Rule 63
Rule 63 is an Internet meme that states that, as a rule, "for every given female character, there is a male version of that character" and vice versa. It is one of the "Rules of the Internet" that began in 2006 as a Netiquette guide on 4chan and were eventually expanded upon by including deliberately mocking rules, of which Rule 63 is an example.[1] It began to see general use in fandom communities as a term to refer to both fan-made and official gender-swaps of existing fictional characters.
Origin
Prior to the creation of Rule 63, gender-swapping was popularized in video games in the 1990s by the finishing move of Darkstalkers character Demitri Maximoff, a vampire. Called the "Midnight Bliss", it involved tossing a rose at a character to transform them into a helpless maiden and completely drain them of life energy.[2] This meant that female versions of all the game's male characters had to be created, as well as those of Street Fighter and SNK characters when SNK vs. Capcom included Maximoff. These female interpretations became popular and resulted in large amounts of fan art, as well as prompting art of gender-swaps of other male and female characters.[2]
Rule 63 was created in mid-2007 as an addition to the humorous "Rules of the Internet", originally created around the end of 2006 on 4chan.[3] It lists two statements: "for every given male character, there is a female version of that character", and "for every given female character, there is a male version of that character". The primacy of the male to female transition contains an implied subtext that female to male gender-swapping is less important.[3]
The trope, originally seen primarily unofficially, later became more widely disseminated in popular culture, with critics stating that it had been "recognized by Hollywood".[4]
Usage
Rule 63 is commonly used as a term to refer to gender-swapped interpretations of existing characters in fanworks, such as fan art, fan fiction and cosplay,[5] and it is particularly pervasive in the anime and manga community, where communities sprang up built around romantic gender-swap relationships.[2] It also often overlaps with the creation of moe anthropomorphic female versions of non-human, male characters. A well-known example of this is Bowsette, a female version of the Mario antagonist Bowser that became one of the most popular Internet memes of 2018.[6] However, it has also been used by critics to refer to official characters who are gender-swapped versions of older characters or fictional beings, such as Number Six from Battlestar Galactica being a "sexy female" version of a Cylon Centurion,[7] and the female main cast of the 2016 reboot of Ghostbusters.[4]
The creation of Rule 63 cosplays such as gender-swapped superheroes has been cited as popular amongst female cosplayers as giving them the ability to portray roles beyond socially approved gendered scripts.[3] It is seen as empowering, allowing cosplayers to wear clothing and weapons usually not afforded to female characters.[8] However, certain characters with inherent gender fluidity are said to work better than others. Such gender-bending cosplay, which allows the cosplayer to choose what behavior enhances the performance, can be contrasted with crossplay, which completely immerses the cosplayer in the codes of another gender.[3]
Notable examples
In film
- The 2016 Ghostbusters reboot featured a cast of female leads that was called "proof of Rule 63", with similarities noted between each team member and one of the original male team members. It was called an official acknowledgement of what was formerly an unofficial, fan-driven phenomenon.[4]
In video games
- In the Mario series, the fan-made Bowsette is a female version of the male antagonist Bowser, created through the use of the Super Crown, a power-up that imparts the appearance and abilities of Princess Peach on its user. Nintendo's official clarification is that the item is only usable by Toadette, and the creation of Bowsette is "technically impossible".[9]
- In the Zelda series, the character Linkle was created by Nintendo as an alternate-universe gender-swap of the typical main character, Link. However, she does not possess his powers, and is instead a normal girl who dual-wields a pair of crossbows.[10] Made playable in Hyrule Warriors Legends,[10] she was also modded into The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild by a fan to replace Link.[11] The character Sheik, who Princess Zelda has the ability to transform into in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, has been called the most iconic example of female-to-male gender-swapping in gaming, although Sheik has both male and female characteristics.[2]
See also
References
- ^ Leopold, Todd (2013-02-15). "Meet the Rules of the Internet". CNN. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d Iovanovici, Zoran (2009-10-19). "Analysis: Gaming's Midnight Bliss - Gender Swapping Made Fun". www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d Goodrum, Michael D.; Prescott, Tara; Smith, Philip (2018). Gender and the superhero narrative. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 144–145. ISBN 978-1-4968-1880-5. OCLC 1030446156.
- ^ a b c Orsini, Lauren (2015-07-10). "How Female Ghostbusters Prove Internet Rule 63: There's An Alternate Gender Version Of Everyone". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Hwang, Chanel (2018-09-20). "22 Cartoon Characters Reimagined As Girls By The Community". TheGamer. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Asarch, Steven (2018-12-20). "KnowYourMeme and Newsweek have compiled a list of the Top 10 Video Game Memes of 2018". Newsweek. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Chu, Arthur (2014-05-06). "How 'Battlestar Galactica,' 'Game of Thrones,' and FanFiction Conquered Pop Culture". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
- ^ Hanks, Henry (2013-09-03). "Costumed fans put a gender spin on classic characters". CNN. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Life, Nintendo (2019-01-04). "Random: Nintendo Confirms Only Toadette Can Wear The Super Crown, Bowsette Officially Debunked". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
- ^ a b McWhertor, Michael (2015-11-12). "Hyrule Warriors Legends for 3DS will include a new female Link, called Linkle". Polygon. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
- ^ March 2018, Sam Prell 07. "This Breath of the Wild mod that turns Link into a girl is so good it could pass for official DLC". gamesradar. Retrieved 2020-09-26.
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