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'''Jerry S. Parr''' (September 16, 1930 – October 9, 2015) was a [[United States Secret Service]] agent who served under five U.S presidents; from [[John F. Kennedy]] to [[Ronald Reagan]]. Parr is best known for defending President Reagan during the [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|assassination attempt]] on Reagan's life on March 30, 1981 in [[Washington, D.C.]]. |
'''Jerry S. Parr''' (September 16, 1930 – October 9, 2015) was a [[United States Secret Service]] agent who served under five U.S presidents; from [[John F. Kennedy]] to [[Ronald Reagan]]. Parr is best known for his notable act of bravery while defending President Reagan during the [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|assassination attempt]] on Reagan's life on March 30, 1981 in [[Washington, D.C.]]. |
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During the assassination attempt, Parr pushed the President into the [[Presidential state car (United States)|presidential limousine]], and made the critical decision to divert the presidential motorcade to [[George Washington University Hospital]] instead of returning to the [[White House]]. |
During the assassination attempt, Parr pushed the President into the [[Presidential state car (United States)|presidential limousine]], and made the critical decision to divert the presidential motorcade to [[George Washington University Hospital]] instead of returning to the [[White House]]. |
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{{main|Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan}} |
{{main|Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan}} |
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On March 30, 1981, [[John Hinckley Jr.]] opened fire on |
On March 30, 1981, [[John Hinckley Jr.]] opened fire on on President [[Ronald Reagan]] as he exited the Washington Hilton Hotel after giving a speech, firing six bullets in 1.7 seconds.<ref name="wilber2011">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdCLMpSY5qkC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronad Reagan|author=Wilber, Del Quentin|publisher=Macmillan|year=2011|isbn=0-8050-9346-X}}</ref> Instantly, Parr quickly pushed Reagan into the limousine, and as a result, one of the bullets overshot the president. Parr's prompt reaction had saved Reagan from being hit in the head.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-wilber2011-13|[13]]]:224</sup> The final bullet ricocheted off the armored side of the limousine and hit the president in the left underarm, grazing a rib and lodging in his lung, causing it to partially collapse, and stopping less than an inch (25 mm) from his heart.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-king010330-32|[32]]][[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-reagan.com-17|[17]]][[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-trial-20|[20]]]</sup> |
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Carolyn, Parr's wife, had been standing directly across the street when the shooting occurred. Parr had called to invite her to come watch the president's exit and get a fun glimpse of her husband in action.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-wilber2011-13|[13]]]:164</sup> |
Carolyn, Parr's wife, had been standing directly across the street when the shooting occurred. Parr had called to invite her to come watch the president's exit and get a fun glimpse of her husband in action.<sup>[[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan#cite note-wilber2011-13|[13]]]:164</sup> |
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==Filmography== |
==Filmography== |
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Parr was a film advisor for the movies ''[[In the Line of Fire]]'' (1993) and ''[[Contact (1997 American film)|Contact]]'' (1997), and for the documentaries ''In the Line of Fire: Behind the Scenes with the Secret Service'' (1993), and ''Inside the US Secret Service'' (2004). He also served as a commentator on: |
Parr was a film advisor for the movies ''[[In the Line of Fire]]'' (1993) and ''[[Contact (1997 American film)|Contact]]'' (1997), and for the documentaries ''In the Line of Fire: Behind the Scenes with the Secret Service'' (1993), and ''Inside the US Secret Service'' (2004). He also served as a commentator on ''[[Larry King Live]]''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/07/15/lkl.transcript/index.html|title=Investigating the President: Should Secret Service Agents Have to Testify?|accessdate=2008-08-14|work=[[Larry King Live]]|publisher=CNN|date=July 14, 1998 }}</ref>, ''[[Meet the Press]]'', [[Discovery Channel]], [[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel]], [[PBS]], and [[Travel Channel]]. |
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* ''[[Larry King Live]]''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/07/15/lkl.transcript/index.html|title=Investigating the President: Should Secret Service Agents Have to Testify?|accessdate=2008-08-14|work=[[Larry King Live]]|publisher=CNN|date=July 14, 1998 }}</ref> |
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==Depiction in media== |
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* ''[[Meet the Press]]'' |
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Parr was portrayed by Joe Chrest in the 2016 television film ''[[Killing Reagan (film)|Killing Reagan]]''. |
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* [[Discovery Channel]] |
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* [[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel]] |
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* [[PBS]] |
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* [[Travel Channel]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 16:11, 15 June 2019
Jerry Parr | |
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![]() | |
Born | |
Died | October 9, 2015 | (aged 85)
Education | Vanderbilt University Loyola University |
Occupation | Secret Service Agent |
Employer | United States Secret Service |
Known for | Saving President Reagan during his assassination attempt. |
Spouse(s) |
Carolyn Parr (m. 1959–2015) |
Children | 3 |
Jerry S. Parr (September 16, 1930 – October 9, 2015) was a United States Secret Service agent who served under five U.S presidents; from John F. Kennedy to Ronald Reagan. Parr is best known for his notable act of bravery while defending President Reagan during the assassination attempt on Reagan's life on March 30, 1981 in Washington, D.C..
During the assassination attempt, Parr pushed the President into the presidential limousine, and made the critical decision to divert the presidential motorcade to George Washington University Hospital instead of returning to the White House.
Parr was honored with U.S. Congress commendations for his actions that day and is widely credited with helping to save the President's life.[1][2][3]
Parr died in 2015 from heart failure.[92]
Education
Parr received his B.A. in English and Philosophy from Vanderbilt University in 1962. In 1987, he received his M.S. in pastoral counseling from Loyola University in Maryland.[4]
An ordained minister,[5] in 1987, Parr was awarded an honorary doctorate in Humane Letters from Eureka College.[4]
Career with the Secret Service
Parr's interest in joining the Secret Service originated as a boy after watching Code of the Secret Service (1939) starring Ronald Reagan as agent "Brass" Bancroft.[6]: 18 [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] He was working as a lineman for Florida Power and Light in 1962 when he was interviewed by a visiting recruiter for the Secret Service. When asked if he was able to assume the risks of the job, Parr replied it was probably no more dangerous than what he had been doing for the power company.[14] He joined the Secret Service at age 32, the oldest rookie in his class.[4]
Over the next 23 years, Parr conducted 15 foreign and 65 domestic protective surveys for various Presidents and Vice Presidents, and worked with security, intelligence and law enforcement professionals in all 50 states and in 37 countries.[3] From 1969-78, he worked for the Foreign Dignitary Division as a mid-level supervisor on the Humphrey, Agnew and Ford details, and directed security for 56 foreign heads of state, including Queen Elizabeth of England, Emperor Hirohito of Japan, King Juan Carlos of Spain and Pope John Paul II.[2][4]
From 1978-1979, he was Special Agent in Charge of the Vice Presidential Protective Division, where he directed security for Vice President Mondale. In 1979, Parr moved to the Presidential Protective Division, where he was Special Agent in Charge and Head of the White House Detail.[4] There, he directed security for Presidents Carter and Reagan. In 1982, he became Assistant Director of Protective Research, and in 1985, Parr retired from the Secret Service. Parr's story is told in his autobiography, In the Secret Service: The True Story Of The Man who Saved President Reagan (Tyndale House Publishing), co-authored by his wife Carolyn Parr.
Assassination attempt
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/President_Ronald_Reagan_moments_before_he_was_shot_in_an_assassination_attempt_1981.jpg/220px-President_Ronald_Reagan_moments_before_he_was_shot_in_an_assassination_attempt_1981.jpg)
On March 30, 1981, John Hinckley Jr. opened fire on on President Ronald Reagan as he exited the Washington Hilton Hotel after giving a speech, firing six bullets in 1.7 seconds.[6] Instantly, Parr quickly pushed Reagan into the limousine, and as a result, one of the bullets overshot the president. Parr's prompt reaction had saved Reagan from being hit in the head.[13]:224 The final bullet ricocheted off the armored side of the limousine and hit the president in the left underarm, grazing a rib and lodging in his lung, causing it to partially collapse, and stopping less than an inch (25 mm) from his heart.[32][17][20]
Carolyn, Parr's wife, had been standing directly across the street when the shooting occurred. Parr had called to invite her to come watch the president's exit and get a fun glimpse of her husband in action.[13]:164
After the Secret Service first announced "shots fired" over its radio network at 2:27 p.m., Reagan—codename "Rawhide"—was taken away by the agents in the limousine ("Stagecoach").[36][13]:66 At first, no one knew that he had been shot, and Parr stated that "Rawhide is OK...we're going to Crown" (the White House), as he preferred its medical facilities to an unsecured hospital.[37][36]
Reagan was in great pain from the bullet that struck his rib, and he believed that the rib had cracked when Parr pushed him into the limousine. When the agent checked him for gunshot wounds, however, Reagan coughed up bright, frothy blood.[32] Although the president believed that he had cut his lip,[37] Parr believed that the cracked rib had punctured Reagan's lung and ordered the motorcade to divert to nearby George Washington University Hospital, which the Secret Service periodically inspected for use.[23] Although Reagan came close to death, the medical team's quick action—and Parr's decision to drive to the hospital instead of the White House—likely saved the president's life.[32]
After the assassination attempt, Jerry Parr was hailed as a hero[6] and received Congressional commendations for his actions, and was named one of four "Top Cops" in the U.S. by Parade Magazine.[15] He later wrote about the assassination attempt in his autobiography, calling it both the best and the worst day of his life.[4] Parr came to believe that God had directed his life so that he could one day save the president's, and became a pastor after retiring from the Secret Service in 1985.[13]:224
Community service
Parr was very active in his church in Washington, D.C., where he was a former co-pastor, retreat leader and spiritual director. He served on the Board of Directors at Joseph's House, an organization for men with AIDS and co-founded Servant Leadership School.[4] In April 1992, he drove a school bus more than 3,000 miles from Washington, D.C. to deliver supplies to an orphanage in San Salvador.[16]
Death
Parr died of congestive heart failure at a hospice in Washington, D.C. on October 9, 2015, aged 85.[5][17] He was survived by Carolyn, his wife of nearly 56 years, three daughters and four granddaughters.[14]
Awards and honors
- Presidential Rank Award for Meritorious Executive from the U.S. Secret Service, 1984[4]
- U.S. Congress commendations for actions on March 30, 1981, during the attempt on President Reagan's life[4]
- Director's Award of Valor, U.S. Secret Service[4]
- Exceptional Service Award, U.S. Treasury Department[4]
- Honor League, New York Police Department[4]
- Commendation by the Maryland State Senate[4]
- Named as one of four "Top Cops" by Parade Magazine, 1981[4]
Professional organizations
Parr was a member of the Association for Conflict Resolution and American Association of Pastoral Counsellors. Previously, he was the president of the Association of Former Agents of the U.S. Secret Service.[4]
Filmography
Parr was a film advisor for the movies In the Line of Fire (1993) and Contact (1997), and for the documentaries In the Line of Fire: Behind the Scenes with the Secret Service (1993), and Inside the US Secret Service (2004). He also served as a commentator on Larry King Live[18], Meet the Press, Discovery Channel, History Channel, PBS, and Travel Channel.
Depiction in media
Parr was portrayed by Joe Chrest in the 2016 television film Killing Reagan.
References
- ^ Wilber, Del Quentin (2011). Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronald Reagan. Macmillan. ISBN 0-8050-9346-X.
- ^ a b "At The Edge Of Death". Newsweek. October 4, 1999. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
- ^ a b Sue Anne Pressley (March 30, 2006). "When History, Destiny Converged". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-08-13.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "In The Secret Service". Tyndale House Publishers. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
- ^ a b CNN, Steve Almasy. "Jerry Parr, agent who helped wounded Reagan, dies - CNNPolitics". CNN. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ a b c Wilber, Del Quentin (2011). Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronad Reagan. Macmillan. ISBN 0-8050-9346-X.
- ^ Pat Williams; Jim Denney (February 2008). Souls of Steel: How to Build Character in Ourselves and Our Kids. New York City: FaithWords/Hachette Book Group USA. ISBN 978-0-446-51129-2.
- ^ Del Quentin Wilber (2011). Rawhide Down: The Near Assassination of Ronald Reagan. New York City: Henry Holt and Company. pp. 18–20, 224. ISBN 978-0-8050-9346-9.
- ^ Chris Matthews (2009). The Hardball Handbook: How to Win at Life. New York City: Random House. pp. 173–174. ISBN 978-0-8129-7597-0.
- ^ Peter Schweizer (2002). Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty-Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism. New York City: Anchor Books/Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-7556-0.
- ^ Peggy Noonan (2001). When Character was King: A Story of Ronald Reagan. New York City: Viking Penguin. p. 195. ISBN 0-670-88235-6.
- ^ Rick Beyer (2007). The Greatest Presidential Stories Never Told: 100 Tales from History to Astonish, Bewilder, and Stupefy. New York City: The History Channel/HarperCollins. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-06-076018-2.
- ^ Scott D. Pierce (October 22, 2004). "Secret Service secrets revealed". Deseret News.
- ^ a b Weil, Martin (2015-10-10). "Jerry Parr, Secret Service agent who helped save Ronald Reagan, dies at 85". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
- ^ Jerry., Parr,. In the Secret Service : the true story of the man who saved President Reagan's life. Carol Stream, Illinois. ISBN 9781414378718. OCLC 833301074.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Jerry., Parr,. In the Secret Service : the true story of the man who saved President Reagan's life. Carol Stream, Illinois. ISBN 9781414378718. OCLC 833301074.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Wilber, Del Quentin (October 9, 2015). "Jerry Parr, U.S. Agent Who Saved Reagan's Life, Dies at 85". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
- ^ "Investigating the President: Should Secret Service Agents Have to Testify?". Larry King Live. CNN. July 14, 1998. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
External links
- Jerry Parr at IMDb
- Official website for the book In The Secret Service, inthesecretservice.com; accessed August 20, 2017.
- T. R. Reid (April 3, 1981). "Agent Tells of the Blood-and-Guts Getaway". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-08-14.