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Wikipedia:Sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Welcome to this <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About_the_Sandbox" title="Wikipedia:About the Sandbox" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">sandbox page</a>, a space to experiment with the process of editing Wikipedia.

To edit this sandbox, you can either edit the source code ("<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">Edit source</a>" tab above) or use <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">VisualEditor</a> ("<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Sandbox&veaction=edit" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">Edit</a>" tab above). Then make your changes, and click the "Publish changes" button when finished. You can click "Show preview" to see a preview of what you are about to save, or "Show changes" to see what you have changed.

<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">Edit source code</a> or <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Draft:Sandbox&veaction=edit" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">Edit page visually</a>

Any user can edit this page and it is automatically cleared regularly (anything you write will not remain indefinitely). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&oldid=596189391" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">Click here to edit a clear sandbox</a>.

If you are logged in, you can access your personal sandbox ("<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Mypage/sandbox&action=edit&preload=Template:User_sandbox/preload" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">Sandbox</a>" link at the very top of the page, next to your user name).

Please <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Misuse_of_the_sandbox" title="Wikipedia:Misuse of the sandbox" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">DO NOT place copyrighted, offensive, or libelous content</a>in sandboxes.

For more information on what is a sandbox, see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:My_sandbox" title="Help:My sandbox" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Help:My sandbox</a>. For information and resources on the basics needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit Wikipedia see, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Contributing to Wikipedia</a>.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Shortcuts</a>

<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SB&redirect=no" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">WP:SB</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SAND&redirect=no" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">WP:SAND</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SANDBOX&redirect=no" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">WP:SANDBOX</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:TEST&redirect=no" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">WP:TEST</a>
<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:TESTING&redirect=no" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: none !important; padding: 0px !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important;">WP:TESTING</a>

CamelCaseIsNamedAfterThe "humps"OfItsCapitalLetters,SimilarToTheHumpsOfA <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BactrianCamel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BactrianCamel (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">BactrianCamel</a>.

CamelCase (stylizedAs camelCaseOr CamelCase;AlsoKnownAs camelCapsOrMoreFormallyAs medialCapitals)IsThePracticeOfWritingCompoundWordsOrPhrasesSuchThatEachWordOrAbbreviationInTheMiddleOfThePhraseBeginsWithA <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalization" title="Capitalization" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">capitalLetter</a>,WithNoInterveningSpacesOrPunctuation.CommonExamplesInclude "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">iPhone</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBay" title="EBay" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">eBay</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">FedEx</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DreamWorks" title="DreamWorks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">DreamWorks</a>",And "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">HarperCollins</a>".ItIsAlsoSometimesUsedInOnlineUsernamesSuchAs "JohnSmith",AndToMakeMulti-word <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DomainNames&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DomainNames (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">domainNames</a>MoreLegible,ForExampleInAdvertisements.

SomeSystemsPreferCamelcaseWithTheFirstLetterCapitalised,OthersNot.^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a>}<refName=nfrmwk><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:CiteWeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:CiteWeb (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Template:CiteWeb</a></ref>^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[2]</a>}ForClarity,ThisArticleCallsTheTwoAlternatives upperCamelCase(initialUpperCaseLetter,AlsoKnownAs PascalCase)And lowerCamelCase(initialLowerCaseLetter).SomePeopleAndOrganizations,Notably <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Microsoft</a>,<refName=nfrmwk/>UseTheTerm camelCaseOnlyForLowerCamelCase. PascalCaseMeansOnlyUpperCamelCase.

CamelCaseIsDistinctFrom <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TitleCase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TitleCase (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">TitleCase</a>,WhichCapitalisesAllWordsButRetainsTheSpacesBetweenThem,AndFrom <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TallManLettering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TallManLettering (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">TallManLettering</a>,WhichUsesCapitalsToEmphasizeTheDifferencesBetweenSimilar-lookingWordsSuchAs "predniSONE"And "predniSOLONE".

TheName "CamelCase"IsNotRelatedToThe "CamelBook",ThePopularNicknameOfTheBook <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ProgrammingPerl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ProgrammingPerl (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ProgrammingPerl</a>DueToThePictureOfACamelOnItsCover,WhichUsesAll-lowercaseIdentifiersWith <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">underscores</a>(sometimesCalled <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SnakeCase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SnakeCase (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">snakeCase</a>)InItsSampleCode.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#VariationsAndSynonyms" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">1VariationsAndSynonyms</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#TraditionalUseInNaturalLanguage" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2TraditionalUseInNaturalLanguage</a>
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#InWordCombinations" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2.1InWordCombinations</a>
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#InTransliterations" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2.2InTransliterations</a>
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#InAbbreviations" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">2.3InAbbreviations</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#HistoryOfModernTechnicalUse" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3HistoryOfModernTechnicalUse</a>
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#ChemicalFormulae" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3.1ChemicalFormulae</a>
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#EarlyUseInTrademarks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3.2EarlyUseInTrademarks</a>
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#ComputerProgramming" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3.3ComputerProgramming</a>
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#SpreadToMainstreamUsage" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">3.4SpreadToMainstreamUsage</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#CurrentUsageInComputing" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">4CurrentUsageInComputing</a>
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#ProgrammingAndCoding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">4.1ProgrammingAndCoding</a>
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#WikiLinkMarkup" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">4.2WikiLinkMarkup</a>
- <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#OtherUses" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">4.3OtherUses</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#ReadabilityStudies" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">5ReadabilityStudies</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#SeeAlso" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">6SeeAlso</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">7References</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#ExternalLinks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">8ExternalLinks</a>

VariationsAndSynonyms[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: VariationsAndSynonyms" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

TheOriginalNameOfThePractice,UsedIn <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaStudies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MediaStudies (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">mediaStudies</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">grammars</a>AndThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OxfordEnglishDictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OxfordEnglishDictionary (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">OxfordEnglishDictionary</a>,Was "medialCapitals".OtherNamesSuchAs "InterCaps"Or "CamelCase"AreRelativelyRecentAndMoreCommonInComputer-relatedCommunities.OtherSynonymsInclude:

BumpyCaps<refName="semicolon"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:CiteWeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:CiteWeb (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Template:CiteWeb</a></ref>
NerdCaps<refName="semicolon"/>
CamelBack (orCamel-back)Notation^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a>}OrCamelCaps^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a>}
CapitalizedWordsOrCapWordsForUpperCamelCaseIn <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Python_(programmingLanguage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Python (programmingLanguage) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Python</a><refName="python"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/StyleGuideForPythonCode" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: right center; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[4]</a>At <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.python.orgwww.python.org/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: right center; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[5]</a></ref>
CompoundNames<refName="compoundNames"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:CiteWeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:CiteWeb (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Template:CiteWeb</a></ref>
EmbeddedCaps (orEmbeddedCapitals)^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[5]</a>}
HumpBack (orHump-back)Notation^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[6]</a>}

InterCapsOrIntercapping^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[7]</a>} (abbreviationOf InternalCapitalization^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[8]</a>})
MixedCaseForLowerCamelCaseInPython<refName="python"/>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PascalCase" class="mw-redirect" title="PascalCase" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">PascalCase</a>ForUpperCamelCase^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[9]</a>}^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[10]</a>}^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[11]</a>} (afterThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pascal_(programmingLanguage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pascal (programmingLanguage) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">PascalProgrammingLanguage</a>)
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Smalltalk</a>Case
TurtleCase^{[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">citation needed</a>]}
WikiWord<refName="WikiWordUsedBy <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWiki" title="TWiki" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">TWiki</a>"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:CiteWeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:CiteWeb (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Template:CiteWeb</a></ref>OrWikiCase<refName="WikiCaseMentionedIn <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiWikiWeb" title="WikiWikiWeb" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">WikiWikiWeb</a>"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:CiteWeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:CiteWeb (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Template:CiteWeb</a></ref> (especiallyInOlder <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">wikis</a>)
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StudlyCaps" class="mw-redirect" title="StudlyCaps" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">StudlyCaps</a>IncludesEvenRandomlyMixedCapitalization,AsIn MiXeDCaPitALiZaTioN (typicallyAStereotypedAllusionTo <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leet" title="Leet" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">onlineCulture</a>),AndThusEncompassesBothStylesOfCamelCase.<refName="semicolon"/>

TheEarliestKnownOccurrenceOfTheTerm "InterCaps"OnUsenetIsInAnApril 1990PostToTheGroup alt.folklore.computersByAviRappoport.<refName="compoundNames" />TheEarliestUseOfTheName "CamelCase"OccursIn 1995,InAPostByNewtonLove.^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[12]</a>}LoveHasSinceSaid, "WithTheAdventOfProgrammingLanguagesHavingTheseSortsOfConstructs,TheHumpinessOfTheStyleMadeMeCallItHumpyCaseAtFirst,BeforeISettledOnCamelCase.IHadBeenCallingItCamelCaseForYears. ...TheCitationAboveWasJustTheFirstTimeIHadUsedTheNameOnUSENET."^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[13]</a>}

TraditionalUseInNaturalLanguage[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: TraditionalUseInNaturalLanguage" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

InWordCombinations[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: InWordCombinations" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

TheUseOfMedialCapitalsAsAConventionInTheRegularSpellingOfEverydayTextsIsRare,ButIsUsedInSomeLanguagesAsASolutionToParticularProblemsWhichAriseWhenTwoWordsOrSegmentsAreCombined.

InItalian,PronounsCanBeSuffixedToVerbs,AndBecauseTheHonorificFormOfSecond-personPronounsIsCapitalized,ThisCanProduceASentenceLike nonHoTrovatoIlTempoDiRisponderLe("IHaven'tFoundTimeToAnswerYou" -Where LeMeans "you").

In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GermanLanguage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GermanLanguage (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">German</a>,TheMedialCapitalLetter <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I" title="I" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">I</a>,Called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnen-I" title="Binnen-I" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Binnen-I</a>,IsSometimesUsedInAWordLike StudentInnen("students")ToIndicateThatBoth Studenten ("maleStudents")And Studentinnen("femaleStudents")AreIntendedSimultaneously.However,Mid-wordCapitalisationDoesNotConformTo <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GermanOrthography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GermanOrthography (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">GermanOrthography</a>;ThePreviousExampleCouldBeCorrectlyWrittenUsing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parentheses" class="mw-redirect" title="Parentheses" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">parentheses</a>As Student(inn)en,AnalogousTo "congress(wo)man"InEnglish.^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[14]</a>}

In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IrishOrthography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IrishOrthography (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Irish</a>,CamelcaseIsUsedWhenAnInflectionalPrefixIsAttachedToAProperNoun,ForExample iNGaillimh ("in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galway" title="Galway" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Galway</a>"),From Gaillimh ("Galway"); anTAlbanach ("theScottishPerson"),From Albanach ("ScottishPerson");And goHÉirinn ("to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ireland</a>"),From Éire ("Ireland").InRecent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ScottishGaelicAlphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ScottishGaelicAlphabet (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ScotsGaelicOrthography</a>,AHyphenHasBeenInserted: anT-Albannach.

ThisConventionIsAlsoUsedBySeveralWritten <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BantuLanguages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BantuLanguages (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">BantuLanguages</a> (e.g., kiSwahili, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SwahiliLanguage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SwahiliLanguage (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">SwahiliLanguage</a>"; isiZulu, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZuluLanguage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZuluLanguage (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ZuluLanguage</a>")AndSeveralIndigenous <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LanguagesOfMexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LanguagesOfMexico (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">languagesOfMexico</a> (e.g. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NahuatlLanguages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NahuatlLanguages (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Nahuatl</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TotonacanLanguages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TotonacanLanguages (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Totonacan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mixe%E2%80%93ZoqueLanguages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mixe–ZoqueLanguages (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mixe–Zoque</a>,AndSome <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oto-MangueanLanguages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oto-MangueanLanguages (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Oto-MangueanLanguages</a>).

In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DutchLanguage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DutchLanguage (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Dutch</a>TheLetter <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J" title="J" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">J</a>IsCapitalizedIfItIsImmediatelyPrecededByACapital <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I" title="I" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">I</a>,ForExampleInTheCountryname <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">IJsland</a>.

InEnglish,MedialCapitalsAreUsuallyOnlyFoundInScottishOrIrish "Mac-"Or "Mc-"Names,WhereForExample MacDonald,McDonald,And MacdonaldAreCommonSpellingVariantsOfTheSameName,AndInAnglo-Norman "Fitz-"Names,WhereForExampleBoth FitzGeraldAnd FitzgeraldAreFound.

InTheirEnglishStyleGuide <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TheKing%27sEnglish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TheKing'sEnglish (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">TheKing'sEnglish</a>,FirstPublishedIn 1906, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HenryWatsonFowler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HenryWatsonFowler (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">H.W.</a>And <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FrancisGeorgeFowler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FrancisGeorgeFowler (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">F.G.Fowler</a>SuggestedThatMedialCapitalsCouldBeUsedInTriple <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CompoundWord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CompoundWord (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">compoundWords</a>Where <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">hyphens</a>WouldCauseAmbiguity—theExamplesTheyGiveAre KingMark-like (asAgainst KingMark-like)And Anglo-SouthAmerican (asAgainst Anglo-SouthAmerican).However,TheyDescribedTheSystemAs "tooHopelesslyContraryToUseAtPresent."^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[15]</a>}

InTransliterations[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: InTransliterations" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

InTheScholarlyTransliterationOfLanguagesWrittenInOtherScripts,MedialCapitalsAreUsedInSimilarSituations.ForExample,InTransliterated <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HebrewLanguage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HebrewLanguage (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Hebrew</a>, ha'<spanStyle="font-family:TimesNewRoman">IvriMeans "theHebrewPerson"Or "theJew"And b'YerushalayimMeans "inJerusalem". In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=StandardTibetan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="StandardTibetan (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Tibetan</a>ProperNamesLike rLobsang,The "r"StandsForAPrefixGlyphInTheOriginalScriptThatFunctionsAs <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">tone</a>MarkerRatherThanANormalLetter.AnotherExampleIs ts<spanStyle="font-family:TimesNewRoman">Iurku,ALatinTranscriptionOfThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ChechenLanguage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChechenLanguage (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Chechen</a>TermForTheCappingStoneOfTheCharacteristic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VainakhMedievalTowers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VainakhMedievalTowers (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">MedievalDefensiveTowers</a>Of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chechenia" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Chechenia</a>And <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingushetia" title="Ingushetia" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ingushetia</a>;TheCapitalLetter "<spanStyle="font-family:TimesNewRoman">I"HereDenotingA <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">phoneme</a>DistinctFromTheOneTranscribedAs "i".

InAbbreviations[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: InAbbreviations" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

MedialCapitalsAreTraditionallyUsedInAbbreviationsToReflectTheCapitalizationThatTheWordsWouldHaveWhenWrittenOutInFull,ForExampleInTheAcademicTitles <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DoctorOfPhilosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DoctorOfPhilosophy (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">PhD</a>Or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BachelorOfScience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BachelorOfScience (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">BSc</a>.InGerman,TheNamesOfStatutesAreAbbreviatedUsingEmbeddedCapitals,E.g.StGB (Strafgesetzbuch)ForCriminalCode,PatG (Patentgesetz)ForPatentAct,BVerfG (Bundesverfassungsgericht)For <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FederalConstitutionalCourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FederalConstitutionalCourt (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">FederalConstitutionalCourt</a>,OrTheVeryCommonGmbH (GesellschaftMitBeschränkterHaftung)For <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PrivateLimitedCompany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PrivateLimitedCompany (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">CompanyWithLimitedLiability</a>.InThisContext,ThereCanEvenBeThreeOrMore "CamelCase"Capitals,E.g.InTzBfGForTeilzeit-UndBefristungsgesetz (ActOnPart-TimeAndLimitedTermOccupations).InFrench,CamelCaseAcronymsSuchAs <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oulipo" title="Oulipo" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">OuLiPo</a>(1960)WereFavoredForATimeAsAlternativesToInitialisms.

CamelCaseIsOftenUsedToTransliterateInitialismsIntoAlphabetsWhereTwoLettersMayBeRequiredToRepresentASingleCharacterOfTheOriginalAlphabet,E.g., <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DShK" title="DShK" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">DShK</a>From <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Cyrillic</a> ДШК.

HistoryOfModernTechnicalUse[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: HistoryOfModernTechnicalUse" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

ChemicalFormulae[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: ChemicalFormulae" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

TheFirstSystematicAndWidespreadUseOfMedialCapitalsForTechnicalPurposesWasTheNotationForChemicalFormulaeInventedByTheSwedishChemist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6nsJakobBerzelius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JönsJakobBerzelius (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">JacobBerzelius</a>In 1813.ToReplaceTheMultitudeOfNamingAndSymbolConventionsUsedByChemistsUntilThatTime,HeProposedToIndicateEachChemicalElementByASymbolOfOneOrTwoLetters,TheFirstOneBeingCapitalized.TheCapitalizationAllowedFormulaeLike "NaCl"ToBeWrittenWithoutSpacesAndStillBeParsedWithoutAmbiguity.^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[16]</a>}^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[17]</a>}

Berzelius'SystemContinuesToBeUsed,AugmentedWithThree-letterSymbolsSuchAs "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununennium" title="Ununennium" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Uue</a>"ForUnconfirmedOrUnknownElementsAndAbbreviationsForSomeCommonSubstituents (especiallyInTheFieldOfOrganicChemistry,ForInstance "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EthylGroup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EthylGroup (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Et</a>"For "ethyl-").ThisHasBeenFurtherExtendedToDescribeThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AminoAcid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AminoAcid (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">aminoAcid</a>SequencesOf <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein" title="Protein" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">proteins</a>AndOtherSimilarDomains.

EarlyUseInTrademarks[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: EarlyUseInTrademarks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

SinceTheEarly 20thCentury,MedialCapitalsHaveOccasionallyBeenUsedFor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">corporate</a>NamesAndProduct <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">trademarks</a>,SuchAs

DryIceCorporation (1925)MarketedTheSolidFormOf <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CarbonDioxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CarbonDioxide (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">carbonDioxide</a> (CO₂)As "DryIce",ThusLeadingToItsCommonName.<refName="AboutDryIce"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:CiteBook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:CiteBook (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Template:CiteBook</a></ref>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CinemaScope" title="CinemaScope" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">CinemaScope</a>And <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VistaVision" title="VistaVision" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">VistaVision</a>,Rival <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widescreen" title="Widescreen" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">widescreen</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film" title="Film" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">movie</a>Formats (1953)
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ShopKoStoresInc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ShopKoStoresInc. (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ShopKo</a> (1962)
MisteRogers,The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada" title="Canada" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Canadian</a>VersionOf <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MisterRogers%27Neighborhood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MisterRogers'Neighborhood (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">MisterRogers'Neighborhood</a> (1962)^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[18]</a>}
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AstroTurf" title="AstroTurf" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">AstroTurf</a> (1967)
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ConAgraFoodsInc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ConAgraFoodsInc. (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ConAgra</a>,FormerlyConsolidatedMills (1971).
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MasterCraftBoatCompany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MasterCraftBoatCompany (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">MasterCraft</a> (1968)

ComputerProgramming[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: ComputerProgramming" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

InThe 1970sAnd 1980s,MedialCapitalsWereAdoptedAsAStandardOrAlternative <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NamingConvention_(programming)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NamingConvention (programming) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">namingConvention</a>ForMulti-word <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Identifier_(computerProgramming)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Identifier (computerProgramming) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">identifiers</a>InSeveral <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProgrammingLanguage" class="mw-redirect" title="ProgrammingLanguage" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">programmingLanguages</a>.ThePreciseOriginOfTheConventionInComputerProgrammingHasNotYetBeenSettled.A 1954ConferenceProceedings^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[19]</a>}OccasionallyInformallyReferredToIBM's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedcoding" title="Speedcoding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Speedcoding</a>SystemAs "SpeedCo". <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ChristopherStrachey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChristopherStrachey (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ChristopherStrachey</a>'sPaperOn <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GeneralPurposeMacroProcessor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GeneralPurposeMacroProcessor (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">GPM</a> (1965),^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[20]</a>}ShowsAProgramThatIncludesSomeMedialCapitalIdentifiers,Including "NextCh"And "WriteSymbol".

Multiple-wordDescriptiveIdentifiersWithEmbeddedSpacesSuchAs endOfFileOr charTableCannotBeUsedInMostProgrammingLanguagesBecauseTheSpacesBetweenTheWordsWouldBe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parser" class="mw-redirect" title="Parser" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">parsed</a>As <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delimiter" title="Delimiter" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">delimiters</a>Between <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LexicalAnalysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LexicalAnalysis (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">tokens</a>.TheAlternativeOfRunningTheWordsTogetherAsIn endoffileOr chartableIsDifficultToUnderstandAndPossiblyMisleading;ForExample, chartableIsAnEnglishWord (ableToBeCharted).

SomeEarlyProgrammingLanguages,Notably <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lisp_(programmingLanguage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisp (programmingLanguage) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Lisp</a> (1958)And <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">COBOL</a> (1959),AddressedThisProblemByAllowingA <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">hyphen</a> ("-")ToBeUsedBetweenWordsOfCompoundIdentifiers,AsIn "END-OF-FILE":LispBecauseItWorkedWellWithPrefixNotation (aLispParserWouldNotTreatAHyphenInTheMiddleOfASymbolAsASubtractionOperator)AndCOBOLBecauseItsOperatorsWereIndividualEnglishWords.ThisConventionRemainsInUseInTheseLanguages,AndIsAlsoCommonInProgramNamesEnteredOnA <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CommandLine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CommandLine (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">commandLine</a>,AsInUnix.

However,ThisSolutionWasNotAdequateForMathematically-orientedLanguagesSuchAs <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORTRAN" class="mw-redirect" title="FORTRAN" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">FORTRAN</a> (1955)And <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_58" title="ALGOL 58" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ALGOL</a>(1958),WhichUsedTheHyphenAsAnInfixSubtractionOperator.TheseEarlyLanguagesInsteadAllowedIdentifiersToContainUnrestrictedEmbeddedSpaces,DeterminingTheEndOfTheIdentifierByContext.ThisApproachWasAbandonedInLaterLanguagesDueToTheComplexityItAddsTo <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LexicalAnalysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LexicalAnalysis (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">tokenization</a>. (FORTRANInitiallyRestrictedIdentifiersToNoMoreThanSixCharacters,EffectivelyPreventingMulti-wordIdentifiersExceptThoseMadeOfVeryShortWords,SuchAs "GOTO"="GOTO".)

ExacerbatingTheProblem,Common <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PunchedCard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PunchedCard (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">punchedCard</a>CharacterSetsOfTheTimeWereUppercaseOnlyAndLackedOtherSpecialCharacters.ItWasOnlyInTheLate 1960sThatTheWidespreadAdoptionOfThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ASCII</a>CharacterSetMadeBothLowerCaseAndThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">underscore</a>Character _UniversallyAvailable.SomeLanguages,Notably <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C_(programmingLanguage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C (programmingLanguage) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">C</a>,PromptlyAdoptedUnderscoresAsWordSeparators,AndIdentifiersSuchAs end_of_fileAreStillPrevalentInCProgramsAndLibraries (asWellAsInLaterLanguagesInfluencedByC,SuchAs <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Perl</a>And <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Python_(programmingLanguage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Python (programmingLanguage) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Python</a>).However,SomeLanguagesAndProgrammersChoseToAvoidUnderscores—amongOtherReasonsToPreventConfusingThemWith <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WhitespaceCharacter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WhitespaceCharacter (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">whitespace</a>—andAdoptedCamelCaseInstead.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CharlesSimonyi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CharlesSimonyi (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">CharlesSimonyi</a>,WhoWorkedAt <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XeroxPARC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XeroxPARC (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">XeroxPARC</a>InThe 1970sAndLaterOversawTheCreationOfMicrosoft'sOfficeSuiteOfApplications,InventedAndTaughtTheUseOf <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HungarianNotation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HungarianNotation (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">HungarianNotation</a>,OneVersionOfWhichUsesTheLowerCaseLetter(s)AtTheStartOfA (capitalized)VariableNameToDenoteItsType.OneAccount^{[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">citation needed</a>]}ClaimsThatTheCamelCaseStyleFirstBecamePopularAtXeroxPARCAround 1978,WithThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mesa_(programmingLanguage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesa (programmingLanguage) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">MesaProgrammingLanguage</a>DevelopedForThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XeroxAlto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XeroxAlto (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">XeroxAlto</a>Computer.ThisMachineLackedAnUnderscoreKey,AndTheHyphenAndSpaceCharactersWereNotPermittedInIdentifiers,LeavingCamelCaseAsTheOnlyViableSchemeForReadableMultiwordNames.ThePARCMesaLanguageManual (1979)IncludedACodingStandardWithSpecificRulesForUpperAndLowerCamelCaseThatWasStrictlyFollowedByTheMesaLibrariesAndTheAltoOperatingSystem.

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Smalltalk</a>Language,WhichWasDevelopedOriginallyOnTheAltoAndBecameQuitePopularInTheEarly 1980s,May<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:AccordingToWhom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:AccordingToWhom (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Template:AccordingToWhom</a>HaveBeenInstrumentalInSpreadingTheStyleOutsidePARC.CamelCaseWasAlsoUsedByConventionForManyNamesInThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">PostScript</a>PageDescriptionLanguage (inventedBy <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AdobeSystems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AdobeSystems (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">AdobeSystems</a>FounderAndEx-PARCScientist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JohnWarnock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JohnWarnock (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">JohnWarnock</a>),AsWellAsForTheLanguageItself.InAddition, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NiklausWirth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NiklausWirth (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">NiklausWirth</a>,TheInventorOf <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pascal_(programmingLanguage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pascal (programmingLanguage) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Pascal</a>,CameToAppreciateCamelCaseDuringASabbaticalAtPARCAndUsedItIn <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modula" title="Modula" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Modula</a>,HisNextProgrammingLanguage.

SpreadToMainstreamUsage[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: SpreadToMainstreamUsage" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

WhateverItsOriginsWithinTheComputingWorld,ThePracticeSpreadInThe 1980sAnd 1990s,WhenTheAdventOfThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PersonalComputer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PersonalComputer (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">personalComputer</a>ExposedHackerCultureToTheWorld.CamelCaseThenBecameFashionableForCorporate <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=TradeName&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TradeName (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">tradeNames</a>,InitiallyInTechnicalFields;MainstreamUsageWasWellEstablishedBy 1990:

(1962) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolyGram" title="PolyGram" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">PolyGram</a>,FormerlyOneOfThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MajorLabel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MajorLabel (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">majorLabels</a>OfThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MusicIndustry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MusicIndustry (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">musicIndustry</a>.
(1971) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AeroVironment" title="AeroVironment" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">AeroVironment</a>
(1976) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterCity_125" title="InterCity 125" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">InterCity 125</a>
(1977) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">CompuServe</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UnitedHealthGroup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UnitedHealthGroup (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">UnitedHealthCare</a> (nowUnitedHealthcare).^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[21]</a>}
(1978) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordStar" title="WordStar" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">WordStar</a>
(1979) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MasterCard" title="MasterCard" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">MasterCard</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SportsCenter" title="SportsCenter" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">SportsCenter</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VisiCalc" title="VisiCalc" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">VisiCalc</a>
(1980) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=EchoStarCommunicationsCorporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EchoStarCommunicationsCorporation (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">EchoStar</a>
(1982) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroProse" title="MicroProse" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">MicroProse</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">WordPerfect</a>
(1983) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NovellNetWare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NovellNetWare (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">NetWare</a>
(1984) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BellSouth" title="BellSouth" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">BellSouth</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaserJet" class="mw-redirect" title="LaserJet" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">LaserJet</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacWorks" class="mw-redirect" title="MacWorks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">MacWorks</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDEN" title="IDEN" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">iDEN</a>
(1985) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AdobePageMaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AdobePageMaker (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">PageMaker</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EastEnders" title="EastEnders" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">EastEnders</a>
(1986) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceCamp" title="SpaceCamp" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">SpaceCamp</a>
(1987) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClarisWorks" class="mw-redirect" title="ClarisWorks" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ClarisWorks</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">HyperCard</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPoint" class="mw-redirect" title="PowerPoint" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">PowerPoint</a>
(1990) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarperCollinsPublishers" class="mw-redirect" title="HarperCollinsPublishers" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">HarperCollins</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SeaTac,Washington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SeaTac,Washington (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">SeaTac</a>,Iconic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldWideWeb" title="WorldWideWeb" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">WorldWideWeb</a>

DuringThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dot-comBubble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dot-comBubble (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">dot-comBubble</a>OfTheLate 1990s,TheLowercasePrefixes "e" (for "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">electronic</a>")And "i" (for "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Internet</a>",^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[22]</a>} "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">information</a>", "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">intelligent</a>",Etc.)BecameQuiteCommon,GivingRiseToNamesLike <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AppleInc." class="mw-redirect" title="AppleInc." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Apple</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMac" title="IMac" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">iMac</a>AndThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentyal" title="Zentyal" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">eBox</a>SoftwarePlatform.

In 1998,DaveYostSuggestedThatChemistsUseMedialCapitalsToAidReadabilityOfLongChemicalNames,E.g.WriteAmidoPhosphoRibosylTransferaseInsteadOf <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amidophosphoribosyltransferase" title="Amidophosphoribosyltransferase" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">amidophosphoribosyltransferase</a>.^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[23]</a>}ThisUsageWasNotWidelyAdopted.

CamelcaseIsSometimesUsedForAbbreviatedNamesOfCertainNeighborhoods,E.g.NewYorkCityNeighborhoods SoHo (SouthOf HoustonStreet)And TriBeCa (Triangle Below CanalStreet)AndSanFrancisco's SoMa (SouthOf Market).SuchUsagesErodeQuickly,SoTheNeighborhoodsAreNowTypicallyRenderedAs Soho, Tribeca,And Soma.

InternalCapitalizationHasAlsoBeenUsedForOtherTechnicalCodesLike <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">HeLa</a> (1983).

CurrentUsageInComputing[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: CurrentUsageInComputing" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

ProgrammingAndCoding[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: ProgrammingAndCoding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:MainArticle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:MainArticle (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Template:MainArticle</a> TheUseOfMedialCapsForCompoundIdentifiersIsRecommendedByThe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CodingStyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CodingStyle (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">codingStyle</a>GuidelinesOfManyOrganizationsOrSoftwareProjects.ForSomeLanguages (suchAs <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mesa_(programmingLanguage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesa (programmingLanguage) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Mesa</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pascal_(programmingLanguage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pascal (programmingLanguage) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Pascal</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modula" title="Modula" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Modula</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Java_(programmingLanguage)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Java (programmingLanguage) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Java</a>And <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft .NET" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">.NET</a>)ThisPracticeIsRecommendedByTheLanguageDevelopersOrByAuthoritativeManualsAndHasThereforeBecomePartOfTheLanguage's "culture".

StyleGuidelinesOftenDistinguishBetweenUpperAndLowerCamelCase,TypicallySpecifyingWhichVarietyShouldBeUsedForSpecificKindsOfEntities: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Variable_(computerScience)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variable (computerScience) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">variables</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Field_(computerScience)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Field (computerScience) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">recordFields</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Method_(computerScience)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Method (computerScience) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">methods</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Procedure_(computerScience)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procedure (computerScience) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">procedures</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Type_(computerScience)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Type (computerScience) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">types</a>,Etc.TheseRulesAreSometimesSupportedBy <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=StaticCodeAnalysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="StaticCodeAnalysis (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">staticAnalysis</a>ToolsThatCheckSourceCodeForAdherence.

TheOriginal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HungarianNotation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HungarianNotation (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">HungarianNotation</a>ForProgramming,ForExample,SpecifiesThatALowercaseAbbreviationForThe "usageType" (notDataType)ShouldPrefixAllVariableNames,WithTheRemainderOfTheNameInUpperCamelCase;AsSuchItIsAFormOfLowerCamelCase.

ProgrammingIdentifiersOftenNeedToContain <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AcronymsAndInitialisms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AcronymsAndInitialisms (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">acronymsAndInitialisms</a>ThatAreAlreadyInUpperCase,SuchAs "oldHTMLFile".ByAnalogyWithTheTitleCaseRules,TheNaturalCamelCaseRenderingWouldHaveTheAbbreviationAllInUpperCase,Namely "oldHTMLFile".However,ThisApproachIsProblematicWhenTwoAcronymsOccurTogether (e.g., "parseDBMXML"WouldBecome "parseDBMXML")OrWhenTheStandardMandatesLowerCamelCaseButTheNameBeginsWithAnAbbreviation (e.g. "SQLServer"WouldBecome "sQLServer").ForThisReason,SomeProgrammersPreferToTreatAbbreviationsAsIfTheyWereLowerCaseWordsAndWrite "oldHtmlFile", "parseDbmXml"Or "sqlServer".However,ThisCanMakeItHarderToRecogniseThatAGivenWordIsIntendedAsAnAcronym.^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[24]</a>}

WikiLinkMarkup[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: WikiLinkMarkup" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

CamelCaseIsUsedInSome <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikitext" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikitext" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">wikiMarkupLanguages</a>ForTermsThatShouldBeAutomaticallyLinkedToOther <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">wiki</a>Pages.ThisConventionWasOriginallyUsedIn <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WardCunningham" class="mw-redirect" title="WardCunningham" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">WardCunningham</a>'sOriginal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiSoftware" class="mw-redirect" title="WikiSoftware" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">wikiSoftware</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WikiWikiWeb" title="WikiWikiWeb" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">WikiWikiWeb</a>,AndCanBeActivatedInMostOtherWikis.SomeWikiEnginesSuchAs <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TiddlyWiki" title="TiddlyWiki" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">TiddlyWiki</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trac" title="Trac" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Trac</a>And <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PmWiki" title="PmWiki" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">PmWiki</a>MakeUseOfItInTheDefaultSettings,ButUsuallyAlsoProvideAConfigurationMechanismOr <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">plugin</a>ToDisableIt. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Wikipedia</a>FormerlyUsedCamelCaseLinkingAsWell,ButSwitchedToExplicitLinkMarkupUsing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SquareBrackets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SquareBrackets (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">squareBrackets</a>AndManyOtherWikiSitesHaveDoneTheSame.SomeWikisThatDoNotUseCamelCaseLinkingMayStillUseTheCamelCaseAsANamingConvention,SuchAs <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AboutUs" class="mw-redirect" title="AboutUs" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">AboutUs</a>.

OtherUses[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: OtherUses" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NationalInformationExchangeModel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NationalInformationExchangeModel (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">NIEM</a>RegistryRequiresThat <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ExtensibleMarkupLanguage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ExtensibleMarkupLanguage (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">XML</a>DataElementsUseUpperCamelCaseAndXMLAttributesUseLowerCamelCase.

MostPopular <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Command-lineInterface&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Command-lineInterface (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">command-lineInterfaces</a>And <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ShellScript&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ShellScript (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">scripting</a>LanguagesCannotEasilyHandleFileNamesThatContainEmbeddedSpaces (usuallyRequiringTheNameToBePutInQuotes).Therefore,UsersOfThoseSystemsOftenResortToCamelCase (orUnderscores,HyphensAndOther "safe"Characters)ForCompoundFileNamesLike MyJobResume.pdf.

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microblogging" title="Microblogging" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Microblogging</a>And <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SocialNetworking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SocialNetworking (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">socialNetworking</a>SitesThatLimitTheNumberOfCharactersInAMessage (mostFamously <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Twitter</a>,WhereThe 140-characterLimitCanBeQuiteRestrictiveInLanguagesThatRelyOnAlphabets,IncludingEnglish)ArePotentialOutletsForMedialCapitals.UsingCamelCaseBetweenWordsReducesTheNumberOfSpaces,AndThusTheNumberOfCharacters,InAGivenMessage,AllowingMoreContentToFitIntoTheLimitedSpace. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Hashtags</a>,EspeciallyLongOnes,OftenUseCamelCaseToMaintainReadability (e.g. #CollegeStudentProblemsIsEasierToReadThan #collegestudentproblems).

InWebsiteURLs,SpacesAre <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding" title="Percent-encoding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">percent-encoded</a>As "%20",MakingTheAddressLongerAndLess <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HumanReadable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HumanReadable (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">humanReadable</a>.ByOmittingSpaces,CamelCaseDoesNotHaveThisProblem.

ReadabilityStudies[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: ReadabilityStudies" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

CamelCaseHasBeenCriticisedAsNegativelyImpactingReadabilityDueToTheRemovalOfSpacesAndUppercasingOfEveryWord.^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[25]</a>}

A 2009StudyComparing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SnakeCase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SnakeCase (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">snakeCase</a>ToCamelCaseFoundThatCamelCaseIdentifiersCouldBeRecognisedWithHigherAccuracyAmongBothProgrammersAndNon-programmers,AndThatProgrammersAlreadyTrainedInCamelCaseWereAbleToRecogniseThoseIdentifiersFasterThanUnderscoredSnake-caseIdentifiers.^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[26]</a>}

A 2010Follow-upStudy,UnderTheSameConditionsButUsingAnImprovedMeasurementMethodWithUseOfEye-trackingEquipment,Indicates: "WhileResultsIndicateNoDifferenceInAccuracyBetweenTheTwoStyles,SubjectsRecognizeIdentifiersInTheUnderscoreStyleMoreQuickly."^{<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[27]</a>}

SeeAlso[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: SeeAlso" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AllCaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AllCaps (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">AllCaps</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalization" title="Capitalization" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Capitalization</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CapsLock" class="mw-redirect" title="CapsLock" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">CapsLock</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ShiftKey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ShiftKey (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ShiftKey</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SmallCaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SmallCaps (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">SmallCaps</a>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicase" title="Unicase" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Unicase</a>

References[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Sandbox&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit</a>]

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<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.theslot.com/webnames.htmlWhat'sInANAME(cq)?" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: right center; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[8]</a>,ByBillWalsh,AtTheSlot
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<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://capitalizemytitle.com/camel-case/ConvertTextToCamelCase" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: right center; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[10]</a>
<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://xml.coverpages.org/camelCase.htmlOASISCoverPages:CamelCaseForNamingXML-RelatedComponents" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: right center; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[11]</a>
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