][4] The wing design and size allowed for the aircraft to land at much lower speeds than most jet aircraft at the time.

Machtrainer engine air inlet

The first prototype, powered by a Derwent V engine, and registered PH-NDY, made its maiden flight on 19 May 1951, and despite being damaged when its undercarriage failed to extend on its second flight later the same day, was displayed at the Paris Air Show later that year.[5][6]

The Royal Netherlands Air Force placed an order for 20 S.14s, with the more powerful Rolls-Royce Derwent 8 engine.[1][nb 1] Fokker had great hopes for exporting the Machtrainer, with Brazil planning to build 50 Rolls-Royce Nene powered Machtrainers under licence.[8] The first prototype was refitted with a 5,100 lb (22.7 kN) Nene III engine, flying on 25 October 1953,[9] this increasing the Machtrainer's maximum speed to 831 km.h (516 mph).[10] In addition, the American aircraft manufacturer Fairchild, which later also built the Fokker Friendship under license, hoped to win an order for the aircraft from the United States Air Force. The Brazilian plans evaporated following political changes in Brazil, while Fairchild abandoned its production plans. Although several other countries also tested the aircraft, orders did not materialize.[11] Compared to other dedicated jet trainer designs of the same period such as the Fouga Magister, this aircraft had higher operational costs.

Operational history

The prototype Fokker S.14 wearing the markings of the Nationaal Lucht en Ruimtevaart Labortorium (NLL) at Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam, in 1967, soon after its retirement

The Machtrainer entered service in October 1955, deliveries continuing until November 1956. Only 19 of the 20 aircraft ordered by the Netherlands Air Force entered service, one being destroyed in a fatal crash in the United States while being used by Fokker as a demonstrator prior to delivery. The S.14 continued in use for over a decade, with a second being lost in a fatal crash in 1964.[1][12]

Of the original production, two were lost in accidents and most of the rest were scrapped in the years that followed. Three still exist today including the original prototype (K-1, PH-XIV), which was operated by the Nationaal Lucht en Ruimvaart Laboratorium (NLL), located at Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport, until retirement in March 1966.[13] It was then displayed at the Aviodome museum at Schiphol before moving to the museum at Lelystad Airport by 2008.

The production aircraft L-11 is preserved at the Royal Netherlands Air Force museum in Soesterberg. L-17 is undergoing renovation. There was a fourth, L-18, which had sat by a gate entrance at the Fokker works at Ypenburg, but it was scrapped in 1994 when it was closed.[1][14]

Operators

 Netherlands
Royal Netherlands Air Force

Specifications (S-14)

Data from Twenty-One Worldbeaters[8]

General characteristics

  • Crew: Two

Performance

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

Notes
  1. ^ The Derwent 8, like the Derwent V, was based on a scaled-down Rolls Royce Nene and not on earlier Derwents. It was a centrifugal flow design with nine combustion chambers and a single-stage turbine, with air flow rate of 62.84 lb/s (28.50 kg/s) delivering a peak thrust of 1,630 kp at 14,700 rpm.[7]
Citations
  1. ^ a b c d http://www.letletlet-warplanes.com/2008/06/15/fokker-s-14-machtrainer/ LetLetLet Fokker S.14
  2. ^ Rolls-Royce From the Wings 1925-1971, Ronald W. Harker, Oxford Illustrated Press 1976, ISBN 0-902280 38 4, p.96
  3. ^ Uijthoven 2003, pp. 52–53.
  4. ^ Flight 24 November 1949, pp. 687–688.
  5. ^ Uijthoven 2003, pp. 53–54.
  6. ^ a b c Donald 1997, p. 439.
  7. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-09-08. Retrieved 2008-09-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ a b Uijthoven 2003, p. 56.
  9. ^ Smith Flight 15 January 1954, p. 68.
  10. ^ a b c d Smith Flight 15 January 1954, p. 72.
  11. ^ Uijthoven 2003, pp. 56–57.
  12. ^ Uijthoven 2003, pp. 54–56.
  13. ^ Dekker, 1987, p. 137
  14. ^ Uijthoven 2003, p. 57.
Bibliography
  • Dekker, Herman. The Complete Civil Aircraft Registers of the Netherlands since 1920. Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. 1987. ISBN 0-85130-139-8.
  • Donald, David. The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Leicester, UK: Blitz Editions, 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
  • "Holland's Jet Trainer." Flight, 24 November 1949, pp. 687–688.
  • Hooftman, Hugo. "Van Brik tot Starfighter, Part 2." de schietstoel, the Netherlands: La Rivière & Voorhoev, 1962.
  • Marchand, Arno. "‘De Plank." De Vliegende Hollander, January 2007, pp. 10–11.
  • Schoenmaker, Wim. "De Fokker S-14 Machtrainer." Maandblad Luchtvaart No. 6, June 1988, pp. 182–187.
  • Sipkes, Lt. Col. C. et al. "Ervaringen van de Koninklijke Luchtmacht met de Fokker-vliegtuigen S-11 en S-14." Report Koninklijke Luchtmacht, 20 November 1958.
  • Smith, Maurice A. "Fokker S.14 in the Air." Flight, 15 January 1954, pp. 68–72.
  • Uijthoven, René L. "Twenty-One Worldbeaters:Fokker's S.14 Machtrainer". Air Enthusiast, No. 103, January/February 2003, pp. 52–57. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. ISSN 0143-5450.
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